Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@joyrexus

joyrexus/README.md

Last active December 28, 2015 03:59
Show Gist options
  • Star 1 You must be signed in to star a gist
  • Fork 0 You must be signed in to fork a gist
  • Save joyrexus/7439256 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save joyrexus/7439256 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Download ZIP
Explore crossfilter sans browser
Raw
README.md

A little intro and exploration of crossfilter.js based on the docs and this tutorial.

Intro

Crossfilter provides fast n-dimensional filtering and grouping of records, enabling live histograms. It's designed for exploring large multivariate datasets, where interactions consist of grouping by a dimension followed by incremental filtering and reducing along another dimension.

In other words, it enables you to define dimensions on your dataset, by which you can then filter, sort, group and reduce the dataset. It's internal indicing makes this all very fast and efficient.

While you can certainly use crossfilter in a browser, I think its handy to first experiment with it as a node module so you can focus on what it does without the overhead required to visualize its effects. It's available as a node package and you can install with npm -g crossfilter.

For more on crossfilter, have a look at the ...

Note that there's a dimensional charting library based on D3 and Crossfilter called dc.js. Looks convenient if you're working on a web-based dashboard and cool with the predefined chart types.

If you're dealing with categorical data (e.g., surveys), try catcorr.js.

Requirements

To run this README file as literate coffeescript change the file extension from .md to either .litcoffee or .coffee.md and include ...

... in the same directory.

A quick walkthrough

Below, we'll be working through this tutorial.

Preliminaries

We're going to use D3's date-time methods for converting date strings into date objects. Since we're only using this one piece of D3, we've pulled out and rolled our own time component:

d3 = require './d3-time-min.js'

Used below for testing:

{ok, eq, deepEqual} = require 'assert'
isEqual = deepEqual

Convenience method to convert an array of key/value maps to a map (i.e., associative array) for easier testing and reading:

toMap = (arr) ->
  obj = {}
  obj[d.key] = d.value for d in arr
  obj

sample = [ { key: "apple", value: 1 }, { key: "orange", value: 2 } ]

isEqual {apple: 1, orange: 2}, toMap(sample)

For our data records we're going to be working with a list of US Presidents:

var presidents = [
  {
    "number":1,
    "president":"George Washington",
    "birth_year":1732,
    "death_year":1799,
    "took_office":"1789-04-30",
    "left_office":"1797-03-04",
    "party":"No Party"
  },{
  ...
  },{
    "number":44,
    "president":"Barack Obama",
    "birth_year":1961,
    "death_year":null,
    "took_office":"2009-01-20",
    "left_office":null,
    "party":"Democratic"
  }
];

presidents = require './presidents.json'

To do date comparisons we're going to want to convert strings to date objects:

toDate = d3.time.format "%Y-%m-%d"
presidents.forEach (p) -> 
  p.took_office = toDate.parse(p.took_office)
  p.left_office = if p?.left_office \
    then toDate.parse(p.left_office) 
    else null

last = presidents.length - 1

obama = 
  number: 44
  president: 'Barack Obama'
  birth_year: 1961
  death_year: null
  took_office: toDate.parse("2009-01-20")
  left_office: null
  party: 'Democratic'

isEqual presidents[last], obama

First steps

Alrighty, let's use the crossfilter force!

crossfilter = require 'crossfilter'

prez = crossfilter presidents

Check the size of our dataset:

ok prez.size() is 44

Facet presidents by political party:

byParty = prez.dimension (p) -> p.party

parties = byParty.group()

If we group by this dimension we should have six parties total:

ok parties.size() is 6

... viz.:

partyList = (p.key for p in parties.top(Infinity))

isEqual partyList, [ 
  'Republican',
  'Democratic',
  'Whig',
  'Democratic-Republican',
  'Federalist',
  'No Party' 
]

Note how we use the top method, which lists the top k parties in our group (sorted by count in descending order). When we pass Infinity as an argument, all items are returned.

Reducing

The parties grouping can be reduced in a variety of ways. Without an explicit reduction, you get a count of each group by default. That is, each entry in the grouping consists of a key-value pair, where the key is a group name (a party) and the value is the number of items in the group (the number of presidents in that party).

partyCount = toMap parties.all()

expected = 
  Republican: 18
  Democratic: 16
  Whig: 4
  'Democratic-Republican': 4
  Federalist: 1
  'No Party': 1

isEqual expected, partyCount

Now suppose we want to reduce the parties to total years in power. The presidential entries in the provided dataset do not contain an attribute for years in power, only the date they took and left office. These latter dates provide the information needed to calculate a president's years in office:

yearsPrez = (begin, end) ->
  end ?= new Date()
  time = end - begin    # diff in milliseconds
  secs = time / 1000    # seconds in office
  mins = secs / 60
  hours = mins / 60
  days = hours / 24
  years = days / 365
  Math.round years

We can then use this function to reduce our grouping by parties to a sum of the years they held presidential office:

toYearsPrez = (d) -> yearsPrez(d.took_office, d.left_office)

totalYears = toMap parties.reduceSum(toYearsPrez).all()

expected = 
  Democratic: 89
  Republican: 88
  'Democratic-Republican': 28
  Whig: 8
  'No Party': 8
  Federalist: 4

isEqual expected, totalYears

Filtering

Let's filter our presidents by those who ran in the Whig party and display the resulting list of presidents sorted by when they assumed office:

whigs = byParty.filter("Whig").top(Infinity)
sortByNum = crossfilter.quicksort.by (d) -> d.number

result = (p.president for p in sortByNum(whigs, lo=0, hi=whigs.length))

expected = [ 
  'William Henry Harrison',
  'John Tyler'
  'Zachary Taylor'
  'Millard Fillmore'
]

isEqual result, expected

Note that we have to sort the resulting whigs list above since the only order on this dimension is by party, whereas we want the final list to be sorted by presidential number.

OK, let's get all parties back:

byParty.filterAll()

Coordinated Views

We can of course add a second dimension to work in conjunction with the first.

Let's create a dimension for the year a president took office ...

byDate = prez.dimension (p) -> p.took_office

... and filter out presidents starting before 1900:

dateRange = [new Date(1900, 1, 1), Infinity]

byDate.filter dateRange

We should find that there are 19 presidents that have taken office after 1900:

modernPrez = byDate.bottom(Infinity)
ok 19 is modernPrez.length

... the first being ...

ok modernPrez[0].president is 'Theodore Roosevelt'

Note how parties (our byParty dimension) was also updated:

partyYears = toMap parties.all()

expected = 
  Republican: 59
  Democratic: 53
  Federalist: 0
  Whig: 0
  'No Party': 0
  'Democratic-Republican': 0

partyCount = toMap parties.reduceCount().all()

expected = 
  Republican: 11
  Democratic: 8
  Federalist: 0
  Whig: 0
  'No Party': 0
  'Democratic-Republican': 0

isEqual partyCount, expected
Raw
d3-time-min.js
d3=function(){var d3={version:"3.3.9"};var d3_time=d3.time={},d3_date=Date,d3_time_daySymbols=["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"];function d3_date_utc(){this._=new Date(arguments.length>1?Date.UTC.apply(this,arguments):arguments[0])}d3_date_utc.prototype={getDate:function(){return this._.getUTCDate()},getDay:function(){return this._.getUTCDay()},getFullYear:function(){return this._.getUTCFullYear()},getHours:function(){return this._.getUTCHours()},getMilliseconds:function(){return this._.getUTCMilliseconds()},getMinutes:function(){return this._.getUTCMinutes()},getMonth:function(){return this._.getUTCMonth()},getSeconds:function(){return this._.getUTCSeconds()},getTime:function(){return this._.getTime()},getTimezoneOffset:function(){return 0},valueOf:function(){return this._.valueOf()},setDate:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCDate.apply(this._,arguments)},setDay:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCDay.apply(this._,arguments)},setFullYear:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCFullYear.apply(this._,arguments)},setHours:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCHours.apply(this._,arguments)},setMilliseconds:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCMilliseconds.apply(this._,arguments)},setMinutes:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCMinutes.apply(this._,arguments)},setMonth:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCMonth.apply(this._,arguments)},setSeconds:function(){d3_time_prototype.setUTCSeconds.apply(this._,arguments)},setTime:function(){d3_time_prototype.setTime.apply(this._,arguments)}};var d3_time_prototype=Date.prototype;function d3_time_interval(local,step,number){function round(date){var d0=local(date),d1=offset(d0,1);return date-d0<d1-date?d0:d1}function ceil(date){step(date=local(new d3_date(date-1)),1);return date}function offset(date,k){step(date=new d3_date(+date),k);return date}function range(t0,t1,dt){var time=ceil(t0),times=[];if(dt>1){while(time<t1){if(!(number(time)%dt))times.push(new Date(+time));step(time,1)}}else{while(time<t1)times.push(new Date(+time)),step(time,1)}return times}function range_utc(t0,t1,dt){try{d3_date=d3_date_utc;var utc=new d3_date_utc;utc._=t0;return range(utc,t1,dt)}finally{d3_date=Date}}local.floor=local;local.round=round;local.ceil=ceil;local.offset=offset;local.range=range;var utc=local.utc=d3_time_interval_utc(local);utc.floor=utc;utc.round=d3_time_interval_utc(round);utc.ceil=d3_time_interval_utc(ceil);utc.offset=d3_time_interval_utc(offset);utc.range=range_utc;return local}function d3_time_interval_utc(method){return function(date,k){try{d3_date=d3_date_utc;var utc=new d3_date_utc;utc._=date;return method(utc,k)._}finally{d3_date=Date}}}d3_time.year=d3_time_interval(function(date){date=d3_time.day(date);date.setMonth(0,1);return date},function(date,offset){date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear()+offset)},function(date){return date.getFullYear()});d3_time.years=d3_time.year.range;d3_time.years.utc=d3_time.year.utc.range;d3_time.day=d3_time_interval(function(date){var day=new d3_date(2e3,0);day.setFullYear(date.getFullYear(),date.getMonth(),date.getDate());return day},function(date,offset){date.setDate(date.getDate()+offset)},function(date){return date.getDate()-1});d3_time.days=d3_time.day.range;d3_time.days.utc=d3_time.day.utc.range;d3_time.dayOfYear=function(date){var year=d3_time.year(date);return Math.floor((date-year-(date.getTimezoneOffset()-year.getTimezoneOffset())*6e4)/864e5)};function d3_class(ctor,properties){try{for(var key in properties){Object.defineProperty(ctor.prototype,key,{value:properties[key],enumerable:false})}}catch(e){ctor.prototype=properties}}d3.map=function(object){var map=new d3_Map;if(object instanceof d3_Map)object.forEach(function(key,value){map.set(key,value)});else for(var key in object)map.set(key,object[key]);return map};function d3_Map(){}d3_class(d3_Map,{has:function(key){return d3_map_prefix+key in this},get:function(key){return this[d3_map_prefix+key]},set:function(key,value){return this[d3_map_prefix+key]=value},remove:function(key){key=d3_map_prefix+key;return key in this&&delete this[key]},keys:function(){var keys=[];this.forEach(function(key){keys.push(key)});return keys},values:function(){var values=[];this.forEach(function(key,value){values.push(value)});return values},entries:function(){var entries=[];this.forEach(function(key,value){entries.push({key:key,value:value})});return entries},forEach:function(f){for(var key in this){if(key.charCodeAt(0)===d3_map_prefixCode){f.call(this,key.substring(1),this[key])}}}});var d3_map_prefix="\x00",d3_map_prefixCode=d3_map_prefix.charCodeAt(0);d3.requote=function(s){return s.replace(d3_requote_re,"\\$&")};var d3_requote_re=/[\\\^\$\*\+\?\|\[\]\(\)\.\{\}]/g;var abs=Math.abs;var d3_time_formatDateTime="%a %b %e %X %Y",d3_time_formatDate="%m/%d/%Y",d3_time_formatTime="%H:%M:%S";var d3_time_days=["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],d3_time_dayAbbreviations=["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],d3_time_months=["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],d3_time_monthAbbreviations=["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"];d3_time_daySymbols.forEach(function(day,i){day=day.toLowerCase();i=7-i;var interval=d3_time[day]=d3_time_interval(function(date){(date=d3_time.day(date)).setDate(date.getDate()-(date.getDay()+i)%7);return date},function(date,offset){date.setDate(date.getDate()+Math.floor(offset)*7)},function(date){var day=d3_time.year(date).getDay();return Math.floor((d3_time.dayOfYear(date)+(day+i)%7)/7)-(day!==i)});d3_time[day+"s"]=interval.range;d3_time[day+"s"].utc=interval.utc.range;d3_time[day+"OfYear"]=function(date){var day=d3_time.year(date).getDay();return Math.floor((d3_time.dayOfYear(date)+(day+i)%7)/7)}});d3_time.week=d3_time.sunday;d3_time.weeks=d3_time.sunday.range;d3_time.weeks.utc=d3_time.sunday.utc.range;d3_time.weekOfYear=d3_time.sundayOfYear;d3_time.format=d3_time_format;function d3_time_format(template){var n=template.length;function format(date){var string=[],i=-1,j=0,c,p,f;while(++i<n){if(template.charCodeAt(i)===37){string.push(template.substring(j,i));if((p=d3_time_formatPads[c=template.charAt(++i)])!=null)c=template.charAt(++i);if(f=d3_time_formats[c])c=f(date,p==null?c==="e"?" ":"0":p);string.push(c);j=i+1}}string.push(template.substring(j,i));return string.join("")}format.parse=function(string){var d={y:1900,m:0,d:1,H:0,M:0,S:0,L:0,Z:null},i=d3_time_parse(d,template,string,0);if(i!=string.length)return null;if("p"in d)d.H=d.H%12+d.p*12;var localZ=d.Z!=null&&d3_date!==d3_date_utc,date=new(localZ?d3_date_utc:d3_date);if("j"in d)date.setFullYear(d.y,0,d.j);else if("w"in d&&("W"in d||"U"in d)){date.setFullYear(d.y,0,1);date.setFullYear(d.y,0,"W"in d?(d.w+6)%7+d.W*7-(date.getDay()+5)%7:d.w+d.U*7-(date.getDay()+6)%7)}else date.setFullYear(d.y,d.m,d.d);date.setHours(d.H+Math.floor(d.Z/100),d.M+d.Z%100,d.S,d.L);return localZ?date._:date};format.toString=function(){return template};return format}function d3_time_parse(date,template,string,j){var c,p,t,i=0,n=template.length,m=string.length;while(i<n){if(j>=m)return-1;c=template.charCodeAt(i++);if(c===37){t=template.charAt(i++);p=d3_time_parsers[t in d3_time_formatPads?template.charAt(i++):t];if(!p||(j=p(date,string,j))<0)return-1}else if(c!=string.charCodeAt(j++)){return-1}}return j}function d3_time_formatRe(names){return new RegExp("^(?:"+names.map(d3.requote).join("|")+")","i")}function d3_time_formatLookup(names){var map=new d3_Map,i=-1,n=names.length;while(++i<n)map.set(names[i].toLowerCase(),i);return map}function d3_time_formatPad(value,fill,width){var sign=value<0?"-":"",string=(sign?-value:value)+"",length=string.length;return sign+(length<width?new Array(width-length+1).join(fill)+string:string)}var d3_time_dayRe=d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_days),d3_time_dayLookup=d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_days),d3_time_dayAbbrevRe=d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_dayAbbreviations),d3_time_dayAbbrevLookup=d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_dayAbbreviations),d3_time_monthRe=d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_months),d3_time_monthLookup=d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_months),d3_time_monthAbbrevRe=d3_time_formatRe(d3_time_monthAbbreviations),d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup=d3_time_formatLookup(d3_time_monthAbbreviations),d3_time_percentRe=/^%/;var d3_time_formatPads={"-":"",_:" ",0:"0"};var d3_time_formats={a:function(d){return d3_time_dayAbbreviations[d.getDay()]},A:function(d){return d3_time_days[d.getDay()]},b:function(d){return d3_time_monthAbbreviations[d.getMonth()]},B:function(d){return d3_time_months[d.getMonth()]},c:d3_time_format(d3_time_formatDateTime),d:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getDate(),p,2)},e:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getDate(),p,2)},H:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getHours(),p,2)},I:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getHours()%12||12,p,2)},j:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(1+d3_time.dayOfYear(d),p,3)},L:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getMilliseconds(),p,3)},m:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getMonth()+1,p,2)},M:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getMinutes(),p,2)},p:function(d){return d.getHours()>=12?"PM":"AM"},S:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getSeconds(),p,2)},U:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d3_time.sundayOfYear(d),p,2)},w:function(d){return d.getDay()},W:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d3_time.mondayOfYear(d),p,2)},x:d3_time_format(d3_time_formatDate),X:d3_time_format(d3_time_formatTime),y:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getFullYear()%100,p,2)},Y:function(d,p){return d3_time_formatPad(d.getFullYear()%1e4,p,4)},Z:d3_time_zone,"%":function(){return"%"}};var d3_time_parsers={a:d3_time_parseWeekdayAbbrev,A:d3_time_parseWeekday,b:d3_time_parseMonthAbbrev,B:d3_time_parseMonth,c:d3_time_parseLocaleFull,d:d3_time_parseDay,e:d3_time_parseDay,H:d3_time_parseHour24,I:d3_time_parseHour24,j:d3_time_parseDayOfYear,L:d3_time_parseMilliseconds,m:d3_time_parseMonthNumber,M:d3_time_parseMinutes,p:d3_time_parseAmPm,S:d3_time_parseSeconds,U:d3_time_parseWeekNumberSunday,w:d3_time_parseWeekdayNumber,W:d3_time_parseWeekNumberMonday,x:d3_time_parseLocaleDate,X:d3_time_parseLocaleTime,y:d3_time_parseYear,Y:d3_time_parseFullYear,Z:d3_time_parseZone,"%":d3_time_parseLiteralPercent};function d3_time_parseWeekdayAbbrev(date,string,i){d3_time_dayAbbrevRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_dayAbbrevRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.w=d3_time_dayAbbrevLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()),i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseWeekday(date,string,i){d3_time_dayRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_dayRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.w=d3_time_dayLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()),i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseWeekdayNumber(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+1));return n?(date.w=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseWeekNumberSunday(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.U=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseWeekNumberMonday(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.W=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseMonthAbbrev(date,string,i){d3_time_monthAbbrevRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_monthAbbrevRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.m=d3_time_monthAbbrevLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()),i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseMonth(date,string,i){d3_time_monthRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_monthRe.exec(string.substring(i));return n?(date.m=d3_time_monthLookup.get(n[0].toLowerCase()),i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseLocaleFull(date,string,i){return d3_time_parse(date,d3_time_formats.c.toString(),string,i)}function d3_time_parseLocaleDate(date,string,i){return d3_time_parse(date,d3_time_formats.x.toString(),string,i)}function d3_time_parseLocaleTime(date,string,i){return d3_time_parse(date,d3_time_formats.X.toString(),string,i)}function d3_time_parseFullYear(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+4));return n?(date.y=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseYear(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.y=d3_time_expandYear(+n[0]),i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseZone(date,string,i){return/^[+-]\d{4}$/.test(string=string.substring(i,i+5))?(date.Z=+string,i+5):-1}function d3_time_expandYear(d){return d+(d>68?1900:2e3)}function d3_time_parseMonthNumber(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.m=n[0]-1,i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseDay(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.d=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseDayOfYear(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+3));return n?(date.j=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseHour24(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.H=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseMinutes(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.M=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseSeconds(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+2));return n?(date.S=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}function d3_time_parseMilliseconds(date,string,i){d3_time_numberRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_numberRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+3));return n?(date.L=+n[0],i+n[0].length):-1}var d3_time_numberRe=/^\s*\d+/;function d3_time_parseAmPm(date,string,i){var n=d3_time_amPmLookup.get(string.substring(i,i+=2).toLowerCase());return n==null?-1:(date.p=n,i)}var d3_time_amPmLookup=d3.map({am:0,pm:1});function d3_time_zone(d){var z=d.getTimezoneOffset(),zs=z>0?"-":"+",zh=~~(abs(z)/60),zm=abs(z)%60;return zs+d3_time_formatPad(zh,"0",2)+d3_time_formatPad(zm,"0",2)}function d3_time_parseLiteralPercent(date,string,i){d3_time_percentRe.lastIndex=0;var n=d3_time_percentRe.exec(string.substring(i,i+1));return n?i+n[0].length:-1}d3_time_format.utc=d3_time_formatUtc;function d3_time_formatUtc(template){var local=d3_time_format(template);function format(date){try{d3_date=d3_date_utc;var utc=new d3_date;utc._=date;return local(utc)}finally{d3_date=Date}}format.parse=function(string){try{d3_date=d3_date_utc;var date=local.parse(string);return date&&date._}finally{d3_date=Date}};format.toString=local.toString;return format}var d3_time_formatIso=d3_time_formatUtc("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%LZ");d3_time_format.iso=Date.prototype.toISOString&&+new Date("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")?d3_time_formatIsoNative:d3_time_formatIso;function d3_time_formatIsoNative(date){return date.toISOString()}d3_time_formatIsoNative.parse=function(string){var date=new Date(string);return isNaN(date)?null:date};d3_time_formatIsoNative.toString=d3_time_formatIso.toString;d3_time.hour=d3_time_interval(function(date){var timezone=date.getTimezoneOffset()/60;return new d3_date((Math.floor(date/36e5-timezone)+timezone)*36e5)},function(date,offset){date.setTime(date.getTime()+Math.floor(offset)*36e5)},function(date){return date.getHours()});d3_time.hours=d3_time.hour.range;d3_time.hours.utc=d3_time.hour.utc.range;d3_time.second=d3_time_interval(function(date){return new d3_date(Math.floor(date/1e3)*1e3)},function(date,offset){date.setTime(date.getTime()+Math.floor(offset)*1e3)},function(date){return date.getSeconds()});d3_time.seconds=d3_time.second.range;d3_time.seconds.utc=d3_time.second.utc.range;d3_time.minute=d3_time_interval(function(date){return new d3_date(Math.floor(date/6e4)*6e4)},function(date,offset){date.setTime(date.getTime()+Math.floor(offset)*6e4)},function(date){return date.getMinutes()});d3_time.minutes=d3_time.minute.range;d3_time.minutes.utc=d3_time.minute.utc.range;d3_time.month=d3_time_interval(function(date){date=d3_time.day(date);date.setDate(1);return date},function(date,offset){date.setMonth(date.getMonth()+offset)},function(date){return date.getMonth()});d3_time.months=d3_time.month.range;d3_time.months.utc=d3_time.month.utc.range;d3.bisector=function(f){return{left:function(a,x,lo,hi){if(arguments.length<3)lo=0;if(arguments.length<4)hi=a.length;while(lo<hi){var mid=lo+hi>>>1;if(f.call(a,a[mid],mid)<x)lo=mid+1;else hi=mid}return lo},right:function(a,x,lo,hi){if(arguments.length<3)lo=0;if(arguments.length<4)hi=a.length;while(lo<hi){var mid=lo+hi>>>1;if(x<f.call(a,a[mid],mid))hi=mid;else lo=mid+1}return lo}}};var d3_bisector=d3.bisector(function(d){return d});d3.bisectLeft=d3_bisector.left;d3.bisect=d3.bisectRight=d3_bisector.right;d3.range=function(start,stop,step){if(arguments.length<3){step=1;if(arguments.length<2){stop=start;start=0}}if((stop-start)/step===Infinity)throw new Error("infinite range");var range=[],k=d3_range_integerScale(abs(step)),i=-1,j;start*=k,stop*=k,step*=k;if(step<0)while((j=start+step*++i)>stop)range.push(j/k);else while((j=start+step*++i)<stop)range.push(j/k);return range};function d3_range_integerScale(x){var k=1;while(x*k%1)k*=10;return k}d3.rebind=function(target,source){var i=1,n=arguments.length,method;while(++i<n)target[method=arguments[i]]=d3_rebind(target,source,source[method]);return target};function d3_rebind(target,source,method){return function(){var value=method.apply(source,arguments);return value===source?target:value}}function d3_true(){return true}function d3_Color(){}d3_Color.prototype.toString=function(){return this.rgb()+""};d3.hsl=function(h,s,l){return arguments.length===1?h instanceof d3_Hsl?d3_hsl(h.h,h.s,h.l):d3_rgb_parse(""+h,d3_rgb_hsl,d3_hsl):d3_hsl(+h,+s,+l)};function d3_hsl(h,s,l){return new d3_Hsl(h,s,l)}function d3_Hsl(h,s,l){this.h=h;this.s=s;this.l=l}var d3_hslPrototype=d3_Hsl.prototype=new d3_Color;d3_hslPrototype.brighter=function(k){k=Math.pow(.7,arguments.length?k:1);return d3_hsl(this.h,this.s,this.l/k)};d3_hslPrototype.darker=function(k){k=Math.pow(.7,arguments.length?k:1);return d3_hsl(this.h,this.s,k*this.l)};d3_hslPrototype.rgb=function(){return d3_hsl_rgb(this.h,this.s,this.l)};function d3_hsl_rgb(h,s,l){var m1,m2;h=isNaN(h)?0:(h%=360)<0?h+360:h;s=isNaN(s)?0:s<0?0:s>1?1:s;l=l<0?0:l>1?1:l;m2=l<=.5?l*(1+s):l+s-l*s;m1=2*l-m2;function v(h){if(h>360)h-=360;else if(h<0)h+=360;if(h<60)return m1+(m2-m1)*h/60;if(h<180)return m2;if(h<240)return m1+(m2-m1)*(240-h)/60;return m1}function vv(h){return Math.round(v(h)*255)}return d3_rgb(vv(h+120),vv(h),vv(h-120))}var π=Math.PI,τ=2*π,halfπ=π/2,ε=1e-6,ε2=ε*ε,d3_radians=π/180,d3_degrees=180/π;function d3_sgn(x){return x>0?1:x<0?-1:0}function d3_acos(x){return x>1?0:x<-1?π:Math.acos(x)}function d3_asin(x){return x>1?halfπ:x<-1?-halfπ:Math.asin(x)}function d3_sinh(x){return((x=Math.exp(x))-1/x)/2}function d3_cosh(x){return((x=Math.exp(x))+1/x)/2}function d3_tanh(x){return((x=Math.exp(2*x))-1)/(x+1)}function d3_haversin(x){return(x=Math.sin(x/2))*x}d3.hcl=function(h,c,l){return arguments.length===1?h instanceof d3_Hcl?d3_hcl(h.h,h.c,h.l):h instanceof d3_Lab?d3_lab_hcl(h.l,h.a,h.b):d3_lab_hcl((h=d3_rgb_lab((h=d3.rgb(h)).r,h.g,h.b)).l,h.a,h.b):d3_hcl(+h,+c,+l)};function d3_hcl(h,c,l){return new d3_Hcl(h,c,l)}function d3_Hcl(h,c,l){this.h=h;this.c=c;this.l=l}var d3_hclPrototype=d3_Hcl.prototype=new d3_Color;d3_hclPrototype.brighter=function(k){return d3_hcl(this.h,this.c,Math.min(100,this.l+d3_lab_K*(arguments.length?k:1)))};d3_hclPrototype.darker=function(k){return d3_hcl(this.h,this.c,Math.max(0,this.l-d3_lab_K*(arguments.length?k:1)))};d3_hclPrototype.rgb=function(){return d3_hcl_lab(this.h,this.c,this.l).rgb()};function d3_hcl_lab(h,c,l){if(isNaN(h))h=0;if(isNaN(c))c=0;return d3_lab(l,Math.cos(h*=d3_radians)*c,Math.sin(h)*c)}d3.lab=function(l,a,b){return arguments.length===1?l instanceof d3_Lab?d3_lab(l.l,l.a,l.b):l instanceof d3_Hcl?d3_hcl_lab(l.l,l.c,l.h):d3_rgb_lab((l=d3.rgb(l)).r,l.g,l.b):d3_lab(+l,+a,+b)};function d3_lab(l,a,b){return new d3_Lab(l,a,b)}function d3_Lab(l,a,b){this.l=l;this.a=a;this.b=b}var d3_lab_K=18;var d3_lab_X=.95047,d3_lab_Y=1,d3_lab_Z=1.08883;var d3_labPrototype=d3_Lab.prototype=new d3_Color;d3_labPrototype.brighter=function(k){return d3_lab(Math.min(100,this.l+d3_lab_K*(arguments.length?k:1)),this.a,this.b)};d3_labPrototype.darker=function(k){return d3_lab(Math.max(0,this.l-d3_lab_K*(arguments.length?k:1)),this.a,this.b)};d3_labPrototype.rgb=function(){return d3_lab_rgb(this.l,this.a,this.b)};function d3_lab_rgb(l,a,b){var y=(l+16)/116,x=y+a/500,z=y-b/200;x=d3_lab_xyz(x)*d3_lab_X;y=d3_lab_xyz(y)*d3_lab_Y;z=d3_lab_xyz(z)*d3_lab_Z;return d3_rgb(d3_xyz_rgb(3.2404542*x-1.5371385*y-.4985314*z),d3_xyz_rgb(-.969266*x+1.8760108*y+.041556*z),d3_xyz_rgb(.0556434*x-.2040259*y+1.0572252*z))}function d3_lab_hcl(l,a,b){return l>0?d3_hcl(Math.atan2(b,a)*d3_degrees,Math.sqrt(a*a+b*b),l):d3_hcl(NaN,NaN,l)}function d3_lab_xyz(x){return x>.206893034?x*x*x:(x-4/29)/7.787037}function d3_xyz_lab(x){return x>.008856?Math.pow(x,1/3):7.787037*x+4/29}function d3_xyz_rgb(r){return Math.round(255*(r<=.00304?12.92*r:1.055*Math.pow(r,1/2.4)-.055))}d3.rgb=function(r,g,b){return arguments.length===1?r instanceof d3_Rgb?d3_rgb(r.r,r.g,r.b):d3_rgb_parse(""+r,d3_rgb,d3_hsl_rgb):d3_rgb(~~r,~~g,~~b)};function d3_rgbNumber(value){return d3_rgb(value>>16,value>>8&255,value&255)}function d3_rgbString(value){return d3_rgbNumber(value)+""}function d3_rgb(r,g,b){return new d3_Rgb(r,g,b)}function d3_Rgb(r,g,b){this.r=r;this.g=g;this.b=b}var d3_rgbPrototype=d3_Rgb.prototype=new d3_Color;d3_rgbPrototype.brighter=function(k){k=Math.pow(.7,arguments.length?k:1);var r=this.r,g=this.g,b=this.b,i=30;if(!r&&!g&&!b)return d3_rgb(i,i,i);if(r&&r<i)r=i;if(g&&g<i)g=i;if(b&&b<i)b=i;return d3_rgb(Math.min(255,~~(r/k)),Math.min(255,~~(g/k)),Math.min(255,~~(b/k)))};d3_rgbPrototype.darker=function(k){k=Math.pow(.7,arguments.length?k:1);return d3_rgb(~~(k*this.r),~~(k*this.g),~~(k*this.b))};d3_rgbPrototype.hsl=function(){return d3_rgb_hsl(this.r,this.g,this.b)};d3_rgbPrototype.toString=function(){return"#"+d3_rgb_hex(this.r)+d3_rgb_hex(this.g)+d3_rgb_hex(this.b)};function d3_rgb_hex(v){return v<16?"0"+Math.max(0,v).toString(16):Math.min(255,v).toString(16)}function d3_rgb_parse(format,rgb,hsl){var r=0,g=0,b=0,m1,m2,name;m1=/([a-z]+)\((.*)\)/i.exec(format);if(m1){m2=m1[2].split(",");switch(m1[1]){case"hsl":{return hsl(parseFloat(m2[0]),parseFloat(m2[1])/100,parseFloat(m2[2])/100)}case"rgb":{return rgb(d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[0]),d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[1]),d3_rgb_parseNumber(m2[2]))}}}if(name=d3_rgb_names.get(format))return rgb(name.r,name.g,name.b);if(format!=null&&format.charAt(0)==="#"){if(format.length===4){r=format.charAt(1);r+=r;g=format.charAt(2);g+=g;b=format.charAt(3);b+=b}else if(format.length===7){r=format.substring(1,3);g=format.substring(3,5);b=format.substring(5,7)}r=parseInt(r,16);g=parseInt(g,16);b=parseInt(b,16)}return rgb(r,g,b)}function d3_rgb_hsl(r,g,b){var min=Math.min(r/=255,g/=255,b/=255),max=Math.max(r,g,b),d=max-min,h,s,l=(max+min)/2;if(d){s=l<.5?d/(max+min):d/(2-max-min);if(r==max)h=(g-b)/d+(g<b?6:0);else if(g==max)h=(b-r)/d+2;else h=(r-g)/d+4;h*=60}else{h=NaN;s=l>0&&l<1?0:h}return d3_hsl(h,s,l)}function d3_rgb_lab(r,g,b){r=d3_rgb_xyz(r);g=d3_rgb_xyz(g);b=d3_rgb_xyz(b);var x=d3_xyz_lab((.4124564*r+.3575761*g+.1804375*b)/d3_lab_X),y=d3_xyz_lab((.2126729*r+.7151522*g+.072175*b)/d3_lab_Y),z=d3_xyz_lab((.0193339*r+.119192*g+.9503041*b)/d3_lab_Z);return d3_lab(116*y-16,500*(x-y),200*(y-z))}function d3_rgb_xyz(r){return(r/=255)<=.04045?r/12.92:Math.pow((r+.055)/1.055,2.4)}function d3_rgb_parseNumber(c){var f=parseFloat(c);return c.charAt(c.length-1)==="%"?Math.round(f*2.55):f}var d3_rgb_names=d3.map({aliceblue:15792383,antiquewhite:16444375,aqua:65535,aquamarine:8388564,azure:15794175,beige:16119260,bisque:16770244,black:0,blanchedalmond:16772045,blue:255,blueviolet:9055202,brown:10824234,burlywood:14596231,cadetblue:6266528,chartreuse:8388352,chocolate:13789470,coral:16744272,cornflowerblue:6591981,cornsilk:16775388,crimson:14423100,cyan:65535,darkblue:139,darkcyan:35723,darkgoldenrod:12092939,darkgray:11119017,darkgreen:25600,darkgrey:11119017,darkkhaki:12433259,darkmagenta:9109643,darkolivegreen:5597999,darkorange:16747520,darkorchid:10040012,darkred:9109504,darksalmon:15308410,darkseagreen:9419919,darkslateblue:4734347,darkslategray:3100495,darkslategrey:3100495,darkturquoise:52945,darkviolet:9699539,deeppink:16716947,deepskyblue:49151,dimgray:6908265,dimgrey:6908265,dodgerblue:2003199,firebrick:11674146,floralwhite:16775920,forestgreen:2263842,fuchsia:16711935,gainsboro:14474460,ghostwhite:16316671,gold:16766720,goldenrod:14329120,gray:8421504,green:32768,greenyellow:11403055,grey:8421504,honeydew:15794160,hotpink:16738740,indianred:13458524,indigo:4915330,ivory:16777200,khaki:15787660,lavender:15132410,lavenderblush:16773365,lawngreen:8190976,lemonchiffon:16775885,lightblue:11393254,lightcoral:15761536,lightcyan:14745599,lightgoldenrodyellow:16448210,lightgray:13882323,lightgreen:9498256,lightgrey:13882323,lightpink:16758465,lightsalmon:16752762,lightseagreen:2142890,lightskyblue:8900346,lightslategray:7833753,lightslategrey:7833753,lightsteelblue:11584734,lightyellow:16777184,lime:65280,limegreen:3329330,linen:16445670,magenta:16711935,maroon:8388608,mediumaquamarine:6737322,mediumblue:205,mediumorchid:12211667,mediumpurple:9662683,mediumseagreen:3978097,mediumslateblue:8087790,mediumspringgreen:64154,mediumturquoise:4772300,mediumvioletred:13047173,midnightblue:1644912,mintcream:16121850,mistyrose:16770273,moccasin:16770229,navajowhite:16768685,navy:128,oldlace:16643558,olive:8421376,olivedrab:7048739,orange:16753920,orangered:16729344,orchid:14315734,palegoldenrod:15657130,palegreen:10025880,paleturquoise:11529966,palevioletred:14381203,papayawhip:16773077,peachpuff:16767673,peru:13468991,pink:16761035,plum:14524637,powderblue:11591910,purple:8388736,red:16711680,rosybrown:12357519,royalblue:4286945,saddlebrown:9127187,salmon:16416882,sandybrown:16032864,seagreen:3050327,seashell:16774638,sienna:10506797,silver:12632256,skyblue:8900331,slateblue:6970061,slategray:7372944,slategrey:7372944,snow:16775930,springgreen:65407,steelblue:4620980,tan:13808780,teal:32896,thistle:14204888,tomato:16737095,turquoise:4251856,violet:15631086,wheat:16113331,white:16777215,whitesmoke:16119285,yellow:16776960,yellowgreen:10145074});d3_rgb_names.forEach(function(key,value){d3_rgb_names.set(key,d3_rgbNumber(value))});d3.interpolateRgb=d3_interpolateRgb;function d3_interpolateRgb(a,b){a=d3.rgb(a);b=d3.rgb(b);var ar=a.r,ag=a.g,ab=a.b,br=b.r-ar,bg=b.g-ag,bb=b.b-ab;return function(t){return"#"+d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ar+br*t))+d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ag+bg*t))+d3_rgb_hex(Math.round(ab+bb*t))}}d3.interpolateObject=d3_interpolateObject;function d3_interpolateObject(a,b){var i={},c={},k;for(k in a){if(k in b){i[k]=d3_interpolate(a[k],b[k])}else{c[k]=a[k]}}for(k in b){if(!(k in a)){c[k]=b[k]}}return function(t){for(k in i)c[k]=i[k](t);return c}}d3.interpolateArray=d3_interpolateArray;function d3_interpolateArray(a,b){var x=[],c=[],na=a.length,nb=b.length,n0=Math.min(a.length,b.length),i;for(i=0;i<n0;++i)x.push(d3_interpolate(a[i],b[i]));for(;i<na;++i)c[i]=a[i];for(;i<nb;++i)c[i]=b[i];return function(t){for(i=0;i<n0;++i)c[i]=x[i](t);return c}}d3.interpolateNumber=d3_interpolateNumber;function d3_interpolateNumber(a,b){b-=a=+a;return function(t){return a+b*t}}d3.interpolateString=d3_interpolateString;function d3_interpolateString(a,b){var m,i,j,s0=0,s1=0,s=[],q=[],n,o;a=a+"",b=b+"";d3_interpolate_number.lastIndex=0;for(i=0;m=d3_interpolate_number.exec(b);++i){if(m.index)s.push(b.substring(s0,s1=m.index));q.push({i:s.length,x:m[0]});s.push(null);s0=d3_interpolate_number.lastIndex}if(s0<b.length)s.push(b.substring(s0));for(i=0,n=q.length;(m=d3_interpolate_number.exec(a))&&i<n;++i){o=q[i];if(o.x==m[0]){if(o.i){if(s[o.i+1]==null){s[o.i-1]+=o.x;s.splice(o.i,1);for(j=i+1;j<n;++j)q[j].i--}else{s[o.i-1]+=o.x+s[o.i+1];s.splice(o.i,2);for(j=i+1;j<n;++j)q[j].i-=2}}else{if(s[o.i+1]==null){s[o.i]=o.x}else{s[o.i]=o.x+s[o.i+1];s.splice(o.i+1,1);for(j=i+1;j<n;++j)q[j].i--}}q.splice(i,1);n--;i--}else{o.x=d3_interpolateNumber(parseFloat(m[0]),parseFloat(o.x))}}while(i<n){o=q.pop();if(s[o.i+1]==null){s[o.i]=o.x}else{s[o.i]=o.x+s[o.i+1];s.splice(o.i+1,1)}n--}if(s.length===1){return s[0]==null?(o=q[0].x,function(t){return o(t)+""}):function(){return b}}return function(t){for(i=0;i<n;++i)s[(o=q[i]).i]=o.x(t);return s.join("")}}var d3_interpolate_number=/[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g;d3.interpolate=d3_interpolate;function d3_interpolate(a,b){var i=d3.interpolators.length,f;while(--i>=0&&!(f=d3.interpolators[i](a,b)));return f}d3.interpolators=[function(a,b){var t=typeof b;return(t==="string"?d3_rgb_names.has(b)||/^(#|rgb\(|hsl\()/.test(b)?d3_interpolateRgb:d3_interpolateString:b instanceof d3_Color?d3_interpolateRgb:t==="object"?Array.isArray(b)?d3_interpolateArray:d3_interpolateObject:d3_interpolateNumber)(a,b)}];d3.interpolateRound=d3_interpolateRound;function d3_interpolateRound(a,b){b-=a;return function(t){return Math.round(a+b*t)}}function d3_uninterpolateNumber(a,b){b=b-(a=+a)?1/(b-a):0;return function(x){return(x-a)*b}}function d3_uninterpolateClamp(a,b){b=b-(a=+a)?1/(b-a):0;return function(x){return Math.max(0,Math.min(1,(x-a)*b))}}function d3_identity(d){return d}var d3_format_decimalPoint=".",d3_format_thousandsSeparator=",",d3_format_grouping=[3,3],d3_format_currencySymbol="$";var d3_formatPrefixes=["y","z","a","f","p","n","µ","m","","k","M","G","T","P","E","Z","Y"].map(d3_formatPrefix);d3.formatPrefix=function(value,precision){var i=0;if(value){if(value<0)value*=-1;if(precision)value=d3.round(value,d3_format_precision(value,precision));i=1+Math.floor(1e-12+Math.log(value)/Math.LN10);i=Math.max(-24,Math.min(24,Math.floor((i<=0?i+1:i-1)/3)*3))}return d3_formatPrefixes[8+i/3]};function d3_formatPrefix(d,i){var k=Math.pow(10,abs(8-i)*3);return{scale:i>8?function(d){return d/k}:function(d){return d*k},symbol:d}}d3.round=function(x,n){return n?Math.round(x*(n=Math.pow(10,n)))/n:Math.round(x)};d3.format=function(specifier){var match=d3_format_re.exec(specifier),fill=match[1]||" ",align=match[2]||">",sign=match[3]||"",symbol=match[4]||"",zfill=match[5],width=+match[6],comma=match[7],precision=match[8],type=match[9],scale=1,suffix="",integer=false;if(precision)precision=+precision.substring(1);if(zfill||fill==="0"&&align==="="){zfill=fill="0";align="=";if(comma)width-=Math.floor((width-1)/4)}switch(type){case"n":comma=true;type="g";break;case"%":scale=100;suffix="%";type="f";break;case"p":scale=100;suffix="%";type="r";break;case"b":case"o":case"x":case"X":if(symbol==="#")symbol="0"+type.toLowerCase();case"c":case"d":integer=true;precision=0;break;case"s":scale=-1;type="r";break}if(symbol==="#")symbol="";else if(symbol==="$")symbol=d3_format_currencySymbol;if(type=="r"&&!precision)type="g";if(precision!=null){if(type=="g")precision=Math.max(1,Math.min(21,precision));else if(type=="e"||type=="f")precision=Math.max(0,Math.min(20,precision))}type=d3_format_types.get(type)||d3_format_typeDefault;var zcomma=zfill&&comma;return function(value){if(integer&&value%1)return"";var negative=value<0||value===0&&1/value<0?(value=-value,"-"):sign;if(scale<0){var prefix=d3.formatPrefix(value,precision);value=prefix.scale(value);suffix=prefix.symbol}else{value*=scale}value=type(value,precision);var i=value.lastIndexOf("."),before=i<0?value:value.substring(0,i),after=i<0?"":d3_format_decimalPoint+value.substring(i+1);if(!zfill&&comma)before=d3_format_group(before);var length=symbol.length+before.length+after.length+(zcomma?0:negative.length),padding=length<width?new Array(length=width-length+1).join(fill):"";if(zcomma)before=d3_format_group(padding+before);negative+=symbol;value=before+after;return(align==="<"?negative+value+padding:align===">"?padding+negative+value:align==="^"?padding.substring(0,length>>=1)+negative+value+padding.substring(length):negative+(zcomma?value:padding+value))+suffix
}};var d3_format_re=/(?:([^{])?([<>=^]))?([+\- ])?([$#])?(0)?(\d+)?(,)?(\.-?\d+)?([a-z%])?/i;var d3_format_types=d3.map({b:function(x){return x.toString(2)},c:function(x){return String.fromCharCode(x)},o:function(x){return x.toString(8)},x:function(x){return x.toString(16)},X:function(x){return x.toString(16).toUpperCase()},g:function(x,p){return x.toPrecision(p)},e:function(x,p){return x.toExponential(p)},f:function(x,p){return x.toFixed(p)},r:function(x,p){return(x=d3.round(x,d3_format_precision(x,p))).toFixed(Math.max(0,Math.min(20,d3_format_precision(x*(1+1e-15),p))))}});function d3_format_precision(x,p){return p-(x?Math.ceil(Math.log(x)/Math.LN10):1)}function d3_format_typeDefault(x){return x+""}var d3_format_group=d3_identity;if(d3_format_grouping){var d3_format_groupingLength=d3_format_grouping.length;d3_format_group=function(value){var i=value.length,t=[],j=0,g=d3_format_grouping[0];while(i>0&&g>0){t.push(value.substring(i-=g,i+g));g=d3_format_grouping[j=(j+1)%d3_format_groupingLength]}return t.reverse().join(d3_format_thousandsSeparator)}}function d3_scale_bilinear(domain,range,uninterpolate,interpolate){var u=uninterpolate(domain[0],domain[1]),i=interpolate(range[0],range[1]);return function(x){return i(u(x))}}function d3_scale_nice(domain,nice){var i0=0,i1=domain.length-1,x0=domain[i0],x1=domain[i1],dx;if(x1<x0){dx=i0,i0=i1,i1=dx;dx=x0,x0=x1,x1=dx}domain[i0]=nice.floor(x0);domain[i1]=nice.ceil(x1);return domain}function d3_scale_niceStep(step){return step?{floor:function(x){return Math.floor(x/step)*step},ceil:function(x){return Math.ceil(x/step)*step}}:d3_scale_niceIdentity}var d3_scale_niceIdentity={floor:d3_identity,ceil:d3_identity};function d3_scale_polylinear(domain,range,uninterpolate,interpolate){var u=[],i=[],j=0,k=Math.min(domain.length,range.length)-1;if(domain[k]<domain[0]){domain=domain.slice().reverse();range=range.slice().reverse()}while(++j<=k){u.push(uninterpolate(domain[j-1],domain[j]));i.push(interpolate(range[j-1],range[j]))}return function(x){var j=d3.bisect(domain,x,1,k)-1;return i[j](u[j](x))}}d3.scale={};function d3_scaleExtent(domain){var start=domain[0],stop=domain[domain.length-1];return start<stop?[start,stop]:[stop,start]}function d3_scaleRange(scale){return scale.rangeExtent?scale.rangeExtent():d3_scaleExtent(scale.range())}d3.scale.linear=function(){return d3_scale_linear([0,1],[0,1],d3_interpolate,false)};function d3_scale_linear(domain,range,interpolate,clamp){var output,input;function rescale(){var linear=Math.min(domain.length,range.length)>2?d3_scale_polylinear:d3_scale_bilinear,uninterpolate=clamp?d3_uninterpolateClamp:d3_uninterpolateNumber;output=linear(domain,range,uninterpolate,interpolate);input=linear(range,domain,uninterpolate,d3_interpolate);return scale}function scale(x){return output(x)}scale.invert=function(y){return input(y)};scale.domain=function(x){if(!arguments.length)return domain;domain=x.map(Number);return rescale()};scale.range=function(x){if(!arguments.length)return range;range=x;return rescale()};scale.rangeRound=function(x){return scale.range(x).interpolate(d3_interpolateRound)};scale.clamp=function(x){if(!arguments.length)return clamp;clamp=x;return rescale()};scale.interpolate=function(x){if(!arguments.length)return interpolate;interpolate=x;return rescale()};scale.ticks=function(m){return d3_scale_linearTicks(domain,m)};scale.tickFormat=function(m,format){return d3_scale_linearTickFormat(domain,m,format)};scale.nice=function(m){d3_scale_linearNice(domain,m);return rescale()};scale.copy=function(){return d3_scale_linear(domain,range,interpolate,clamp)};return rescale()}function d3_scale_linearRebind(scale,linear){return d3.rebind(scale,linear,"range","rangeRound","interpolate","clamp")}function d3_scale_linearNice(domain,m){return d3_scale_nice(domain,d3_scale_niceStep(d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain,m)[2]))}function d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain,m){if(m==null)m=10;var extent=d3_scaleExtent(domain),span=extent[1]-extent[0],step=Math.pow(10,Math.floor(Math.log(span/m)/Math.LN10)),err=m/span*step;if(err<=.15)step*=10;else if(err<=.35)step*=5;else if(err<=.75)step*=2;extent[0]=Math.ceil(extent[0]/step)*step;extent[1]=Math.floor(extent[1]/step)*step+step*.5;extent[2]=step;return extent}function d3_scale_linearTicks(domain,m){return d3.range.apply(d3,d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain,m))}function d3_scale_linearTickFormat(domain,m,format){var range=d3_scale_linearTickRange(domain,m);return d3.format(format?format.replace(d3_format_re,function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j){return[b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i||"."+d3_scale_linearFormatPrecision(j,range),j].join("")}):",."+d3_scale_linearPrecision(range[2])+"f")}var d3_scale_linearFormatSignificant={s:1,g:1,p:1,r:1,e:1};function d3_scale_linearPrecision(value){return-Math.floor(Math.log(value)/Math.LN10+.01)}function d3_scale_linearFormatPrecision(type,range){var p=d3_scale_linearPrecision(range[2]);return type in d3_scale_linearFormatSignificant?Math.abs(p-d3_scale_linearPrecision(Math.max(Math.abs(range[0]),Math.abs(range[1]))))+ +(type!=="e"):p-(type==="%")*2}function d3_time_scale(linear,methods,format){function scale(x){return linear(x)}scale.invert=function(x){return d3_time_scaleDate(linear.invert(x))};scale.domain=function(x){if(!arguments.length)return linear.domain().map(d3_time_scaleDate);linear.domain(x);return scale};function tickMethod(extent,count){var span=extent[1]-extent[0],target=span/count,i=d3.bisect(d3_time_scaleSteps,target);return i==d3_time_scaleSteps.length?[methods.year,d3_scale_linearTickRange(extent.map(function(d){return d/31536e6}),count)[2]]:!i?[d3_time_scaleMilliseconds,d3_scale_linearTickRange(extent,count)[2]]:methods[target/d3_time_scaleSteps[i-1]<d3_time_scaleSteps[i]/target?i-1:i]}scale.nice=function(interval,skip){var domain=scale.domain(),extent=d3_scaleExtent(domain),method=interval==null?tickMethod(extent,10):typeof interval==="number"&&tickMethod(extent,interval);if(method)interval=method[0],skip=method[1];function skipped(date){return!isNaN(date)&&!interval.range(date,d3_time_scaleDate(+date+1),skip).length}return scale.domain(d3_scale_nice(domain,skip>1?{floor:function(date){while(skipped(date=interval.floor(date)))date=d3_time_scaleDate(date-1);return date},ceil:function(date){while(skipped(date=interval.ceil(date)))date=d3_time_scaleDate(+date+1);return date}}:interval))};scale.ticks=function(interval,skip){var extent=d3_scaleExtent(scale.domain()),method=interval==null?tickMethod(extent,10):typeof interval==="number"?tickMethod(extent,interval):!interval.range&&[{range:interval},skip];if(method)interval=method[0],skip=method[1];return interval.range(extent[0],d3_time_scaleDate(+extent[1]+1),skip<1?1:skip)};scale.tickFormat=function(){return format};scale.copy=function(){return d3_time_scale(linear.copy(),methods,format)};return d3_scale_linearRebind(scale,linear)}function d3_time_scaleDate(t){return new Date(t)}function d3_time_scaleFormat(formats){return function(date){var i=formats.length-1,f=formats[i];while(!f[1](date))f=formats[--i];return f[0](date)}}var d3_time_scaleSteps=[1e3,5e3,15e3,3e4,6e4,3e5,9e5,18e5,36e5,108e5,216e5,432e5,864e5,1728e5,6048e5,2592e6,7776e6,31536e6];var d3_time_scaleLocalMethods=[[d3_time.second,1],[d3_time.second,5],[d3_time.second,15],[d3_time.second,30],[d3_time.minute,1],[d3_time.minute,5],[d3_time.minute,15],[d3_time.minute,30],[d3_time.hour,1],[d3_time.hour,3],[d3_time.hour,6],[d3_time.hour,12],[d3_time.day,1],[d3_time.day,2],[d3_time.week,1],[d3_time.month,1],[d3_time.month,3],[d3_time.year,1]];var d3_time_scaleLocalFormats=[[d3_time_format("%Y"),d3_true],[d3_time_format("%B"),function(d){return d.getMonth()}],[d3_time_format("%b %d"),function(d){return d.getDate()!=1}],[d3_time_format("%a %d"),function(d){return d.getDay()&&d.getDate()!=1}],[d3_time_format("%I %p"),function(d){return d.getHours()}],[d3_time_format("%I:%M"),function(d){return d.getMinutes()}],[d3_time_format(":%S"),function(d){return d.getSeconds()}],[d3_time_format(".%L"),function(d){return d.getMilliseconds()}]];var d3_time_scaleLocalFormat=d3_time_scaleFormat(d3_time_scaleLocalFormats);d3_time_scaleLocalMethods.year=d3_time.year;d3_time.scale=function(){return d3_time_scale(d3.scale.linear(),d3_time_scaleLocalMethods,d3_time_scaleLocalFormat)};var d3_time_scaleMilliseconds={range:function(start,stop,step){return d3.range(+start,+stop,step).map(d3_time_scaleDate)}};var d3_time_scaleUTCMethods=d3_time_scaleLocalMethods.map(function(m){return[m[0].utc,m[1]]});var d3_time_scaleUTCFormats=[[d3_time_formatUtc("%Y"),d3_true],[d3_time_formatUtc("%B"),function(d){return d.getUTCMonth()}],[d3_time_formatUtc("%b %d"),function(d){return d.getUTCDate()!=1}],[d3_time_formatUtc("%a %d"),function(d){return d.getUTCDay()&&d.getUTCDate()!=1}],[d3_time_formatUtc("%I %p"),function(d){return d.getUTCHours()}],[d3_time_formatUtc("%I:%M"),function(d){return d.getUTCMinutes()}],[d3_time_formatUtc(":%S"),function(d){return d.getUTCSeconds()}],[d3_time_formatUtc(".%L"),function(d){return d.getUTCMilliseconds()}]];var d3_time_scaleUTCFormat=d3_time_scaleFormat(d3_time_scaleUTCFormats);d3_time_scaleUTCMethods.year=d3_time.year.utc;d3_time.scale.utc=function(){return d3_time_scale(d3.scale.linear(),d3_time_scaleUTCMethods,d3_time_scaleUTCFormat)};return d3}();"undefined"!==module?module.exports=d3:this.d3=d3;
Raw
presidents.json
[
{"number":1,"president":"George Washington","birth_year":1732,"death_year":1799,"took_office":"1789-04-30","left_office":"1797-03-04","party":"No Party"},
{"number":2,"president":"John Adams","birth_year":1735,"death_year":1826,"took_office":"1797-03-04","left_office":"1801-03-04","party":"Federalist"},
{"number":3,"president":"Thomas Jefferson","birth_year":1743,"death_year":1826,"took_office":"1801-03-04","left_office":"1809-03-04","party":"Democratic-Republican"},
{"number":4,"president":"James Madison","birth_year":1751,"death_year":1836,"took_office":"1809-03-04","left_office":"1817-03-04","party":"Democratic-Republican"},
{"number":5,"president":"James Monroe","birth_year":1758,"death_year":1831,"took_office":"1817-03-04","left_office":"1825-03-04","party":"Democratic-Republican"},
{"number":6,"president":"John Quincy Adams","birth_year":1767,"death_year":1848,"took_office":"1825-03-04","left_office":"1829-03-04","party":"Democratic-Republican"},
{"number":7,"president":"Andrew Jackson","birth_year":1767,"death_year":1845,"took_office":"1829-03-04","left_office":"1837-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":8,"president":"Martin Van Buren","birth_year":1782,"death_year":1862,"took_office":"1837-03-04","left_office":"1841-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":9,"president":"William Henry Harrison","birth_year":1773,"death_year":1841,"took_office":"1841-03-04","left_office":"1841-04-04","party":"Whig"},
{"number":10,"president":"John Tyler","birth_year":1790,"death_year":1862,"took_office":"1841-04-04","left_office":"1845-03-04","party":"Whig"},
{"number":11,"president":"James K. Polk","birth_year":1795,"death_year":1849,"took_office":"1845-03-04","left_office":"1849-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":12,"president":"Zachary Taylor","birth_year":1784,"death_year":1850,"took_office":"1849-03-04","left_office":"1850-07-09","party":"Whig"},
{"number":13,"president":"Millard Fillmore","birth_year":1800,"death_year":1874,"took_office":"1850-07-09","left_office":"1853-03-04","party":"Whig"},
{"number":14,"president":"Franklin Pierce","birth_year":1804,"death_year":1869,"took_office":"1853-03-04","left_office":"1857-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":15,"president":"James Buchanan","birth_year":1791,"death_year":1868,"took_office":"1857-03-04","left_office":"1861-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":16,"president":"Abraham Lincoln","birth_year":1809,"death_year":1865,"took_office":"1861-03-04","left_office":"1865-04-15","party":"Republican"},
{"number":17,"president":"Andrew Johnson","birth_year":1808,"death_year":1875,"took_office":"1865-04-15","left_office":"1869-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":18,"president":"Ulysses S. Grant","birth_year":1822,"death_year":1885,"took_office":"1869-03-04","left_office":"1877-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":19,"president":"Rutherford B. Hayes","birth_year":1822,"death_year":1893,"took_office":"1877-03-04","left_office":"1881-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":20,"president":"James A. Garfield","birth_year":1831,"death_year":1881,"took_office":"1881-03-04","left_office":"1881-09-19","party":"Republican"},
{"number":21,"president":"Chester A. Arthur","birth_year":1829,"death_year":1886,"took_office":"1881-09-19","left_office":"1885-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":22,"president":"Grover Cleveland","birth_year":1837,"death_year":1908,"took_office":"1885-03-04","left_office":"1889-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":23,"president":"Benjamin Harrison","birth_year":1833,"death_year":1901,"took_office":"1889-03-04","left_office":"1893-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":24,"president":"Grover Cleveland","birth_year":1837,"death_year":1908,"took_office":"1893-03-04","left_office":"1897-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":25,"president":"William McKinley","birth_year":1843,"death_year":1901,"took_office":"1897-03-04","left_office":"1901-09-14","party":"Republican"},
{"number":26,"president":"Theodore Roosevelt","birth_year":1858,"death_year":1919,"took_office":"1901-09-14","left_office":"1909-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":27,"president":"William Howard Taft","birth_year":1857,"death_year":1930,"took_office":"1909-03-04","left_office":"1913-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":28,"president":"Woodrow Wilson","birth_year":1856,"death_year":1924,"took_office":"1913-03-04","left_office":"1921-03-04","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":29,"president":"Warren G. Harding","birth_year":1865,"death_year":1923,"took_office":"1921-03-04","left_office":"1923-08-02","party":"Republican"},
{"number":30,"president":"Calvin Coolidge","birth_year":1872,"death_year":1933,"took_office":"1923-08-02","left_office":"1929-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":31,"president":"Herbert Hoover","birth_year":1874,"death_year":1964,"took_office":"1929-03-04","left_office":"1933-03-04","party":"Republican"},
{"number":32,"president":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","birth_year":1882,"death_year":1945,"took_office":"1933-03-04","left_office":"1945-04-12","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":33,"president":"Harry S. Truman","birth_year":1884,"death_year":1972,"took_office":"1945-04-12","left_office":"1953-01-20","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":34,"president":"Dwight D. Eisenhower","birth_year":1890,"death_year":1969,"took_office":"1953-01-20","left_office":"1961-01-20","party":"Republican"},
{"number":35,"president":"John F. Kennedy","birth_year":1917,"death_year":1963,"took_office":"1961-01-20","left_office":"1963-11-22","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":36,"president":"Lyndon B. Johnson","birth_year":1908,"death_year":1973,"took_office":"1963-11-22","left_office":"1969-01-20","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":37,"president":"Richard Nixon","birth_year":1913,"death_year":1994,"took_office":"1969-01-20","left_office":"1974-08-09","party":"Republican"},
{"number":38,"president":"Gerald Ford","birth_year":1913,"death_year":2006,"took_office":"1974-08-09","left_office":"1977-01-20","party":"Republican"},
{"number":39,"president":"Jimmy Carter","birth_year":1924,"death_year":null,"took_office":"1977-01-20","left_office":"1981-01-20","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":40,"president":"Ronald Reagan","birth_year":1911,"death_year":2004,"took_office":"1981-01-20","left_office":"1989-01-20","party":"Republican"},
{"number":41,"president":"George H. W. Bush","birth_year":1924,"death_year":null,"took_office":"1989-01-20","left_office":"1993-01-20","party":"Republican"},
{"number":42,"president":"Bill Clinton","birth_year":1946,"death_year":null,"took_office":"1993-01-20","left_office":"2001-01-20","party":"Democratic"},
{"number":43,"president":"George W. Bush","birth_year":1946,"death_year":null,"took_office":"2001-01-20","left_office":"2009-01-20","party":"Republican"},
{"number":44,"president":"Barack Obama","birth_year":1961,"death_year":null,"took_office":"2009-01-20","left_office":null,"party":"Democratic"}
]
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment