scatter rectangles

README.md

Using a force layout to encode sepial width and height as, uh, width and height.

Rectangle force from: http://bl.ocks.org/emeeks/b3851789fcc3bf0c65ea9a34c3dca7bb

See also: http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4055889

d3-force.js

// https://d3js.org/d3-force/ Version 1.0.0. Copyright 2016 Mike Bostock.
(function (global, factory) {
  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports, require('d3-quadtree'), require('d3-collection'), require('d3-dispatch'), require('d3-timer')) :
  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports', 'd3-quadtree', 'd3-collection', 'd3-dispatch', 'd3-timer'], factory) :
  (factory((global.d3 = global.d3 || {}),global.d3,global.d3,global.d3,global.d3));
}(this, function (exports,d3Quadtree,d3Collection,d3Dispatch,d3Timer) { 'use strict';

  function center(x, y) {
    var nodes;

    if (x == null) x = 0;
    if (y == null) y = 0;

    function force() {
      var i,
          n = nodes.length,
          node,
          sx = 0,
          sy = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], sx += node.x, sy += node.y;
      }

      for (sx = sx / n - x, sy = sy / n - y, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.x -= sx, node.y -= sy;
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
    };

    force.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = +_, force) : x;
    };

    force.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y = +_, force) : y;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function constant(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function jiggle() {
    return (Math.random() - 0.5) * 1e-6;
  }

  function x(d) {
    return d.x + d.vx;
  }

  function y(d) {
    return d.y + d.vy;
  }

  function collide(radius) {
    var nodes,
        radii,
        strength = 1,
        iterations = 1;

    if (typeof radius !== "function") radius = constant(radius == null ? 1 : +radius);

    function force() {
      var i, n = nodes.length,
          tree,
          node,
          xi,
          yi,
          ri,
          ri2;

      for (var k = 0; k < iterations; ++k) {
        tree = d3Quadtree.quadtree(nodes, x, y).visitAfter(prepare);
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
          node = nodes[i];
          ri = radii[i], ri2 = ri * ri;
          xi = node.x + node.vx;
          yi = node.y + node.vy;
          tree.visit(apply);
        }
      }

      function apply(quad, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
        var data = quad.data, rj = quad.r, r = ri + rj;
        if (data) {
          if (data.index > i) {
            var x = xi - data.x - data.vx,
                y = yi - data.y - data.vy,
                l = x * x + y * y;
            if (l < r * r) {
              if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
              if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
              l = (r - (l = Math.sqrt(l))) / l * strength;
              node.vx += (x *= l) * (r = (rj *= rj) / (ri2 + rj));
              node.vy += (y *= l) * r;
              data.vx -= x * (r = 1 - r);
              data.vy -= y * r;
            }
          }
          return;
        }
        return x0 > xi + r || x1 < xi - r || y0 > yi + r || y1 < yi - r;
      }
    }

    function prepare(quad) {
      if (quad.data) return quad.r = radii[quad.data.index];
      for (var i = quad.r = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        if (quad[i] && quad[i].r > quad.r) {
          quad.r = quad[i].r;
        }
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      var i, n = (nodes = _).length; radii = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) radii[i] = +radius(nodes[i], i, nodes);
    };

    force.iterations = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (iterations = +_, force) : iterations;
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = +_, force) : strength;
    };

    force.radius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (radius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), force) : radius;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function x$1(d) {
    return d.x + d.vx;
  }

  function y$1(d) {
    return d.y + d.vy;
  }

  function rectCollide(bbox) {
    var nodes,
        boundingBoxes,
        strength = 1,
        iterations = 1;

    if (typeof bbox !== "function") bbox = constant(bbox == null ? [[0,0][1,1]] : bbox);

    function force() {
      var i,
          n = nodes.length,
          tree,
          node,
          xi,
          yi,
          bbi,
          nx1,
          ny1,
          nx2,
          ny2

      for (var k = 0; k < iterations; ++k) {
        tree = d3Quadtree.quadtree(nodes, x$1, y$1).visitAfter(prepare);

        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
          node = nodes[i];
          bbi = boundingBoxes[i],
          xi = node.x + node.vx;
          yi = node.y + node.vy;
          nx1 = xi + bbi[0][0]
          ny1 = yi + bbi[0][1]
          nx2 = xi + bbi[1][0]
          ny2 = yi + bbi[1][1]
          tree.visit(apply);
        }
      }

      function apply(quad, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
          var data = quad.data,
            bWidth = bbLength(bbi, 0),
            bHeight = bbLength(bbi, 1);

          if (data) {
            if (data.index > i) {
              var bbj = boundingBoxes[data.index],
                dnx1 = data.x + data.vx + bbj[0][0],
                dny1 = data.y + data.vy + bbj[0][1],
                dnx2 = data.x + data.vx + bbj[1][0],
                dny2 = data.y + data.vy + bbj[1][1],
                dWidth = bbLength(bbj, 0),
                dHeight = bbLength(bbj, 1),
                x = node.x - data.x,
                y = node.y - data.y,
                lx = Math.abs(x),
                ly = Math.abs(y);

              if (nx1 <= dnx2 && dnx1 <= nx2 && ny1 <= dny2 && dny1 <= ny2) {

                if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), lx += x * x;
                if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), ly += y * y;

                  node.vx += lx * (1 / lx) * ((bWidth * bWidth) / (dWidth * dWidth + bWidth));
                  node.vy += ly * (1 / ly) * ((bHeight * bHeight) / (dHeight * dHeight + bHeight));
                  data.vx -= lx * (1 / lx) * (((bWidth * bWidth) / (dWidth * dWidth + bWidth)));
                  data.vy -= ly * (1 / ly) * (((bHeight * bHeight) / (dHeight * dHeight + bHeight)));

              }

            }
            return;
          }

          return x0 > nx2 || x1 < nx1 || y0 > ny2 || y1 < ny1;
      }

    }

    function prepare(quad) {
      if (quad.data) return quad.bb = boundingBoxes[quad.data.index];
        for (var i = quad.bb = [[0,0],[0,0]]; i < 4; ++i) {
          if (quad[i] && bbArea(quad[i].bb) > bbArea(quad.bb)) {
            quad.bb = quad[i].bb;
        }
      }
    }


    function bbArea(bbox) {
      return (bbox[1][0] - bbox[0][0]) * (bbox[1][1] - bbox[0][1])
    }

    function bbLength(bbox, heightWidth) {
      return (bbox[1][heightWidth] - bbox[0][heightWidth])
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      var i, n = (nodes = _).length; boundingBoxes = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) boundingBoxes[i] = bbox(nodes[i], i, nodes);
    };

    force.iterations = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (iterations = +_, force) : iterations;
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = +_, force) : strength;
    };

    force.bbox = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (bbox = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), force) : bbox;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function index(d, i) {
    return i;
  }

  function link(links) {
    var id = index,
        strength = defaultStrength,
        strengths,
        distance = constant(30),
        distances,
        nodes,
        count,
        bias,
        iterations = 1;

    if (links == null) links = [];

    function defaultStrength(link) {
      return 1 / Math.min(count[link.source.index], count[link.target.index]);
    }

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var k = 0, n = links.length; k < iterations; ++k) {
        for (var i = 0, link, source, target, x, y, l, b; i < n; ++i) {
          link = links[i], source = link.source, target = link.target;
          x = target.x + target.vx - source.x - source.vx || jiggle();
          y = target.y + target.vy - source.y - source.vy || jiggle();
          l = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
          l = (l - distances[i]) / l * alpha * strengths[i];
          x *= l, y *= l;
          target.vx -= x * (b = bias[i]);
          target.vy -= y * b;
          source.vx += x * (b = 1 - b);
          source.vy += y * b;
        }
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      var i,
          n = nodes.length,
          m = links.length,
          nodeById = d3Collection.map(nodes, id),
          link;

      for (i = 0, count = new Array(n); i < n; ++i) {
        count[i] = 0;
      }

      for (i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        link = links[i], link.index = i;
        if (typeof link.source !== "object") link.source = nodeById.get(link.source);
        if (typeof link.target !== "object") link.target = nodeById.get(link.target);
        ++count[link.source.index], ++count[link.target.index];
      }

      for (i = 0, bias = new Array(m); i < m; ++i) {
        link = links[i], bias[i] = count[link.source.index] / (count[link.source.index] + count[link.target.index]);
      }

      strengths = new Array(m), initializeStrength();
      distances = new Array(m), initializeDistance();
    }

    function initializeStrength() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      for (var i = 0, n = links.length; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = +strength(links[i], i, links);
      }
    }

    function initializeDistance() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      for (var i = 0, n = links.length; i < n; ++i) {
        distances[i] = +distance(links[i], i, links);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.links = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (links = _, initialize(), force) : links;
    };

    force.id = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (id = _, force) : id;
    };

    force.iterations = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (iterations = +_, force) : iterations;
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initializeStrength(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.distance = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distance = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initializeDistance(), force) : distance;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function x$2(d) {
    return d.x;
  }

  function y$2(d) {
    return d.y;
  }

  var initialRadius = 10;
  var initialAngle = Math.PI * (3 - Math.sqrt(5));
  function simulation(nodes) {
    var simulation,
        alpha = 1,
        alphaMin = 0.001,
        alphaDecay = 1 - Math.pow(alphaMin, 1 / 300),
        alphaTarget = 0,
        velocityDecay = 0.6,
        forces = d3Collection.map(),
        stepper = d3Timer.timer(step),
        event = d3Dispatch.dispatch("tick", "end");

    if (nodes == null) nodes = [];

    function step() {
      tick();
      event.call("tick", simulation);
      if (alpha < alphaMin) {
        stepper.stop();
        event.call("end", simulation);
      }
    }

    function tick() {
      var i, n = nodes.length, node;

      alpha += (alphaTarget - alpha) * alphaDecay;

      forces.each(function(force) {
        force(alpha);
      });

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i];
        if (node.fx == null) node.x += node.vx *= velocityDecay;
        else node.x = node.fx, node.vx = 0;
        if (node.fy == null) node.y += node.vy *= velocityDecay;
        else node.y = node.fy, node.vy = 0;
      }
    }

    function initializeNodes() {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.index = i;
        if (isNaN(node.x) || isNaN(node.y)) {
          var radius = initialRadius * Math.sqrt(i), angle = i * initialAngle;
          node.x = radius * Math.cos(angle);
          node.y = radius * Math.sin(angle);
        }
        if (isNaN(node.vx) || isNaN(node.vy)) {
          node.vx = node.vy = 0;
        }
      }
    }

    function initializeForce(force) {
      if (force.initialize) force.initialize(nodes);
      return force;
    }

    initializeNodes();

    return simulation = {
      tick: tick,

      restart: function() {
        return stepper.restart(step), simulation;
      },

      stop: function() {
        return stepper.stop(), simulation;
      },

      nodes: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (nodes = _, initializeNodes(), forces.each(initializeForce), simulation) : nodes;
      },

      alpha: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alpha = +_, simulation) : alpha;
      },

      alphaMin: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaMin = +_, simulation) : alphaMin;
      },

      alphaDecay: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaDecay = +_, simulation) : +alphaDecay;
      },

      alphaTarget: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaTarget = +_, simulation) : alphaTarget;
      },

      velocityDecay: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (velocityDecay = 1 - _, simulation) : 1 - velocityDecay;
      },

      force: function(name, _) {
        return arguments.length > 1 ? ((_ == null ? forces.remove(name) : forces.set(name, initializeForce(_))), simulation) : forces.get(name);
      },

      find: function(x, y, radius) {
        var i = 0,
            n = nodes.length,
            dx,
            dy,
            d2,
            node,
            closest;

        if (radius == null) radius = Infinity;
        else radius *= radius;

        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
          node = nodes[i];
          dx = x - node.x;
          dy = y - node.y;
          d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
          if (d2 < radius) closest = node, radius = d2;
        }

        return closest;
      },

      on: function(name, _) {
        return arguments.length > 1 ? (event.on(name, _), simulation) : event.on(name);
      }
    };
  }

  function manyBody() {
    var nodes,
        node,
        alpha,
        strength = constant(-30),
        strengths,
        distanceMin2 = 1,
        distanceMax2 = Infinity,
        theta2 = 0.81;

    function force(_) {
      var i, n = nodes.length, tree = d3Quadtree.quadtree(nodes, x$2, y$2).visitAfter(accumulate);
      for (alpha = _, i = 0; i < n; ++i) node = nodes[i], tree.visit(apply);
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) strengths[i] = +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
    }

    function accumulate(quad) {
      var strength = 0, q, c, x, y, i;

      // For internal nodes, accumulate forces from child quadrants.
      if (quad.length) {
        for (x = y = i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
          if ((q = quad[i]) && (c = q.value)) {
            strength += c, x += c * q.x, y += c * q.y;
          }
        }
        quad.x = x / strength;
        quad.y = y / strength;
      }

      // For leaf nodes, accumulate forces from coincident quadrants.
      else {
        q = quad;
        q.x = q.data.x;
        q.y = q.data.y;
        do strength += strengths[q.data.index];
        while (q = q.next);
      }

      quad.value = strength;
    }

    function apply(quad, x1, _, x2) {
      if (!quad.value) return true;

      var x = quad.x - node.x,
          y = quad.y - node.y,
          w = x2 - x1,
          l = x * x + y * y;

      // Apply the Barnes-Hut approximation if possible.
      // Limit forces for very close nodes; randomize direction if coincident.
      if (w * w / theta2 < l) {
        if (l < distanceMax2) {
          if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
          if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
          if (l < distanceMin2) l = Math.sqrt(distanceMin2 * l);
          node.vx += x * quad.value * alpha / l;
          node.vy += y * quad.value * alpha / l;
        }
        return true;
      }

      // Otherwise, process points directly.
      else if (quad.length || l >= distanceMax2) return;

      // Limit forces for very close nodes; randomize direction if coincident.
      if (quad.data !== node || quad.next) {
        if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
        if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
        if (l < distanceMin2) l = Math.sqrt(distanceMin2 * l);
      }

      do if (quad.data !== node) {
        w = strengths[quad.data.index] * alpha / l;
        node.vx += x * w;
        node.vy += y * w;
      } while (quad = quad.next);
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.distanceMin = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distanceMin2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(distanceMin2);
    };

    force.distanceMax = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distanceMax2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(distanceMax2);
    };

    force.theta = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (theta2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(theta2);
    };

    return force;
  }

  function x$3(x) {
    var strength = constant(0.1),
        nodes,
        strengths,
        xz;

    if (typeof x !== "function") x = constant(x == null ? 0 : +x);

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.vx += (xz[i] - node.x) * strengths[i] * alpha;
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      xz = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = isNaN(xz[i] = +x(nodes[i], i, nodes)) ? 0 : +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initialize(), force) : x;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function y$3(y) {
    var strength = constant(0.1),
        nodes,
        strengths,
        yz;

    if (typeof y !== "function") y = constant(y == null ? 0 : +y);

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.vy += (yz[i] - node.y) * strengths[i] * alpha;
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      yz = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = isNaN(yz[i] = +y(nodes[i], i, nodes)) ? 0 : +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(+_), initialize(), force) : y;
    };

    return force;
  }

  exports.forceCenter = center;
  exports.forceCollide = collide;
  exports.forceRectCollide = rectCollide;
  exports.forceLink = link;
  exports.forceManyBody = manyBody;
  exports.forceSimulation = simulation;
  exports.forceX = x$3;
  exports.forceY = y$3;

  Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });

}));

d3v4+jetpack.js

// https://d3js.org Version 4.1.1. Copyright 2016 Mike Bostock.
(function (global, factory) {
  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
  (factory((global.d3 = global.d3 || {})));
}(this, function (exports) { 'use strict';

  var version = "4.1.1";

  function ascending(a, b) {
    return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
  }

  function bisector(compare) {
    if (compare.length === 1) compare = ascendingComparator(compare);
    return {
      left: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
        if (lo == null) lo = 0;
        if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
        while (lo < hi) {
          var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
          if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1;
          else hi = mid;
        }
        return lo;
      },
      right: function(a, x, lo, hi) {
        if (lo == null) lo = 0;
        if (hi == null) hi = a.length;
        while (lo < hi) {
          var mid = lo + hi >>> 1;
          if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid;
          else lo = mid + 1;
        }
        return lo;
      }
    };
  }

  function ascendingComparator(f) {
    return function(d, x) {
      return ascending(f(d), x);
    };
  }

  var ascendingBisect = bisector(ascending);
  var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right;
  var bisectLeft = ascendingBisect.left;

  function descending(a, b) {
    return b < a ? -1 : b > a ? 1 : b >= a ? 0 : NaN;
  }

  function number(x) {
    return x === null ? NaN : +x;
  }

  function variance(array, f) {
    var n = array.length,
        m = 0,
        a,
        d,
        s = 0,
        i = -1,
        j = 0;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) {
        if (!isNaN(a = number(array[i]))) {
          d = a - m;
          m += d / ++j;
          s += d * (a - m);
        }
      }
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) {
        if (!isNaN(a = number(f(array[i], i, array)))) {
          d = a - m;
          m += d / ++j;
          s += d * (a - m);
        }
      }
    }

    if (j > 1) return s / (j - 1);
  }

  function deviation(array, f) {
    var v = variance(array, f);
    return v ? Math.sqrt(v) : v;
  }

  function extent(array, f) {
    var i = -1,
        n = array.length,
        a,
        b,
        c;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = c = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null) {
        if (a > b) a = b;
        if (c < b) c = b;
      }
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null && b >= b) { a = c = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null) {
        if (a > b) a = b;
        if (c < b) c = b;
      }
    }

    return [a, c];
  }

  var array = Array.prototype;

  var slice = array.slice;
  var map = array.map;

  function constant(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function identity(x) {
    return x;
  }

  function range(start, stop, step) {
    start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step;

    var i = -1,
        n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0,
        range = new Array(n);

    while (++i < n) {
      range[i] = start + i * step;
    }

    return range;
  }

  var e10 = Math.sqrt(50);
  var e5 = Math.sqrt(10);
  var e2 = Math.sqrt(2);
  function ticks(start, stop, count) {
    var step = tickStep(start, stop, count);
    return range(
      Math.ceil(start / step) * step,
      Math.floor(stop / step) * step + step / 2, // inclusive
      step
    );
  }

  function tickStep(start, stop, count) {
    var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count),
        step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)),
        error = step0 / step1;
    if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10;
    else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5;
    else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2;
    return stop < start ? -step1 : step1;
  }

  function sturges(values) {
    return Math.ceil(Math.log(values.length) / Math.LN2) + 1;
  }

  function histogram() {
    var value = identity,
        domain = extent,
        threshold = sturges;

    function histogram(data) {
      var i,
          n = data.length,
          x,
          values = new Array(n);

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        values[i] = value(data[i], i, data);
      }

      var xz = domain(values),
          x0 = xz[0],
          x1 = xz[1],
          tz = threshold(values, x0, x1);

      // Convert number of thresholds into uniform thresholds.
      if (!Array.isArray(tz)) tz = ticks(x0, x1, tz);

      // Remove any thresholds outside the domain.
      var m = tz.length;
      while (tz[0] <= x0) tz.shift(), --m;
      while (tz[m - 1] >= x1) tz.pop(), --m;

      var bins = new Array(m + 1),
          bin;

      // Initialize bins.
      for (i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
        bin = bins[i] = [];
        bin.x0 = i > 0 ? tz[i - 1] : x0;
        bin.x1 = i < m ? tz[i] : x1;
      }

      // Assign data to bins by value, ignoring any outside the domain.
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        x = values[i];
        if (x0 <= x && x <= x1) {
          bins[bisectRight(tz, x, 0, m)].push(data[i]);
        }
      }

      return bins;
    }

    histogram.value = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (value = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant(_), histogram) : value;
    };

    histogram.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant([_[0], _[1]]), histogram) : domain;
    };

    histogram.thresholds = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (threshold = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : Array.isArray(_) ? constant(slice.call(_)) : constant(_), histogram) : threshold;
    };

    return histogram;
  }

  function threshold(array, p, f) {
    if (f == null) f = number;
    if (!(n = array.length)) return;
    if ((p = +p) <= 0 || n < 2) return +f(array[0], 0, array);
    if (p >= 1) return +f(array[n - 1], n - 1, array);
    var n,
        h = (n - 1) * p,
        i = Math.floor(h),
        a = +f(array[i], i, array),
        b = +f(array[i + 1], i + 1, array);
    return a + (b - a) * (h - i);
  }

  function freedmanDiaconis(values, min, max) {
    values = map.call(values, number).sort(ascending);
    return Math.ceil((max - min) / (2 * (threshold(values, 0.75) - threshold(values, 0.25)) * Math.pow(values.length, -1 / 3)));
  }

  function scott(values, min, max) {
    return Math.ceil((max - min) / (3.5 * deviation(values) * Math.pow(values.length, -1 / 3)));
  }

  function max(array, f) {
    var i = -1,
        n = array.length,
        a,
        b;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b > a) a = b;
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null && b > a) a = b;
    }

    return a;
  }

  function mean(array, f) {
    var s = 0,
        n = array.length,
        a,
        i = -1,
        j = n;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if (!isNaN(a = number(array[i]))) s += a; else --j;
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if (!isNaN(a = number(f(array[i], i, array)))) s += a; else --j;
    }

    if (j) return s / j;
  }

  function median(array, f) {
    var numbers = [],
        n = array.length,
        a,
        i = -1;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if (!isNaN(a = number(array[i]))) numbers.push(a);
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if (!isNaN(a = number(f(array[i], i, array)))) numbers.push(a);
    }

    return threshold(numbers.sort(ascending), 0.5);
  }

  function merge(arrays) {
    var n = arrays.length,
        m,
        i = -1,
        j = 0,
        merged,
        array;

    while (++i < n) j += arrays[i].length;
    merged = new Array(j);

    while (--n >= 0) {
      array = arrays[n];
      m = array.length;
      while (--m >= 0) {
        merged[--j] = array[m];
      }
    }

    return merged;
  }

  function min(array, f) {
    var i = -1,
        n = array.length,
        a,
        b;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = array[i]) != null && a > b) a = b;
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null && b >= b) { a = b; break; }
      while (++i < n) if ((b = f(array[i], i, array)) != null && a > b) a = b;
    }

    return a;
  }

  function pairs(array) {
    var i = 0, n = array.length - 1, p = array[0], pairs = new Array(n < 0 ? 0 : n);
    while (i < n) pairs[i] = [p, p = array[++i]];
    return pairs;
  }

  function permute(array, indexes) {
    var i = indexes.length, permutes = new Array(i);
    while (i--) permutes[i] = array[indexes[i]];
    return permutes;
  }

  function scan(array, compare) {
    if (!(n = array.length)) return;
    var i = 0,
        n,
        j = 0,
        xi,
        xj = array[j];

    if (!compare) compare = ascending;

    while (++i < n) if (compare(xi = array[i], xj) < 0 || compare(xj, xj) !== 0) xj = xi, j = i;

    if (compare(xj, xj) === 0) return j;
  }

  function shuffle(array, i0, i1) {
    var m = (i1 == null ? array.length : i1) - (i0 = i0 == null ? 0 : +i0),
        t,
        i;

    while (m) {
      i = Math.random() * m-- | 0;
      t = array[m + i0];
      array[m + i0] = array[i + i0];
      array[i + i0] = t;
    }

    return array;
  }

  function sum(array, f) {
    var s = 0,
        n = array.length,
        a,
        i = -1;

    if (f == null) {
      while (++i < n) if (a = +array[i]) s += a; // Note: zero and null are equivalent.
    }

    else {
      while (++i < n) if (a = +f(array[i], i, array)) s += a;
    }

    return s;
  }

  function transpose(matrix) {
    if (!(n = matrix.length)) return [];
    for (var i = -1, m = min(matrix, length), transpose = new Array(m); ++i < m;) {
      for (var j = -1, n, row = transpose[i] = new Array(n); ++j < n;) {
        row[j] = matrix[j][i];
      }
    }
    return transpose;
  }

  function length(d) {
    return d.length;
  }

  function zip() {
    return transpose(arguments);
  }

  var prefix = "$";

  function Map() {}

  Map.prototype = map$1.prototype = {
    constructor: Map,
    has: function(key) {
      return (prefix + key) in this;
    },
    get: function(key) {
      return this[prefix + key];
    },
    set: function(key, value) {
      this[prefix + key] = value;
      return this;
    },
    remove: function(key) {
      var property = prefix + key;
      return property in this && delete this[property];
    },
    clear: function() {
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) delete this[property];
    },
    keys: function() {
      var keys = [];
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) keys.push(property.slice(1));
      return keys;
    },
    values: function() {
      var values = [];
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) values.push(this[property]);
      return values;
    },
    entries: function() {
      var entries = [];
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) entries.push({key: property.slice(1), value: this[property]});
      return entries;
    },
    size: function() {
      var size = 0;
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) ++size;
      return size;
    },
    empty: function() {
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) return false;
      return true;
    },
    each: function(f) {
      for (var property in this) if (property[0] === prefix) f(this[property], property.slice(1), this);
    }
  };

  function map$1(object, f) {
    var map = new Map;

    // Copy constructor.
    if (object instanceof Map) object.each(function(value, key) { map.set(key, value); });

    // Index array by numeric index or specified key function.
    else if (Array.isArray(object)) {
      var i = -1,
          n = object.length,
          o;

      if (f == null) while (++i < n) map.set(i, object[i]);
      else while (++i < n) map.set(f(o = object[i], i, object), o);
    }

    // Convert object to map.
    else if (object) for (var key in object) map.set(key, object[key]);

    return map;
  }

  function nest() {
    var keys = [],
        sortKeys = [],
        sortValues,
        rollup,
        nest;

    function apply(array, depth, createResult, setResult) {
      if (depth >= keys.length) return rollup != null
          ? rollup(array) : (sortValues != null
          ? array.sort(sortValues)
          : array);

      var i = -1,
          n = array.length,
          key = keys[depth++],
          keyValue,
          value,
          valuesByKey = map$1(),
          values,
          result = createResult();

      while (++i < n) {
        if (values = valuesByKey.get(keyValue = key(value = array[i]) + "")) {
          values.push(value);
        } else {
          valuesByKey.set(keyValue, [value]);
        }
      }

      valuesByKey.each(function(values, key) {
        setResult(result, key, apply(values, depth, createResult, setResult));
      });

      return result;
    }

    function entries(map, depth) {
      if (++depth > keys.length) return map;
      var array, sortKey = sortKeys[depth - 1];
      if (rollup != null && depth >= keys.length) array = map.entries();
      else array = [], map.each(function(v, k) { array.push({key: k, values: entries(v, depth)}); });
      return sortKey != null ? array.sort(function(a, b) { return sortKey(a.key, b.key); }) : array;
    }

    return nest = {
      object: function(array) { return apply(array, 0, createObject, setObject); },
      map: function(array) { return apply(array, 0, createMap, setMap); },
      entries: function(array) { return entries(apply(array, 0, createMap, setMap), 0); },
      key: function(d) { keys.push(d); return nest; },
      sortKeys: function(order) { sortKeys[keys.length - 1] = order; return nest; },
      sortValues: function(order) { sortValues = order; return nest; },
      rollup: function(f) { rollup = f; return nest; }
    };
  }

  function createObject() {
    return {};
  }

  function setObject(object, key, value) {
    object[key] = value;
  }

  function createMap() {
    return map$1();
  }

  function setMap(map, key, value) {
    map.set(key, value);
  }

  function Set() {}

  var proto = map$1.prototype;

  Set.prototype = set.prototype = {
    constructor: Set,
    has: proto.has,
    add: function(value) {
      value += "";
      this[prefix + value] = value;
      return this;
    },
    remove: proto.remove,
    clear: proto.clear,
    values: proto.keys,
    size: proto.size,
    empty: proto.empty,
    each: proto.each
  };

  function set(object, f) {
    var set = new Set;

    // Copy constructor.
    if (object instanceof Set) object.each(function(value) { set.add(value); });

    // Otherwise, assume it’s an array.
    else if (object) {
      var i = -1, n = object.length;
      if (f == null) while (++i < n) set.add(object[i]);
      else while (++i < n) set.add(f(object[i], i, object));
    }

    return set;
  }

  function keys(map) {
    var keys = [];
    for (var key in map) keys.push(key);
    return keys;
  }

  function values(map) {
    var values = [];
    for (var key in map) values.push(map[key]);
    return values;
  }

  function entries(map) {
    var entries = [];
    for (var key in map) entries.push({key: key, value: map[key]});
    return entries;
  }

  function uniform(min, max) {
    min = min == null ? 0 : +min;
    max = max == null ? 1 : +max;
    if (arguments.length === 1) max = min, min = 0;
    else max -= min;
    return function() {
      return Math.random() * max + min;
    };
  }

  function normal(mu, sigma) {
    var x, r;
    mu = mu == null ? 0 : +mu;
    sigma = sigma == null ? 1 : +sigma;
    return function() {
      var y;

      // If available, use the second previously-generated uniform random.
      if (x != null) y = x, x = null;

      // Otherwise, generate a new x and y.
      else do {
        x = Math.random() * 2 - 1;
        y = Math.random() * 2 - 1;
        r = x * x + y * y;
      } while (!r || r > 1);

      return mu + sigma * y * Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(r) / r);
    };
  }

  function logNormal() {
    var randomNormal = normal.apply(this, arguments);
    return function() {
      return Math.exp(randomNormal());
    };
  }

  function irwinHall(n) {
    return function() {
      for (var sum = 0, i = 0; i < n; ++i) sum += Math.random();
      return sum;
    };
  }

  function bates(n) {
    var randomIrwinHall = irwinHall(n);
    return function() {
      return randomIrwinHall() / n;
    };
  }

  function exponential(lambda) {
    return function() {
      return -Math.log(1 - Math.random()) / lambda;
    };
  }

  function linear(t) {
    return +t;
  }

  function quadIn(t) {
    return t * t;
  }

  function quadOut(t) {
    return t * (2 - t);
  }

  function quadInOut(t) {
    return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? t * t : --t * (2 - t) + 1) / 2;
  }

  function cubicIn(t) {
    return t * t * t;
  }

  function cubicOut(t) {
    return --t * t * t + 1;
  }

  function easeCubicInOut(t) {
    return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? t * t * t : (t -= 2) * t * t + 2) / 2;
  }

  var exponent = 3;

  var polyIn = (function custom(e) {
    e = +e;

    function polyIn(t) {
      return Math.pow(t, e);
    }

    polyIn.exponent = custom;

    return polyIn;
  })(exponent);

  var polyOut = (function custom(e) {
    e = +e;

    function polyOut(t) {
      return 1 - Math.pow(1 - t, e);
    }

    polyOut.exponent = custom;

    return polyOut;
  })(exponent);

  var polyInOut = (function custom(e) {
    e = +e;

    function polyInOut(t) {
      return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? Math.pow(t, e) : 2 - Math.pow(2 - t, e)) / 2;
    }

    polyInOut.exponent = custom;

    return polyInOut;
  })(exponent);

  var pi = Math.PI;
  var halfPi = pi / 2;
  function sinIn(t) {
    return 1 - Math.cos(t * halfPi);
  }

  function sinOut(t) {
    return Math.sin(t * halfPi);
  }

  function sinInOut(t) {
    return (1 - Math.cos(pi * t)) / 2;
  }

  function expIn(t) {
    return Math.pow(2, 10 * t - 10);
  }

  function expOut(t) {
    return 1 - Math.pow(2, -10 * t);
  }

  function expInOut(t) {
    return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? Math.pow(2, 10 * t - 10) : 2 - Math.pow(2, 10 - 10 * t)) / 2;
  }

  function circleIn(t) {
    return 1 - Math.sqrt(1 - t * t);
  }

  function circleOut(t) {
    return Math.sqrt(1 - --t * t);
  }

  function circleInOut(t) {
    return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? 1 - Math.sqrt(1 - t * t) : Math.sqrt(1 - (t -= 2) * t) + 1) / 2;
  }

  var b1 = 4 / 11;
  var b2 = 6 / 11;
  var b3 = 8 / 11;
  var b4 = 3 / 4;
  var b5 = 9 / 11;
  var b6 = 10 / 11;
  var b7 = 15 / 16;
  var b8 = 21 / 22;
  var b9 = 63 / 64;
  var b0 = 1 / b1 / b1;
  function bounceIn(t) {
    return 1 - bounceOut(1 - t);
  }

  function bounceOut(t) {
    return (t = +t) < b1 ? b0 * t * t : t < b3 ? b0 * (t -= b2) * t + b4 : t < b6 ? b0 * (t -= b5) * t + b7 : b0 * (t -= b8) * t + b9;
  }

  function bounceInOut(t) {
    return ((t *= 2) <= 1 ? 1 - bounceOut(1 - t) : bounceOut(t - 1) + 1) / 2;
  }

  var overshoot = 1.70158;

  var backIn = (function custom(s) {
    s = +s;

    function backIn(t) {
      return t * t * ((s + 1) * t - s);
    }

    backIn.overshoot = custom;

    return backIn;
  })(overshoot);

  var backOut = (function custom(s) {
    s = +s;

    function backOut(t) {
      return --t * t * ((s + 1) * t + s) + 1;
    }

    backOut.overshoot = custom;

    return backOut;
  })(overshoot);

  var backInOut = (function custom(s) {
    s = +s;

    function backInOut(t) {
      return ((t *= 2) < 1 ? t * t * ((s + 1) * t - s) : (t -= 2) * t * ((s + 1) * t + s) + 2) / 2;
    }

    backInOut.overshoot = custom;

    return backInOut;
  })(overshoot);

  var tau = 2 * Math.PI;
  var amplitude = 1;
  var period = 0.3;
  var elasticIn = (function custom(a, p) {
    var s = Math.asin(1 / (a = Math.max(1, a))) * (p /= tau);

    function elasticIn(t) {
      return a * Math.pow(2, 10 * --t) * Math.sin((s - t) / p);
    }

    elasticIn.amplitude = function(a) { return custom(a, p * tau); };
    elasticIn.period = function(p) { return custom(a, p); };

    return elasticIn;
  })(amplitude, period);

  var elasticOut = (function custom(a, p) {
    var s = Math.asin(1 / (a = Math.max(1, a))) * (p /= tau);

    function elasticOut(t) {
      return 1 - a * Math.pow(2, -10 * (t = +t)) * Math.sin((t + s) / p);
    }

    elasticOut.amplitude = function(a) { return custom(a, p * tau); };
    elasticOut.period = function(p) { return custom(a, p); };

    return elasticOut;
  })(amplitude, period);

  var elasticInOut = (function custom(a, p) {
    var s = Math.asin(1 / (a = Math.max(1, a))) * (p /= tau);

    function elasticInOut(t) {
      return ((t = t * 2 - 1) < 0
          ? a * Math.pow(2, 10 * t) * Math.sin((s - t) / p)
          : 2 - a * Math.pow(2, -10 * t) * Math.sin((s + t) / p)) / 2;
    }

    elasticInOut.amplitude = function(a) { return custom(a, p * tau); };
    elasticInOut.period = function(p) { return custom(a, p); };

    return elasticInOut;
  })(amplitude, period);

  function area(polygon) {
    var i = -1,
        n = polygon.length,
        a,
        b = polygon[n - 1],
        area = 0;

    while (++i < n) {
      a = b;
      b = polygon[i];
      area += a[1] * b[0] - a[0] * b[1];
    }

    return area / 2;
  }

  function centroid(polygon) {
    var i = -1,
        n = polygon.length,
        x = 0,
        y = 0,
        a,
        b = polygon[n - 1],
        c,
        k = 0;

    while (++i < n) {
      a = b;
      b = polygon[i];
      k += c = a[0] * b[1] - b[0] * a[1];
      x += (a[0] + b[0]) * c;
      y += (a[1] + b[1]) * c;
    }

    return k *= 3, [x / k, y / k];
  }

  // Returns the 2D cross product of AB and AC vectors, i.e., the z-component of
  // the 3D cross product in a quadrant I Cartesian coordinate system (+x is
  // right, +y is up). Returns a positive value if ABC is counter-clockwise,
  // negative if clockwise, and zero if the points are collinear.
  function cross(a, b, c) {
    return (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
  }

  function lexicographicOrder(a, b) {
    return a[0] - b[0] || a[1] - b[1];
  }

  // Computes the upper convex hull per the monotone chain algorithm.
  // Assumes points.length >= 3, is sorted by x, unique in y.
  // Returns an array of indices into points in left-to-right order.
  function computeUpperHullIndexes(points) {
    var n = points.length,
        indexes = [0, 1],
        size = 2;

    for (var i = 2; i < n; ++i) {
      while (size > 1 && cross(points[indexes[size - 2]], points[indexes[size - 1]], points[i]) <= 0) --size;
      indexes[size++] = i;
    }

    return indexes.slice(0, size); // remove popped points
  }

  function hull(points) {
    if ((n = points.length) < 3) return null;

    var i,
        n,
        sortedPoints = new Array(n),
        flippedPoints = new Array(n);

    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) sortedPoints[i] = [+points[i][0], +points[i][1], i];
    sortedPoints.sort(lexicographicOrder);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) flippedPoints[i] = [sortedPoints[i][0], -sortedPoints[i][1]];

    var upperIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(sortedPoints),
        lowerIndexes = computeUpperHullIndexes(flippedPoints);

    // Construct the hull polygon, removing possible duplicate endpoints.
    var skipLeft = lowerIndexes[0] === upperIndexes[0],
        skipRight = lowerIndexes[lowerIndexes.length - 1] === upperIndexes[upperIndexes.length - 1],
        hull = [];

    // Add upper hull in right-to-l order.
    // Then add lower hull in left-to-right order.
    for (i = upperIndexes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) hull.push(points[sortedPoints[upperIndexes[i]][2]]);
    for (i = +skipLeft; i < lowerIndexes.length - skipRight; ++i) hull.push(points[sortedPoints[lowerIndexes[i]][2]]);

    return hull;
  }

  function contains(polygon, point) {
    var n = polygon.length,
        p = polygon[n - 1],
        x = point[0], y = point[1],
        x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1],
        x1, y1,
        inside = false;

    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      p = polygon[i], x1 = p[0], y1 = p[1];
      if (((y1 > y) !== (y0 > y)) && (x < (x0 - x1) * (y - y1) / (y0 - y1) + x1)) inside = !inside;
      x0 = x1, y0 = y1;
    }

    return inside;
  }

  function length$1(polygon) {
    var i = -1,
        n = polygon.length,
        b = polygon[n - 1],
        xa,
        ya,
        xb = b[0],
        yb = b[1],
        perimeter = 0;

    while (++i < n) {
      xa = xb;
      ya = yb;
      b = polygon[i];
      xb = b[0];
      yb = b[1];
      xa -= xb;
      ya -= yb;
      perimeter += Math.sqrt(xa * xa + ya * ya);
    }

    return perimeter;
  }

var   pi$1 = Math.PI;
var   tau$1 = 2 * pi$1;
  var epsilon = 1e-6;
  var tauEpsilon = tau$1 - epsilon;
  function Path() {
    this._x0 = this._y0 = // start of current subpath
    this._x1 = this._y1 = null; // end of current subpath
    this._ = [];
  }

  function path() {
    return new Path;
  }

  Path.prototype = path.prototype = {
    constructor: Path,
    moveTo: function(x, y) {
      this._.push("M", this._x0 = this._x1 = +x, ",", this._y0 = this._y1 = +y);
    },
    closePath: function() {
      if (this._x1 !== null) {
        this._x1 = this._x0, this._y1 = this._y0;
        this._.push("Z");
      }
    },
    lineTo: function(x, y) {
      this._.push("L", this._x1 = +x, ",", this._y1 = +y);
    },
    quadraticCurveTo: function(x1, y1, x, y) {
      this._.push("Q", +x1, ",", +y1, ",", this._x1 = +x, ",", this._y1 = +y);
    },
    bezierCurveTo: function(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) {
      this._.push("C", +x1, ",", +y1, ",", +x2, ",", +y2, ",", this._x1 = +x, ",", this._y1 = +y);
    },
    arcTo: function(x1, y1, x2, y2, r) {
      x1 = +x1, y1 = +y1, x2 = +x2, y2 = +y2, r = +r;
      var x0 = this._x1,
          y0 = this._y1,
          x21 = x2 - x1,
          y21 = y2 - y1,
          x01 = x0 - x1,
          y01 = y0 - y1,
          l01_2 = x01 * x01 + y01 * y01;

      // Is the radius negative? Error.
      if (r < 0) throw new Error("negative radius: " + r);

      // Is this path empty? Move to (x1,y1).
      if (this._x1 === null) {
        this._.push(
          "M", this._x1 = x1, ",", this._y1 = y1
        );
      }

      // Or, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x0,y0)? Do nothing.
      else if (!(l01_2 > epsilon));

      // Or, are (x0,y0), (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) collinear?
      // Equivalently, is (x1,y1) coincident with (x2,y2)?
      // Or, is the radius zero? Line to (x1,y1).
      else if (!(Math.abs(y01 * x21 - y21 * x01) > epsilon) || !r) {
        this._.push(
          "L", this._x1 = x1, ",", this._y1 = y1
        );
      }

      // Otherwise, draw an arc!
      else {
        var x20 = x2 - x0,
            y20 = y2 - y0,
            l21_2 = x21 * x21 + y21 * y21,
            l20_2 = x20 * x20 + y20 * y20,
            l21 = Math.sqrt(l21_2),
            l01 = Math.sqrt(l01_2),
            l = r * Math.tan((pi$1 - Math.acos((l21_2 + l01_2 - l20_2) / (2 * l21 * l01))) / 2),
            t01 = l / l01,
            t21 = l / l21;

        // If the start tangent is not coincident with (x0,y0), line to.
        if (Math.abs(t01 - 1) > epsilon) {
          this._.push(
            "L", x1 + t01 * x01, ",", y1 + t01 * y01
          );
        }

        this._.push(
          "A", r, ",", r, ",0,0,", +(y01 * x20 > x01 * y20), ",", this._x1 = x1 + t21 * x21, ",", this._y1 = y1 + t21 * y21
        );
      }
    },
    arc: function(x, y, r, a0, a1, ccw) {
      x = +x, y = +y, r = +r;
      var dx = r * Math.cos(a0),
          dy = r * Math.sin(a0),
          x0 = x + dx,
          y0 = y + dy,
          cw = 1 ^ ccw,
          da = ccw ? a0 - a1 : a1 - a0;

      // Is the radius negative? Error.
      if (r < 0) throw new Error("negative radius: " + r);

      // Is this path empty? Move to (x0,y0).
      if (this._x1 === null) {
        this._.push(
          "M", x0, ",", y0
        );
      }

      // Or, is (x0,y0) not coincident with the previous point? Line to (x0,y0).
      else if (Math.abs(this._x1 - x0) > epsilon || Math.abs(this._y1 - y0) > epsilon) {
        this._.push(
          "L", x0, ",", y0
        );
      }

      // Is this arc empty? We’re done.
      if (!r) return;

      // Is this a complete circle? Draw two arcs to complete the circle.
      if (da > tauEpsilon) {
        this._.push(
          "A", r, ",", r, ",0,1,", cw, ",", x - dx, ",", y - dy,
          "A", r, ",", r, ",0,1,", cw, ",", this._x1 = x0, ",", this._y1 = y0
        );
      }

      // Otherwise, draw an arc!
      else {
        if (da < 0) da = da % tau$1 + tau$1;
        this._.push(
          "A", r, ",", r, ",0,", +(da >= pi$1), ",", cw, ",", this._x1 = x + r * Math.cos(a1), ",", this._y1 = y + r * Math.sin(a1)
        );
      }
    },
    rect: function(x, y, w, h) {
      this._.push("M", this._x0 = this._x1 = +x, ",", this._y0 = this._y1 = +y, "h", +w, "v", +h, "h", -w, "Z");
    },
    toString: function() {
      return this._.join("");
    }
  };

  function tree_add(d) {
    var x = +this._x.call(null, d),
        y = +this._y.call(null, d);
    return add(this.cover(x, y), x, y, d);
  }

  function add(tree, x, y, d) {
    if (isNaN(x) || isNaN(y)) return tree; // ignore invalid points

    var parent,
        node = tree._root,
        leaf = {data: d},
        x0 = tree._x0,
        y0 = tree._y0,
        x1 = tree._x1,
        y1 = tree._y1,
        xm,
        ym,
        xp,
        yp,
        right,
        bottom,
        i,
        j;

    // If the tree is empty, initialize the root as a leaf.
    if (!node) return tree._root = leaf, tree;

    // Find the existing leaf for the new point, or add it.
    while (node.length) {
      if (right = x >= (xm = (x0 + x1) / 2)) x0 = xm; else x1 = xm;
      if (bottom = y >= (ym = (y0 + y1) / 2)) y0 = ym; else y1 = ym;
      if (parent = node, !(node = node[i = bottom << 1 | right])) return parent[i] = leaf, tree;
    }

    // Is the new point is exactly coincident with the existing point?
    xp = +tree._x.call(null, node.data);
    yp = +tree._y.call(null, node.data);
    if (x === xp && y === yp) return leaf.next = node, parent ? parent[i] = leaf : tree._root = leaf, tree;

    // Otherwise, split the leaf node until the old and new point are separated.
    do {
      parent = parent ? parent[i] = new Array(4) : tree._root = new Array(4);
      if (right = x >= (xm = (x0 + x1) / 2)) x0 = xm; else x1 = xm;
      if (bottom = y >= (ym = (y0 + y1) / 2)) y0 = ym; else y1 = ym;
    } while ((i = bottom << 1 | right) === (j = (yp >= ym) << 1 | (xp >= xm)));
    return parent[j] = node, parent[i] = leaf, tree;
  }

  function addAll(data) {
    var d, i, n = data.length,
        x,
        y,
        xz = new Array(n),
        yz = new Array(n),
        x0 = Infinity,
        y0 = Infinity,
        x1 = -Infinity,
        y1 = -Infinity;

    // Compute the points and their extent.
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      if (isNaN(x = +this._x.call(null, d = data[i])) || isNaN(y = +this._y.call(null, d))) continue;
      xz[i] = x;
      yz[i] = y;
      if (x < x0) x0 = x;
      if (x > x1) x1 = x;
      if (y < y0) y0 = y;
      if (y > y1) y1 = y;
    }

    // If there were no (valid) points, inherit the existing extent.
    if (x1 < x0) x0 = this._x0, x1 = this._x1;
    if (y1 < y0) y0 = this._y0, y1 = this._y1;

    // Expand the tree to cover the new points.
    this.cover(x0, y0).cover(x1, y1);

    // Add the new points.
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      add(this, xz[i], yz[i], data[i]);
    }

    return this;
  }

  function tree_cover(x, y) {
    if (isNaN(x = +x) || isNaN(y = +y)) return this; // ignore invalid points

    var x0 = this._x0,
        y0 = this._y0,
        x1 = this._x1,
        y1 = this._y1;

    // If the quadtree has no extent, initialize them.
    // Integer extent are necessary so that if we later double the extent,
    // the existing quadrant boundaries don’t change due to floating point error!
    if (isNaN(x0)) {
      x1 = (x0 = Math.floor(x)) + 1;
      y1 = (y0 = Math.floor(y)) + 1;
    }

    // Otherwise, double repeatedly to cover.
    else if (x0 > x || x > x1 || y0 > y || y > y1) {
      var z = x1 - x0,
          node = this._root,
          parent,
          i;

      switch (i = (y < (y0 + y1) / 2) << 1 | (x < (x0 + x1) / 2)) {
        case 0: {
          do parent = new Array(4), parent[i] = node, node = parent;
          while (z *= 2, x1 = x0 + z, y1 = y0 + z, x > x1 || y > y1);
          break;
        }
        case 1: {
          do parent = new Array(4), parent[i] = node, node = parent;
          while (z *= 2, x0 = x1 - z, y1 = y0 + z, x0 > x || y > y1);
          break;
        }
        case 2: {
          do parent = new Array(4), parent[i] = node, node = parent;
          while (z *= 2, x1 = x0 + z, y0 = y1 - z, x > x1 || y0 > y);
          break;
        }
        case 3: {
          do parent = new Array(4), parent[i] = node, node = parent;
          while (z *= 2, x0 = x1 - z, y0 = y1 - z, x0 > x || y0 > y);
          break;
        }
      }

      if (this._root && this._root.length) this._root = node;
    }

    // If the quadtree covers the point already, just return.
    else return this;

    this._x0 = x0;
    this._y0 = y0;
    this._x1 = x1;
    this._y1 = y1;
    return this;
  }

  function tree_data() {
    var data = [];
    this.visit(function(node) {
      if (!node.length) do data.push(node.data); while (node = node.next)
    });
    return data;
  }

  function tree_extent(_) {
    return arguments.length
        ? this.cover(+_[0][0], +_[0][1]).cover(+_[1][0], +_[1][1])
        : isNaN(this._x0) ? undefined : [[this._x0, this._y0], [this._x1, this._y1]];
  }

  function Quad(node, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    this.node = node;
    this.x0 = x0;
    this.y0 = y0;
    this.x1 = x1;
    this.y1 = y1;
  }

  function tree_find(x, y, radius) {
    var data,
        x0 = this._x0,
        y0 = this._y0,
        x1,
        y1,
        x2,
        y2,
        x3 = this._x1,
        y3 = this._y1,
        quads = [],
        node = this._root,
        q,
        i;

    if (node) quads.push(new Quad(node, x0, y0, x3, y3));
    if (radius == null) radius = Infinity;
    else {
      x0 = x - radius, y0 = y - radius;
      x3 = x + radius, y3 = y + radius;
      radius *= radius;
    }

    while (q = quads.pop()) {

      // Stop searching if this quadrant can’t contain a closer node.
      if (!(node = q.node)
          || (x1 = q.x0) > x3
          || (y1 = q.y0) > y3
          || (x2 = q.x1) < x0
          || (y2 = q.y1) < y0) continue;

      // Bisect the current quadrant.
      if (node.length) {
        var xm = (x1 + x2) / 2,
            ym = (y1 + y2) / 2;

        quads.push(
          new Quad(node[3], xm, ym, x2, y2),
          new Quad(node[2], x1, ym, xm, y2),
          new Quad(node[1], xm, y1, x2, ym),
          new Quad(node[0], x1, y1, xm, ym)
        );

        // Visit the closest quadrant first.
        if (i = (y >= ym) << 1 | (x >= xm)) {
          q = quads[quads.length - 1];
          quads[quads.length - 1] = quads[quads.length - 1 - i];
          quads[quads.length - 1 - i] = q;
        }
      }

      // Visit this point. (Visiting coincident points isn’t necessary!)
      else {
        var dx = x - +this._x.call(null, node.data),
            dy = y - +this._y.call(null, node.data),
            d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
        if (d2 < radius) {
          var d = Math.sqrt(radius = d2);
          x0 = x - d, y0 = y - d;
          x3 = x + d, y3 = y + d;
          data = node.data;
        }
      }
    }

    return data;
  }

  function tree_remove(d) {
    if (isNaN(x = +this._x.call(null, d)) || isNaN(y = +this._y.call(null, d))) return this; // ignore invalid points

    var parent,
        node = this._root,
        retainer,
        previous,
        next,
        x0 = this._x0,
        y0 = this._y0,
        x1 = this._x1,
        y1 = this._y1,
        x,
        y,
        xm,
        ym,
        right,
        bottom,
        i,
        j;

    // If the tree is empty, initialize the root as a leaf.
    if (!node) return this;

    // Find the leaf node for the point.
    // While descending, also retain the deepest parent with a non-removed sibling.
    if (node.length) while (true) {
      if (right = x >= (xm = (x0 + x1) / 2)) x0 = xm; else x1 = xm;
      if (bottom = y >= (ym = (y0 + y1) / 2)) y0 = ym; else y1 = ym;
      if (!(parent = node, node = node[i = bottom << 1 | right])) return this;
      if (!node.length) break;
      if (parent[(i + 1) & 3] || parent[(i + 2) & 3] || parent[(i + 3) & 3]) retainer = parent, j = i;
    }

    // Find the point to remove.
    while (node.data !== d) if (!(previous = node, node = node.next)) return this;
    if (next = node.next) delete node.next;

    // If there are multiple coincident points, remove just the point.
    if (previous) return (next ? previous.next = next : delete previous.next), this;

    // If this is the root point, remove it.
    if (!parent) return this._root = next, this;

    // Remove this leaf.
    next ? parent[i] = next : delete parent[i];

    // If the parent now contains exactly one leaf, collapse superfluous parents.
    if ((node = parent[0] || parent[1] || parent[2] || parent[3])
        && node === (parent[3] || parent[2] || parent[1] || parent[0])
        && !node.length) {
      if (retainer) retainer[j] = node;
      else this._root = node;
    }

    return this;
  }

  function removeAll(data) {
    for (var i = 0, n = data.length; i < n; ++i) this.remove(data[i]);
    return this;
  }

  function tree_root() {
    return this._root;
  }

  function tree_size() {
    var size = 0;
    this.visit(function(node) {
      if (!node.length) do ++size; while (node = node.next)
    });
    return size;
  }

  function tree_visit(callback) {
    var quads = [], q, node = this._root, child, x0, y0, x1, y1;
    if (node) quads.push(new Quad(node, this._x0, this._y0, this._x1, this._y1));
    while (q = quads.pop()) {
      if (!callback(node = q.node, x0 = q.x0, y0 = q.y0, x1 = q.x1, y1 = q.y1) && node.length) {
        var xm = (x0 + x1) / 2, ym = (y0 + y1) / 2;
        if (child = node[3]) quads.push(new Quad(child, xm, ym, x1, y1));
        if (child = node[2]) quads.push(new Quad(child, x0, ym, xm, y1));
        if (child = node[1]) quads.push(new Quad(child, xm, y0, x1, ym));
        if (child = node[0]) quads.push(new Quad(child, x0, y0, xm, ym));
      }
    }
    return this;
  }

  function tree_visitAfter(callback) {
    var quads = [], next = [], q;
    if (this._root) quads.push(new Quad(this._root, this._x0, this._y0, this._x1, this._y1));
    while (q = quads.pop()) {
      var node = q.node;
      if (node.length) {
        var child, x0 = q.x0, y0 = q.y0, x1 = q.x1, y1 = q.y1, xm = (x0 + x1) / 2, ym = (y0 + y1) / 2;
        if (child = node[0]) quads.push(new Quad(child, x0, y0, xm, ym));
        if (child = node[1]) quads.push(new Quad(child, xm, y0, x1, ym));
        if (child = node[2]) quads.push(new Quad(child, x0, ym, xm, y1));
        if (child = node[3]) quads.push(new Quad(child, xm, ym, x1, y1));
      }
      next.push(q);
    }
    while (q = next.pop()) {
      callback(q.node, q.x0, q.y0, q.x1, q.y1);
    }
    return this;
  }

  function defaultX(d) {
    return d[0];
  }

  function tree_x(_) {
    return arguments.length ? (this._x = _, this) : this._x;
  }

  function defaultY(d) {
    return d[1];
  }

  function tree_y(_) {
    return arguments.length ? (this._y = _, this) : this._y;
  }

  function quadtree(nodes, x, y) {
    var tree = new Quadtree(x == null ? defaultX : x, y == null ? defaultY : y, NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN);
    return nodes == null ? tree : tree.addAll(nodes);
  }

  function Quadtree(x, y, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    this._x = x;
    this._y = y;
    this._x0 = x0;
    this._y0 = y0;
    this._x1 = x1;
    this._y1 = y1;
    this._root = undefined;
  }

  function leaf_copy(leaf) {
    var copy = {data: leaf.data}, next = copy;
    while (leaf = leaf.next) next = next.next = {data: leaf.data};
    return copy;
  }

  var treeProto = quadtree.prototype = Quadtree.prototype;

  treeProto.copy = function() {
    var copy = new Quadtree(this._x, this._y, this._x0, this._y0, this._x1, this._y1),
        node = this._root,
        nodes,
        child;

    if (!node) return copy;

    if (!node.length) return copy._root = leaf_copy(node), copy;

    nodes = [{source: node, target: copy._root = new Array(4)}];
    while (node = nodes.pop()) {
      for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        if (child = node.source[i]) {
          if (child.length) nodes.push({source: child, target: node.target[i] = new Array(4)});
          else node.target[i] = leaf_copy(child);
        }
      }
    }

    return copy;
  };

  treeProto.add = tree_add;
  treeProto.addAll = addAll;
  treeProto.cover = tree_cover;
  treeProto.data = tree_data;
  treeProto.extent = tree_extent;
  treeProto.find = tree_find;
  treeProto.remove = tree_remove;
  treeProto.removeAll = removeAll;
  treeProto.root = tree_root;
  treeProto.size = tree_size;
  treeProto.visit = tree_visit;
  treeProto.visitAfter = tree_visitAfter;
  treeProto.x = tree_x;
  treeProto.y = tree_y;

  var slice$1 = [].slice;

  var noabort = {};

  function Queue(size) {
    if (!(size >= 1)) throw new Error;
    this._size = size;
    this._call =
    this._error = null;
    this._tasks = [];
    this._data = [];
    this._waiting =
    this._active =
    this._ended =
    this._start = 0; // inside a synchronous task callback?
  }

  Queue.prototype = queue.prototype = {
    constructor: Queue,
    defer: function(callback) {
      if (typeof callback !== "function" || this._call) throw new Error;
      if (this._error != null) return this;
      var t = slice$1.call(arguments, 1);
      t.push(callback);
      ++this._waiting, this._tasks.push(t);
      poke(this);
      return this;
    },
    abort: function() {
      if (this._error == null) abort(this, new Error("abort"));
      return this;
    },
    await: function(callback) {
      if (typeof callback !== "function" || this._call) throw new Error;
      this._call = function(error, results) { callback.apply(null, [error].concat(results)); };
      maybeNotify(this);
      return this;
    },
    awaitAll: function(callback) {
      if (typeof callback !== "function" || this._call) throw new Error;
      this._call = callback;
      maybeNotify(this);
      return this;
    }
  };

  function poke(q) {
    if (!q._start) try { start(q); } // let the current task complete
    catch (e) { if (q._tasks[q._ended + q._active - 1]) abort(q, e); } // task errored synchronously
  }

  function start(q) {
    while (q._start = q._waiting && q._active < q._size) {
      var i = q._ended + q._active,
          t = q._tasks[i],
          j = t.length - 1,
          c = t[j];
      t[j] = end(q, i);
      --q._waiting, ++q._active;
      t = c.apply(null, t);
      if (!q._tasks[i]) continue; // task finished synchronously
      q._tasks[i] = t || noabort;
    }
  }

  function end(q, i) {
    return function(e, r) {
      if (!q._tasks[i]) return; // ignore multiple callbacks
      --q._active, ++q._ended;
      q._tasks[i] = null;
      if (q._error != null) return; // ignore secondary errors
      if (e != null) {
        abort(q, e);
      } else {
        q._data[i] = r;
        if (q._waiting) poke(q);
        else maybeNotify(q);
      }
    };
  }

  function abort(q, e) {
    var i = q._tasks.length, t;
    q._error = e; // ignore active callbacks
    q._data = undefined; // allow gc
    q._waiting = NaN; // prevent starting

    while (--i >= 0) {
      if (t = q._tasks[i]) {
        q._tasks[i] = null;
        if (t.abort) try { t.abort(); }
        catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
      }
    }

    q._active = NaN; // allow notification
    maybeNotify(q);
  }

  function maybeNotify(q) {
    if (!q._active && q._call) q._call(q._error, q._data);
  }

  function queue(concurrency) {
    return new Queue(arguments.length ? +concurrency : Infinity);
  }

  function constant$1(x) {
    return function constant() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  var epsilon$1 = 1e-12;
  var pi$2 = Math.PI;
  var halfPi$1 = pi$2 / 2;
  var tau$2 = 2 * pi$2;

  function arcInnerRadius(d) {
    return d.innerRadius;
  }

  function arcOuterRadius(d) {
    return d.outerRadius;
  }

  function arcStartAngle(d) {
    return d.startAngle;
  }

  function arcEndAngle(d) {
    return d.endAngle;
  }

  function arcPadAngle(d) {
    return d && d.padAngle; // Note: optional!
  }

  function asin(x) {
    return x >= 1 ? halfPi$1 : x <= -1 ? -halfPi$1 : Math.asin(x);
  }

  function intersect(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3) {
    var x10 = x1 - x0, y10 = y1 - y0,
        x32 = x3 - x2, y32 = y3 - y2,
        t = (x32 * (y0 - y2) - y32 * (x0 - x2)) / (y32 * x10 - x32 * y10);
    return [x0 + t * x10, y0 + t * y10];
  }

  // Compute perpendicular offset line of length rc.
  // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Circle-LineIntersection.html
  function cornerTangents(x0, y0, x1, y1, r1, rc, cw) {
    var x01 = x0 - x1,
        y01 = y0 - y1,
        lo = (cw ? rc : -rc) / Math.sqrt(x01 * x01 + y01 * y01),
        ox = lo * y01,
        oy = -lo * x01,
        x11 = x0 + ox,
        y11 = y0 + oy,
        x10 = x1 + ox,
        y10 = y1 + oy,
        x00 = (x11 + x10) / 2,
        y00 = (y11 + y10) / 2,
        dx = x10 - x11,
        dy = y10 - y11,
        d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy,
        r = r1 - rc,
        D = x11 * y10 - x10 * y11,
        d = (dy < 0 ? -1 : 1) * Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, r * r * d2 - D * D)),
        cx0 = (D * dy - dx * d) / d2,
        cy0 = (-D * dx - dy * d) / d2,
        cx1 = (D * dy + dx * d) / d2,
        cy1 = (-D * dx + dy * d) / d2,
        dx0 = cx0 - x00,
        dy0 = cy0 - y00,
        dx1 = cx1 - x00,
        dy1 = cy1 - y00;

    // Pick the closer of the two intersection points.
    // TODO Is there a faster way to determine which intersection to use?
    if (dx0 * dx0 + dy0 * dy0 > dx1 * dx1 + dy1 * dy1) cx0 = cx1, cy0 = cy1;

    return {
      cx: cx0,
      cy: cy0,
      x01: -ox,
      y01: -oy,
      x11: cx0 * (r1 / r - 1),
      y11: cy0 * (r1 / r - 1)
    };
  }

  function arc() {
    var innerRadius = arcInnerRadius,
        outerRadius = arcOuterRadius,
        cornerRadius = constant$1(0),
        padRadius = null,
        startAngle = arcStartAngle,
        endAngle = arcEndAngle,
        padAngle = arcPadAngle,
        context = null;

    function arc() {
      var buffer,
          r,
          r0 = +innerRadius.apply(this, arguments),
          r1 = +outerRadius.apply(this, arguments),
          a0 = startAngle.apply(this, arguments) - halfPi$1,
          a1 = endAngle.apply(this, arguments) - halfPi$1,
          da = Math.abs(a1 - a0),
          cw = a1 > a0;

      if (!context) context = buffer = path();

      // Ensure that the outer radius is always larger than the inner radius.
      if (r1 < r0) r = r1, r1 = r0, r0 = r;

      // Is it a point?
      if (!(r1 > epsilon$1)) context.moveTo(0, 0);

      // Or is it a circle or annulus?
      else if (da > tau$2 - epsilon$1) {
        context.moveTo(r1 * Math.cos(a0), r1 * Math.sin(a0));
        context.arc(0, 0, r1, a0, a1, !cw);
        if (r0 > epsilon$1) {
          context.moveTo(r0 * Math.cos(a1), r0 * Math.sin(a1));
          context.arc(0, 0, r0, a1, a0, cw);
        }
      }

      // Or is it a circular or annular sector?
      else {
        var a01 = a0,
            a11 = a1,
            a00 = a0,
            a10 = a1,
            da0 = da,
            da1 = da,
            ap = padAngle.apply(this, arguments) / 2,
            rp = (ap > epsilon$1) && (padRadius ? +padRadius.apply(this, arguments) : Math.sqrt(r0 * r0 + r1 * r1)),
            rc = Math.min(Math.abs(r1 - r0) / 2, +cornerRadius.apply(this, arguments)),
            rc0 = rc,
            rc1 = rc,
            t0,
            t1;

        // Apply padding? Note that since r1 ≥ r0, da1 ≥ da0.
        if (rp > epsilon$1) {
          var p0 = asin(rp / r0 * Math.sin(ap)),
              p1 = asin(rp / r1 * Math.sin(ap));
          if ((da0 -= p0 * 2) > epsilon$1) p0 *= (cw ? 1 : -1), a00 += p0, a10 -= p0;
          else da0 = 0, a00 = a10 = (a0 + a1) / 2;
          if ((da1 -= p1 * 2) > epsilon$1) p1 *= (cw ? 1 : -1), a01 += p1, a11 -= p1;
          else da1 = 0, a01 = a11 = (a0 + a1) / 2;
        }

        var x01 = r1 * Math.cos(a01),
            y01 = r1 * Math.sin(a01),
            x10 = r0 * Math.cos(a10),
            y10 = r0 * Math.sin(a10);

        // Apply rounded corners?
        if (rc > epsilon$1) {
          var x11 = r1 * Math.cos(a11),
              y11 = r1 * Math.sin(a11),
              x00 = r0 * Math.cos(a00),
              y00 = r0 * Math.sin(a00);

          // Restrict the corner radius according to the sector angle.
          if (da < pi$2) {
            var oc = da0 > epsilon$1 ? intersect(x01, y01, x00, y00, x11, y11, x10, y10) : [x10, y10],
                ax = x01 - oc[0],
                ay = y01 - oc[1],
                bx = x11 - oc[0],
                by = y11 - oc[1],
                kc = 1 / Math.sin(Math.acos((ax * bx + ay * by) / (Math.sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay) * Math.sqrt(bx * bx + by * by))) / 2),
                lc = Math.sqrt(oc[0] * oc[0] + oc[1] * oc[1]);
            rc0 = Math.min(rc, (r0 - lc) / (kc - 1));
            rc1 = Math.min(rc, (r1 - lc) / (kc + 1));
          }
        }

        // Is the sector collapsed to a line?
        if (!(da1 > epsilon$1)) context.moveTo(x01, y01);

        // Does the sector’s outer ring have rounded corners?
        else if (rc1 > epsilon$1) {
          t0 = cornerTangents(x00, y00, x01, y01, r1, rc1, cw);
          t1 = cornerTangents(x11, y11, x10, y10, r1, rc1, cw);

          context.moveTo(t0.cx + t0.x01, t0.cy + t0.y01);

          // Have the corners merged?
          if (rc1 < rc) context.arc(t0.cx, t0.cy, rc1, Math.atan2(t0.y01, t0.x01), Math.atan2(t1.y01, t1.x01), !cw);

          // Otherwise, draw the two corners and the ring.
          else {
            context.arc(t0.cx, t0.cy, rc1, Math.atan2(t0.y01, t0.x01), Math.atan2(t0.y11, t0.x11), !cw);
            context.arc(0, 0, r1, Math.atan2(t0.cy + t0.y11, t0.cx + t0.x11), Math.atan2(t1.cy + t1.y11, t1.cx + t1.x11), !cw);
            context.arc(t1.cx, t1.cy, rc1, Math.atan2(t1.y11, t1.x11), Math.atan2(t1.y01, t1.x01), !cw);
          }
        }

        // Or is the outer ring just a circular arc?
        else context.moveTo(x01, y01), context.arc(0, 0, r1, a01, a11, !cw);

        // Is there no inner ring, and it’s a circular sector?
        // Or perhaps it’s an annular sector collapsed due to padding?
        if (!(r0 > epsilon$1) || !(da0 > epsilon$1)) context.lineTo(x10, y10);

        // Does the sector’s inner ring (or point) have rounded corners?
        else if (rc0 > epsilon$1) {
          t0 = cornerTangents(x10, y10, x11, y11, r0, -rc0, cw);
          t1 = cornerTangents(x01, y01, x00, y00, r0, -rc0, cw);

          context.lineTo(t0.cx + t0.x01, t0.cy + t0.y01);

          // Have the corners merged?
          if (rc0 < rc) context.arc(t0.cx, t0.cy, rc0, Math.atan2(t0.y01, t0.x01), Math.atan2(t1.y01, t1.x01), !cw);

          // Otherwise, draw the two corners and the ring.
          else {
            context.arc(t0.cx, t0.cy, rc0, Math.atan2(t0.y01, t0.x01), Math.atan2(t0.y11, t0.x11), !cw);
            context.arc(0, 0, r0, Math.atan2(t0.cy + t0.y11, t0.cx + t0.x11), Math.atan2(t1.cy + t1.y11, t1.cx + t1.x11), cw);
            context.arc(t1.cx, t1.cy, rc0, Math.atan2(t1.y11, t1.x11), Math.atan2(t1.y01, t1.x01), !cw);
          }
        }

        // Or is the inner ring just a circular arc?
        else context.arc(0, 0, r0, a10, a00, cw);
      }

      context.closePath();

      if (buffer) return context = null, buffer + "" || null;
    }

    arc.centroid = function() {
      var r = (+innerRadius.apply(this, arguments) + +outerRadius.apply(this, arguments)) / 2,
          a = (+startAngle.apply(this, arguments) + +endAngle.apply(this, arguments)) / 2 - pi$2 / 2;
      return [Math.cos(a) * r, Math.sin(a) * r];
    };

    arc.innerRadius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (innerRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : innerRadius;
    };

    arc.outerRadius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (outerRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : outerRadius;
    };

    arc.cornerRadius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (cornerRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : cornerRadius;
    };

    arc.padRadius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (padRadius = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : padRadius;
    };

    arc.startAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (startAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : startAngle;
    };

    arc.endAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (endAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : endAngle;
    };

    arc.padAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (padAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), arc) : padAngle;
    };

    arc.context = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? ((context = _ == null ? null : _), arc) : context;
    };

    return arc;
  }

  function Linear(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  Linear.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; // proceed
        default: this._context.lineTo(x, y); break;
      }
    }
  };

  function curveLinear(context) {
    return new Linear(context);
  }

  function x(p) {
    return p[0];
  }

  function y(p) {
    return p[1];
  }

  function line() {
    var x$$ = x,
        y$$ = y,
        defined = constant$1(true),
        context = null,
        curve = curveLinear,
        output = null;

    function line(data) {
      var i,
          n = data.length,
          d,
          defined0 = false,
          buffer;

      if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());

      for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
        if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {
          if (defined0 = !defined0) output.lineStart();
          else output.lineEnd();
        }
        if (defined0) output.point(+x$$(d, i, data), +y$$(d, i, data));
      }

      if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + "" || null;
    }

    line.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x$$ = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), line) : x$$;
    };

    line.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y$$ = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), line) : y$$;
    };

    line.defined = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(!!_), line) : defined;
    };

    line.curve = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), line) : curve;
    };

    line.context = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), line) : context;
    };

    return line;
  }

  function area$1() {
    var x0 = x,
        x1 = null,
        y0 = constant$1(0),
        y1 = y,
        defined = constant$1(true),
        context = null,
        curve = curveLinear,
        output = null;

    function area(data) {
      var i,
          j,
          k,
          n = data.length,
          d,
          defined0 = false,
          buffer,
          x0z = new Array(n),
          y0z = new Array(n);

      if (context == null) output = curve(buffer = path());

      for (i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
        if (!(i < n && defined(d = data[i], i, data)) === defined0) {
          if (defined0 = !defined0) {
            j = i;
            output.areaStart();
            output.lineStart();
          } else {
            output.lineEnd();
            output.lineStart();
            for (k = i - 1; k >= j; --k) {
              output.point(x0z[k], y0z[k]);
            }
            output.lineEnd();
            output.areaEnd();
          }
        }
        if (defined0) {
          x0z[i] = +x0(d, i, data), y0z[i] = +y0(d, i, data);
          output.point(x1 ? +x1(d, i, data) : x0z[i], y1 ? +y1(d, i, data) : y0z[i]);
        }
      }

      if (buffer) return output = null, buffer + "" || null;
    }

    function arealine() {
      return line().defined(defined).curve(curve).context(context);
    }

    area.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), x1 = null, area) : x0;
    };

    area.x0 = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x0 = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), area) : x0;
    };

    area.x1 = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), area) : x1;
    };

    area.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), y1 = null, area) : y0;
    };

    area.y0 = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y0 = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), area) : y0;
    };

    area.y1 = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y1 = _ == null ? null : typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), area) : y1;
    };

    area.lineX0 =
    area.lineY0 = function() {
      return arealine().x(x0).y(y0);
    };

    area.lineY1 = function() {
      return arealine().x(x0).y(y1);
    };

    area.lineX1 = function() {
      return arealine().x(x1).y(y0);
    };

    area.defined = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (defined = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(!!_), area) : defined;
    };

    area.curve = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (curve = _, context != null && (output = curve(context)), area) : curve;
    };

    area.context = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? context = output = null : output = curve(context = _), area) : context;
    };

    return area;
  }

  function descending$1(a, b) {
    return b < a ? -1 : b > a ? 1 : b >= a ? 0 : NaN;
  }

  function identity$1(d) {
    return d;
  }

  function pie() {
    var value = identity$1,
        sortValues = descending$1,
        sort = null,
        startAngle = constant$1(0),
        endAngle = constant$1(tau$2),
        padAngle = constant$1(0);

    function pie(data) {
      var i,
          n = data.length,
          j,
          k,
          sum = 0,
          index = new Array(n),
          arcs = new Array(n),
          a0 = +startAngle.apply(this, arguments),
          da = Math.min(tau$2, Math.max(-tau$2, endAngle.apply(this, arguments) - a0)),
          a1,
          p = Math.min(Math.abs(da) / n, padAngle.apply(this, arguments)),
          pa = p * (da < 0 ? -1 : 1),
          v;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((v = arcs[index[i] = i] = +value(data[i], i, data)) > 0) {
          sum += v;
        }
      }

      // Optionally sort the arcs by previously-computed values or by data.
      if (sortValues != null) index.sort(function(i, j) { return sortValues(arcs[i], arcs[j]); });
      else if (sort != null) index.sort(function(i, j) { return sort(data[i], data[j]); });

      // Compute the arcs! They are stored in the original data's order.
      for (i = 0, k = sum ? (da - n * pa) / sum : 0; i < n; ++i, a0 = a1) {
        j = index[i], v = arcs[j], a1 = a0 + (v > 0 ? v * k : 0) + pa, arcs[j] = {
          data: data[j],
          index: i,
          value: v,
          startAngle: a0,
          endAngle: a1,
          padAngle: p
        };
      }

      return arcs;
    }

    pie.value = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (value = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), pie) : value;
    };

    pie.sortValues = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (sortValues = _, sort = null, pie) : sortValues;
    };

    pie.sort = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (sort = _, sortValues = null, pie) : sort;
    };

    pie.startAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (startAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), pie) : startAngle;
    };

    pie.endAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (endAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), pie) : endAngle;
    };

    pie.padAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (padAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), pie) : padAngle;
    };

    return pie;
  }

  var curveRadialLinear = curveRadial(curveLinear);

  function Radial(curve) {
    this._curve = curve;
  }

  Radial.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._curve.areaStart();
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._curve.areaEnd();
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._curve.lineStart();
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      this._curve.lineEnd();
    },
    point: function(a, r) {
      this._curve.point(r * Math.sin(a), r * -Math.cos(a));
    }
  };

  function curveRadial(curve) {

    function radial(context) {
      return new Radial(curve(context));
    }

    radial._curve = curve;

    return radial;
  }

  function radialLine(l) {
    var c = l.curve;

    l.angle = l.x, delete l.x;
    l.radius = l.y, delete l.y;

    l.curve = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? c(curveRadial(_)) : c()._curve;
    };

    return l;
  }

  function radialLine$1() {
    return radialLine(line().curve(curveRadialLinear));
  }

  function radialArea() {
    var a = area$1().curve(curveRadialLinear),
        c = a.curve,
        x0 = a.lineX0,
        x1 = a.lineX1,
        y0 = a.lineY0,
        y1 = a.lineY1;

    a.angle = a.x, delete a.x;
    a.startAngle = a.x0, delete a.x0;
    a.endAngle = a.x1, delete a.x1;
    a.radius = a.y, delete a.y;
    a.innerRadius = a.y0, delete a.y0;
    a.outerRadius = a.y1, delete a.y1;
    a.lineStartAngle = function() { return radialLine(x0()); }, delete a.lineX0;
    a.lineEndAngle = function() { return radialLine(x1()); }, delete a.lineX1;
    a.lineInnerRadius = function() { return radialLine(y0()); }, delete a.lineY0;
    a.lineOuterRadius = function() { return radialLine(y1()); }, delete a.lineY1;

    a.curve = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? c(curveRadial(_)) : c()._curve;
    };

    return a;
  }

  var circle = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var r = Math.sqrt(size / pi$2);
      context.moveTo(r, 0);
      context.arc(0, 0, r, 0, tau$2);
    }
  };

  var cross$1 = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var r = Math.sqrt(size / 5) / 2;
      context.moveTo(-3 * r, -r);
      context.lineTo(-r, -r);
      context.lineTo(-r, -3 * r);
      context.lineTo(r, -3 * r);
      context.lineTo(r, -r);
      context.lineTo(3 * r, -r);
      context.lineTo(3 * r, r);
      context.lineTo(r, r);
      context.lineTo(r, 3 * r);
      context.lineTo(-r, 3 * r);
      context.lineTo(-r, r);
      context.lineTo(-3 * r, r);
      context.closePath();
    }
  };

  var tan30 = Math.sqrt(1 / 3);
  var tan30_2 = tan30 * 2;
  var diamond = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var y = Math.sqrt(size / tan30_2),
          x = y * tan30;
      context.moveTo(0, -y);
      context.lineTo(x, 0);
      context.lineTo(0, y);
      context.lineTo(-x, 0);
      context.closePath();
    }
  };

  var ka = 0.89081309152928522810;
  var kr = Math.sin(pi$2 / 10) / Math.sin(7 * pi$2 / 10);
  var kx = Math.sin(tau$2 / 10) * kr;
  var ky = -Math.cos(tau$2 / 10) * kr;
  var star = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var r = Math.sqrt(size * ka),
          x = kx * r,
          y = ky * r;
      context.moveTo(0, -r);
      context.lineTo(x, y);
      for (var i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
        var a = tau$2 * i / 5,
            c = Math.cos(a),
            s = Math.sin(a);
        context.lineTo(s * r, -c * r);
        context.lineTo(c * x - s * y, s * x + c * y);
      }
      context.closePath();
    }
  };

  var square = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var w = Math.sqrt(size),
          x = -w / 2;
      context.rect(x, x, w, w);
    }
  };

  var sqrt3 = Math.sqrt(3);

  var triangle = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var y = -Math.sqrt(size / (sqrt3 * 3));
      context.moveTo(0, y * 2);
      context.lineTo(-sqrt3 * y, -y);
      context.lineTo(sqrt3 * y, -y);
      context.closePath();
    }
  };

  var c = -0.5;
  var s = Math.sqrt(3) / 2;
  var k = 1 / Math.sqrt(12);
  var a = (k / 2 + 1) * 3;
  var wye = {
    draw: function(context, size) {
      var r = Math.sqrt(size / a),
          x0 = r / 2,
          y0 = r * k,
          x1 = x0,
          y1 = r * k + r,
          x2 = -x1,
          y2 = y1;
      context.moveTo(x0, y0);
      context.lineTo(x1, y1);
      context.lineTo(x2, y2);
      context.lineTo(c * x0 - s * y0, s * x0 + c * y0);
      context.lineTo(c * x1 - s * y1, s * x1 + c * y1);
      context.lineTo(c * x2 - s * y2, s * x2 + c * y2);
      context.lineTo(c * x0 + s * y0, c * y0 - s * x0);
      context.lineTo(c * x1 + s * y1, c * y1 - s * x1);
      context.lineTo(c * x2 + s * y2, c * y2 - s * x2);
      context.closePath();
    }
  };

  var symbols = [
    circle,
    cross$1,
    diamond,
    square,
    star,
    triangle,
    wye
  ];

  function symbol() {
    var type = constant$1(circle),
        size = constant$1(64),
        context = null;

    function symbol() {
      var buffer;
      if (!context) context = buffer = path();
      type.apply(this, arguments).draw(context, +size.apply(this, arguments));
      if (buffer) return context = null, buffer + "" || null;
    }

    symbol.type = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (type = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(_), symbol) : type;
    };

    symbol.size = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (size = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), symbol) : size;
    };

    symbol.context = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (context = _ == null ? null : _, symbol) : context;
    };

    return symbol;
  }

  function noop() {}

  function point(that, x, y) {
    that._context.bezierCurveTo(
      (2 * that._x0 + that._x1) / 3,
      (2 * that._y0 + that._y1) / 3,
      (that._x0 + 2 * that._x1) / 3,
      (that._y0 + 2 * that._y1) / 3,
      (that._x0 + 4 * that._x1 + x) / 6,
      (that._y0 + 4 * that._y1 + y) / 6
    );
  }

  function Basis(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  Basis.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 3: point(this, this._x1, this._y1); // proceed
        case 2: this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1); break;
      }
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._context.lineTo((5 * this._x0 + this._x1) / 6, (5 * this._y0 + this._y1) / 6); // proceed
        default: point(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;
    }
  };

  function basis(context) {
    return new Basis(context);
  }

  function BasisClosed(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  BasisClosed.prototype = {
    areaStart: noop,
    areaEnd: noop,
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 = this._x3 = this._x4 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = this._y3 = this._y4 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 1: {
          this._context.moveTo(this._x2, this._y2);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 2: {
          this._context.moveTo((this._x2 + 2 * this._x3) / 3, (this._y2 + 2 * this._y3) / 3);
          this._context.lineTo((this._x3 + 2 * this._x2) / 3, (this._y3 + 2 * this._y2) / 3);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 3: {
          this.point(this._x2, this._y2);
          this.point(this._x3, this._y3);
          this.point(this._x4, this._y4);
          break;
        }
      }
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._x2 = x, this._y2 = y; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; this._x3 = x, this._y3 = y; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._x4 = x, this._y4 = y; this._context.moveTo((this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6, (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6); break;
        default: point(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;
    }
  };

  function basisClosed(context) {
    return new BasisClosed(context);
  }

  function BasisOpen(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  BasisOpen.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 3)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; var x0 = (this._x0 + 4 * this._x1 + x) / 6, y0 = (this._y0 + 4 * this._y1 + y) / 6; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x0, y0) : this._context.moveTo(x0, y0); break;
        case 3: this._point = 4; // proceed
        default: point(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;
    }
  };

  function basisOpen(context) {
    return new BasisOpen(context);
  }

  function Bundle(context, beta) {
    this._basis = new Basis(context);
    this._beta = beta;
  }

  Bundle.prototype = {
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x = [];
      this._y = [];
      this._basis.lineStart();
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      var x = this._x,
          y = this._y,
          j = x.length - 1;

      if (j > 0) {
        var x0 = x[0],
            y0 = y[0],
            dx = x[j] - x0,
            dy = y[j] - y0,
            i = -1,
            t;

        while (++i <= j) {
          t = i / j;
          this._basis.point(
            this._beta * x[i] + (1 - this._beta) * (x0 + t * dx),
            this._beta * y[i] + (1 - this._beta) * (y0 + t * dy)
          );
        }
      }

      this._x = this._y = null;
      this._basis.lineEnd();
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      this._x.push(+x);
      this._y.push(+y);
    }
  };

  var bundle = (function custom(beta) {

    function bundle(context) {
      return beta === 1 ? new Basis(context) : new Bundle(context, beta);
    }

    bundle.beta = function(beta) {
      return custom(+beta);
    };

    return bundle;
  })(0.85);

  function point$1(that, x, y) {
    that._context.bezierCurveTo(
      that._x1 + that._k * (that._x2 - that._x0),
      that._y1 + that._k * (that._y2 - that._y0),
      that._x2 + that._k * (that._x1 - x),
      that._y2 + that._k * (that._y1 - y),
      that._x2,
      that._y2
    );
  }

  function Cardinal(context, tension) {
    this._context = context;
    this._k = (1 - tension) / 6;
  }

  Cardinal.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 2: this._context.lineTo(this._x2, this._y2); break;
        case 3: point$1(this, this._x1, this._y1); break;
      }
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; this._x1 = x, this._y1 = y; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; // proceed
        default: point$1(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var cardinal = (function custom(tension) {

    function cardinal(context) {
      return new Cardinal(context, tension);
    }

    cardinal.tension = function(tension) {
      return custom(+tension);
    };

    return cardinal;
  })(0);

  function CardinalClosed(context, tension) {
    this._context = context;
    this._k = (1 - tension) / 6;
  }

  CardinalClosed.prototype = {
    areaStart: noop,
    areaEnd: noop,
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 = this._x3 = this._x4 = this._x5 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = this._y3 = this._y4 = this._y5 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 1: {
          this._context.moveTo(this._x3, this._y3);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 2: {
          this._context.lineTo(this._x3, this._y3);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 3: {
          this.point(this._x3, this._y3);
          this.point(this._x4, this._y4);
          this.point(this._x5, this._y5);
          break;
        }
      }
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._x3 = x, this._y3 = y; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; this._context.moveTo(this._x4 = x, this._y4 = y); break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._x5 = x, this._y5 = y; break;
        default: point$1(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var cardinalClosed = (function custom(tension) {

    function cardinal(context) {
      return new CardinalClosed(context, tension);
    }

    cardinal.tension = function(tension) {
      return custom(+tension);
    };

    return cardinal;
  })(0);

  function CardinalOpen(context, tension) {
    this._context = context;
    this._k = (1 - tension) / 6;
  }

  CardinalOpen.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 3)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(this._x2, this._y2) : this._context.moveTo(this._x2, this._y2); break;
        case 3: this._point = 4; // proceed
        default: point$1(this, x, y); break;
      }
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var cardinalOpen = (function custom(tension) {

    function cardinal(context) {
      return new CardinalOpen(context, tension);
    }

    cardinal.tension = function(tension) {
      return custom(+tension);
    };

    return cardinal;
  })(0);

  function point$2(that, x, y) {
    var x1 = that._x1,
        y1 = that._y1,
        x2 = that._x2,
        y2 = that._y2;

    if (that._l01_a > epsilon$1) {
      var a = 2 * that._l01_2a + 3 * that._l01_a * that._l12_a + that._l12_2a,
          n = 3 * that._l01_a * (that._l01_a + that._l12_a);
      x1 = (x1 * a - that._x0 * that._l12_2a + that._x2 * that._l01_2a) / n;
      y1 = (y1 * a - that._y0 * that._l12_2a + that._y2 * that._l01_2a) / n;
    }

    if (that._l23_a > epsilon$1) {
      var b = 2 * that._l23_2a + 3 * that._l23_a * that._l12_a + that._l12_2a,
          m = 3 * that._l23_a * (that._l23_a + that._l12_a);
      x2 = (x2 * b + that._x1 * that._l23_2a - x * that._l12_2a) / m;
      y2 = (y2 * b + that._y1 * that._l23_2a - y * that._l12_2a) / m;
    }

    that._context.bezierCurveTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, that._x2, that._y2);
  }

  function CatmullRom(context, alpha) {
    this._context = context;
    this._alpha = alpha;
  }

  CatmullRom.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = NaN;
      this._l01_a = this._l12_a = this._l23_a =
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a =
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 2: this._context.lineTo(this._x2, this._y2); break;
        case 3: this.point(this, this._x2, this._y2); break;
      }
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;

      if (this._point) {
        var x23 = this._x2 - x,
            y23 = this._y2 - y;
        this._l23_a = Math.sqrt(this._l23_2a = Math.pow(x23 * x23 + y23 * y23, this._alpha));
      }

      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; // proceed
        default: point$2(this, x, y); break;
      }

      this._l01_a = this._l12_a, this._l12_a = this._l23_a;
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a, this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a;
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var catmullRom = (function custom(alpha) {

    function catmullRom(context) {
      return alpha ? new CatmullRom(context, alpha) : new Cardinal(context, 0);
    }

    catmullRom.alpha = function(alpha) {
      return custom(+alpha);
    };

    return catmullRom;
  })(0.5);

  function CatmullRomClosed(context, alpha) {
    this._context = context;
    this._alpha = alpha;
  }

  CatmullRomClosed.prototype = {
    areaStart: noop,
    areaEnd: noop,
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 = this._x3 = this._x4 = this._x5 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = this._y3 = this._y4 = this._y5 = NaN;
      this._l01_a = this._l12_a = this._l23_a =
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a =
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 1: {
          this._context.moveTo(this._x3, this._y3);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 2: {
          this._context.lineTo(this._x3, this._y3);
          this._context.closePath();
          break;
        }
        case 3: {
          this.point(this._x3, this._y3);
          this.point(this._x4, this._y4);
          this.point(this._x5, this._y5);
          break;
        }
      }
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;

      if (this._point) {
        var x23 = this._x2 - x,
            y23 = this._y2 - y;
        this._l23_a = Math.sqrt(this._l23_2a = Math.pow(x23 * x23 + y23 * y23, this._alpha));
      }

      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._x3 = x, this._y3 = y; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; this._context.moveTo(this._x4 = x, this._y4 = y); break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._x5 = x, this._y5 = y; break;
        default: point$2(this, x, y); break;
      }

      this._l01_a = this._l12_a, this._l12_a = this._l23_a;
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a, this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a;
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var catmullRomClosed = (function custom(alpha) {

    function catmullRom(context) {
      return alpha ? new CatmullRomClosed(context, alpha) : new CardinalClosed(context, 0);
    }

    catmullRom.alpha = function(alpha) {
      return custom(+alpha);
    };

    return catmullRom;
  })(0.5);

  function CatmullRomOpen(context, alpha) {
    this._context = context;
    this._alpha = alpha;
  }

  CatmullRomOpen.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 = this._x2 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 = this._y2 = NaN;
      this._l01_a = this._l12_a = this._l23_a =
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a =
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 3)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;

      if (this._point) {
        var x23 = this._x2 - x,
            y23 = this._y2 - y;
        this._l23_a = Math.sqrt(this._l23_2a = Math.pow(x23 * x23 + y23 * y23, this._alpha));
      }

      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(this._x2, this._y2) : this._context.moveTo(this._x2, this._y2); break;
        case 3: this._point = 4; // proceed
        default: point$2(this, x, y); break;
      }

      this._l01_a = this._l12_a, this._l12_a = this._l23_a;
      this._l01_2a = this._l12_2a, this._l12_2a = this._l23_2a;
      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = this._x2, this._x2 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = this._y2, this._y2 = y;
    }
  };

  var catmullRomOpen = (function custom(alpha) {

    function catmullRom(context) {
      return alpha ? new CatmullRomOpen(context, alpha) : new CardinalOpen(context, 0);
    }

    catmullRom.alpha = function(alpha) {
      return custom(+alpha);
    };

    return catmullRom;
  })(0.5);

  function LinearClosed(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  LinearClosed.prototype = {
    areaStart: noop,
    areaEnd: noop,
    lineStart: function() {
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (this._point) this._context.closePath();
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      if (this._point) this._context.lineTo(x, y);
      else this._point = 1, this._context.moveTo(x, y);
    }
  };

  function linearClosed(context) {
    return new LinearClosed(context);
  }

  function sign(x) {
    return x < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  }

  // Calculate the slopes of the tangents (Hermite-type interpolation) based on
  // the following paper: Steffen, M. 1990. A Simple Method for Monotonic
  // Interpolation in One Dimension. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 239, NO.
  // NOV(II), P. 443, 1990.
  function slope3(that, x2, y2) {
    var h0 = that._x1 - that._x0,
        h1 = x2 - that._x1,
        s0 = (that._y1 - that._y0) / (h0 || h1 < 0 && -0),
        s1 = (y2 - that._y1) / (h1 || h0 < 0 && -0),
        p = (s0 * h1 + s1 * h0) / (h0 + h1);
    return (sign(s0) + sign(s1)) * Math.min(Math.abs(s0), Math.abs(s1), 0.5 * Math.abs(p)) || 0;
  }

  // Calculate a one-sided slope.
  function slope2(that, t) {
    var h = that._x1 - that._x0;
    return h ? (3 * (that._y1 - that._y0) / h - t) / 2 : t;
  }

  // According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline#Representations
  // "you can express cubic Hermite interpolation in terms of cubic Bézier curves
  // with respect to the four values p0, p0 + m0 / 3, p1 - m1 / 3, p1".
  function point$3(that, t0, t1) {
    var x0 = that._x0,
        y0 = that._y0,
        x1 = that._x1,
        y1 = that._y1,
        dx = (x1 - x0) / 3;
    that._context.bezierCurveTo(x0 + dx, y0 + dx * t0, x1 - dx, y1 - dx * t1, x1, y1);
  }

  function MonotoneX(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  MonotoneX.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x0 = this._x1 =
      this._y0 = this._y1 =
      this._t0 = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      switch (this._point) {
        case 2: this._context.lineTo(this._x1, this._y1); break;
        case 3: point$3(this, this._t0, slope2(this, this._t0)); break;
      }
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      var t1 = NaN;

      x = +x, y = +y;
      if (x === this._x1 && y === this._y1) return; // Ignore coincident points.
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; break;
        case 2: this._point = 3; point$3(this, slope2(this, t1 = slope3(this, x, y)), t1); break;
        default: point$3(this, this._t0, t1 = slope3(this, x, y)); break;
      }

      this._x0 = this._x1, this._x1 = x;
      this._y0 = this._y1, this._y1 = y;
      this._t0 = t1;
    }
  }

  function MonotoneY(context) {
    this._context = new ReflectContext(context);
  }

  (MonotoneY.prototype = Object.create(MonotoneX.prototype)).point = function(x, y) {
    MonotoneX.prototype.point.call(this, y, x);
  };

  function ReflectContext(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  ReflectContext.prototype = {
    moveTo: function(x, y) { this._context.moveTo(y, x); },
    closePath: function() { this._context.closePath(); },
    lineTo: function(x, y) { this._context.lineTo(y, x); },
    bezierCurveTo: function(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y) { this._context.bezierCurveTo(y1, x1, y2, x2, y, x); }
  };

  function monotoneX(context) {
    return new MonotoneX(context);
  }

  function monotoneY(context) {
    return new MonotoneY(context);
  }

  function Natural(context) {
    this._context = context;
  }

  Natural.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x = [];
      this._y = [];
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      var x = this._x,
          y = this._y,
          n = x.length;

      if (n) {
        this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x[0], y[0]) : this._context.moveTo(x[0], y[0]);
        if (n === 2) {
          this._context.lineTo(x[1], y[1]);
        } else {
          var px = controlPoints(x),
              py = controlPoints(y);
          for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 1; i1 < n; ++i0, ++i1) {
            this._context.bezierCurveTo(px[0][i0], py[0][i0], px[1][i0], py[1][i0], x[i1], y[i1]);
          }
        }
      }

      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && n === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      this._line = 1 - this._line;
      this._x = this._y = null;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      this._x.push(+x);
      this._y.push(+y);
    }
  };

  // See https://www.particleincell.com/2012/bezier-splines/ for derivation.
  function controlPoints(x) {
    var i,
        n = x.length - 1,
        m,
        a = new Array(n),
        b = new Array(n),
        r = new Array(n);
    a[0] = 0, b[0] = 2, r[0] = x[0] + 2 * x[1];
    for (i = 1; i < n - 1; ++i) a[i] = 1, b[i] = 4, r[i] = 4 * x[i] + 2 * x[i + 1];
    a[n - 1] = 2, b[n - 1] = 7, r[n - 1] = 8 * x[n - 1] + x[n];
    for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) m = a[i] / b[i - 1], b[i] -= m, r[i] -= m * r[i - 1];
    a[n - 1] = r[n - 1] / b[n - 1];
    for (i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) a[i] = (r[i] - a[i + 1]) / b[i];
    b[n - 1] = (x[n] + a[n - 1]) / 2;
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) b[i] = 2 * x[i + 1] - a[i + 1];
    return [a, b];
  }

  function natural(context) {
    return new Natural(context);
  }

  function Step(context, t) {
    this._context = context;
    this._t = t;
  }

  Step.prototype = {
    areaStart: function() {
      this._line = 0;
    },
    areaEnd: function() {
      this._line = NaN;
    },
    lineStart: function() {
      this._x = this._y = NaN;
      this._point = 0;
    },
    lineEnd: function() {
      if (0 < this._t && this._t < 1 && this._point === 2) this._context.lineTo(this._x, this._y);
      if (this._line || (this._line !== 0 && this._point === 1)) this._context.closePath();
      if (this._line >= 0) this._t = 1 - this._t, this._line = 1 - this._line;
    },
    point: function(x, y) {
      x = +x, y = +y;
      switch (this._point) {
        case 0: this._point = 1; this._line ? this._context.lineTo(x, y) : this._context.moveTo(x, y); break;
        case 1: this._point = 2; // proceed
        default: {
          if (this._t <= 0) {
            this._context.lineTo(this._x, y);
            this._context.lineTo(x, y);
          } else {
            var x1 = this._x * (1 - this._t) + x * this._t;
            this._context.lineTo(x1, this._y);
            this._context.lineTo(x1, y);
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      this._x = x, this._y = y;
    }
  };

  function step(context) {
    return new Step(context, 0.5);
  }

  function stepBefore(context) {
    return new Step(context, 0);
  }

  function stepAfter(context) {
    return new Step(context, 1);
  }

  var slice$2 = Array.prototype.slice;

  function none(series, order) {
    if (!((n = series.length) > 1)) return;
    for (var i = 1, s0, s1 = series[order[0]], n, m = s1.length; i < n; ++i) {
      s0 = s1, s1 = series[order[i]];
      for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
        s1[j][1] += s1[j][0] = isNaN(s0[j][1]) ? s0[j][0] : s0[j][1];
      }
    }
  }

  function none$1(series) {
    var n = series.length, o = new Array(n);
    while (--n >= 0) o[n] = n;
    return o;
  }

  function stackValue(d, key) {
    return d[key];
  }

  function stack() {
    var keys = constant$1([]),
        order = none$1,
        offset = none,
        value = stackValue;

    function stack(data) {
      var kz = keys.apply(this, arguments),
          i,
          m = data.length,
          n = kz.length,
          sz = new Array(n),
          oz;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (var ki = kz[i], si = sz[i] = new Array(m), j = 0, sij; j < m; ++j) {
          si[j] = sij = [0, +value(data[j], ki, j, data)];
          sij.data = data[j];
        }
        si.key = ki;
      }

      for (i = 0, oz = order(sz); i < n; ++i) {
        sz[oz[i]].index = i;
      }

      offset(sz, oz);
      return sz;
    }

    stack.keys = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (keys = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(slice$2.call(_)), stack) : keys;
    };

    stack.value = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (value = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(+_), stack) : value;
    };

    stack.order = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (order = _ == null ? none$1 : typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$1(slice$2.call(_)), stack) : order;
    };

    stack.offset = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (offset = _ == null ? none : _, stack) : offset;
    };

    return stack;
  }

  function expand(series, order) {
    if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;
    for (var i, n, j = 0, m = series[0].length, y; j < m; ++j) {
      for (y = i = 0; i < n; ++i) y += series[i][j][1] || 0;
      if (y) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) series[i][j][1] /= y;
    }
    none(series, order);
  }

  function silhouette(series, order) {
    if (!((n = series.length) > 0)) return;
    for (var j = 0, s0 = series[order[0]], n, m = s0.length; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var i = 0, y = 0; i < n; ++i) y += series[i][j][1] || 0;
      s0[j][1] += s0[j][0] = -y / 2;
    }
    none(series, order);
  }

  function wiggle(series, order) {
    if (!((n = series.length) > 0) || !((m = (s0 = series[order[0]]).length) > 0)) return;
    for (var y = 0, j = 1, s0, m, n; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var i = 0, s1 = 0, s2 = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        var si = series[order[i]],
            sij0 = si[j][1] || 0,
            sij1 = si[j - 1][1] || 0,
            s3 = (sij0 - sij1) / 2;
        for (var k = 0; k < i; ++k) {
          var sk = series[order[k]],
              skj0 = sk[j][1] || 0,
              skj1 = sk[j - 1][1] || 0;
          s3 += skj0 - skj1;
        }
        s1 += sij0, s2 += s3 * sij0;
      }
      s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;
      if (s1) y -= s2 / s1;
    }
    s0[j - 1][1] += s0[j - 1][0] = y;
    none(series, order);
  }

  function ascending$1(series) {
    var sums = series.map(sum$1);
    return none$1(series).sort(function(a, b) { return sums[a] - sums[b]; });
  }

  function sum$1(series) {
    var s = 0, i = -1, n = series.length, v;
    while (++i < n) if (v = +series[i][1]) s += v;
    return s;
  }

  function descending$2(series) {
    return ascending$1(series).reverse();
  }

  function insideOut(series) {
    var n = series.length,
        i,
        j,
        sums = series.map(sum$1),
        order = none$1(series).sort(function(a, b) { return sums[b] - sums[a]; }),
        top = 0,
        bottom = 0,
        tops = [],
        bottoms = [];

    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      j = order[i];
      if (top < bottom) {
        top += sums[j];
        tops.push(j);
      } else {
        bottom += sums[j];
        bottoms.push(j);
      }
    }

    return bottoms.reverse().concat(tops);
  }

  function reverse(series) {
    return none$1(series).reverse();
  }

  function define(constructor, factory, prototype) {
    constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype;
    prototype.constructor = constructor;
  }

  function extend(parent, definition) {
    var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);
    for (var key in definition) prototype[key] = definition[key];
    return prototype;
  }

  function Color() {}

  var darker = 0.7;
  var brighter = 1 / darker;

  var reHex3 = /^#([0-9a-f]{3})$/;
  var reHex6 = /^#([0-9a-f]{6})$/;
  var reRgbInteger = /^rgb\(\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*\)$/;
  var reRgbPercent = /^rgb\(\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*\)$/;
  var reRgbaInteger = /^rgba\(\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*\)$/;
  var reRgbaPercent = /^rgba\(\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*\)$/;
  var reHslPercent = /^hsl\(\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*\)$/;
  var reHslaPercent = /^hsla\(\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%\s*,\s*([-+]?\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*\)$/;
  var named = {
    aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff,
    antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7,
    aqua: 0x00ffff,
    aquamarine: 0x7fffd4,
    azure: 0xf0ffff,
    beige: 0xf5f5dc,
    bisque: 0xffe4c4,
    black: 0x000000,
    blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd,
    blue: 0x0000ff,
    blueviolet: 0x8a2be2,
    brown: 0xa52a2a,
    burlywood: 0xdeb887,
    cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0,
    chartreuse: 0x7fff00,
    chocolate: 0xd2691e,
    coral: 0xff7f50,
    cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed,
    cornsilk: 0xfff8dc,
    crimson: 0xdc143c,
    cyan: 0x00ffff,
    darkblue: 0x00008b,
    darkcyan: 0x008b8b,
    darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b,
    darkgray: 0xa9a9a9,
    darkgreen: 0x006400,
    darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9,
    darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b,
    darkmagenta: 0x8b008b,
    darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f,
    darkorange: 0xff8c00,
    darkorchid: 0x9932cc,
    darkred: 0x8b0000,
    darksalmon: 0xe9967a,
    darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f,
    darkslateblue: 0x483d8b,
    darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f,
    darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f,
    darkturquoise: 0x00ced1,
    darkviolet: 0x9400d3,
    deeppink: 0xff1493,
    deepskyblue: 0x00bfff,
    dimgray: 0x696969,
    dimgrey: 0x696969,
    dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff,
    firebrick: 0xb22222,
    floralwhite: 0xfffaf0,
    forestgreen: 0x228b22,
    fuchsia: 0xff00ff,
    gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc,
    ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff,
    gold: 0xffd700,
    goldenrod: 0xdaa520,
    gray: 0x808080,
    green: 0x008000,
    greenyellow: 0xadff2f,
    grey: 0x808080,
    honeydew: 0xf0fff0,
    hotpink: 0xff69b4,
    indianred: 0xcd5c5c,
    indigo: 0x4b0082,
    ivory: 0xfffff0,
    khaki: 0xf0e68c,
    lavender: 0xe6e6fa,
    lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5,
    lawngreen: 0x7cfc00,
    lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd,
    lightblue: 0xadd8e6,
    lightcoral: 0xf08080,
    lightcyan: 0xe0ffff,
    lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2,
    lightgray: 0xd3d3d3,
    lightgreen: 0x90ee90,
    lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3,
    lightpink: 0xffb6c1,
    lightsalmon: 0xffa07a,
    lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa,
    lightskyblue: 0x87cefa,
    lightslategray: 0x778899,
    lightslategrey: 0x778899,
    lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de,
    lightyellow: 0xffffe0,
    lime: 0x00ff00,
    limegreen: 0x32cd32,
    linen: 0xfaf0e6,
    magenta: 0xff00ff,
    maroon: 0x800000,
    mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa,
    mediumblue: 0x0000cd,
    mediumorchid: 0xba55d3,
    mediumpurple: 0x9370db,
    mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371,
    mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee,
    mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a,
    mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc,
    mediumvioletred: 0xc71585,
    midnightblue: 0x191970,
    mintcream: 0xf5fffa,
    mistyrose: 0xffe4e1,
    moccasin: 0xffe4b5,
    navajowhite: 0xffdead,
    navy: 0x000080,
    oldlace: 0xfdf5e6,
    olive: 0x808000,
    olivedrab: 0x6b8e23,
    orange: 0xffa500,
    orangered: 0xff4500,
    orchid: 0xda70d6,
    palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa,
    palegreen: 0x98fb98,
    paleturquoise: 0xafeeee,
    palevioletred: 0xdb7093,
    papayawhip: 0xffefd5,
    peachpuff: 0xffdab9,
    peru: 0xcd853f,
    pink: 0xffc0cb,
    plum: 0xdda0dd,
    powderblue: 0xb0e0e6,
    purple: 0x800080,
    rebeccapurple: 0x663399,
    red: 0xff0000,
    rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f,
    royalblue: 0x4169e1,
    saddlebrown: 0x8b4513,
    salmon: 0xfa8072,
    sandybrown: 0xf4a460,
    seagreen: 0x2e8b57,
    seashell: 0xfff5ee,
    sienna: 0xa0522d,
    silver: 0xc0c0c0,
    skyblue: 0x87ceeb,
    slateblue: 0x6a5acd,
    slategray: 0x708090,
    slategrey: 0x708090,
    snow: 0xfffafa,
    springgreen: 0x00ff7f,
    steelblue: 0x4682b4,
    tan: 0xd2b48c,
    teal: 0x008080,
    thistle: 0xd8bfd8,
    tomato: 0xff6347,
    turquoise: 0x40e0d0,
    violet: 0xee82ee,
    wheat: 0xf5deb3,
    white: 0xffffff,
    whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5,
    yellow: 0xffff00,
    yellowgreen: 0x9acd32
  };

  define(Color, color, {
    displayable: function() {
      return this.rgb().displayable();
    },
    toString: function() {
      return this.rgb() + "";
    }
  });

  function color(format) {
    var m;
    format = (format + "").trim().toLowerCase();
    return (m = reHex3.exec(format)) ? (m = parseInt(m[1], 16), new Rgb((m >> 8 & 0xf) | (m >> 4 & 0x0f0), (m >> 4 & 0xf) | (m & 0xf0), ((m & 0xf) << 4) | (m & 0xf), 1)) // #f00
        : (m = reHex6.exec(format)) ? rgbn(parseInt(m[1], 16)) // #ff0000
        : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0)
        : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)
        : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)
        : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1)
        : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%)
        : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1)
        : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format])
        : format === "transparent" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0)
        : null;
  }

  function rgbn(n) {
    return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1);
  }

  function rgba(r, g, b, a) {
    if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN;
    return new Rgb(r, g, b, a);
  }

  function rgbConvert(o) {
    if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
    if (!o) return new Rgb;
    o = o.rgb();
    return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity);
  }

  function colorRgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
    return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
  }

  function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) {
    this.r = +r;
    this.g = +g;
    this.b = +b;
    this.opacity = +opacity;
  }

  define(Rgb, colorRgb, extend(Color, {
    brighter: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k);
      return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
    },
    darker: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k);
      return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity);
    },
    rgb: function() {
      return this;
    },
    displayable: function() {
      return (0 <= this.r && this.r <= 255)
          && (0 <= this.g && this.g <= 255)
          && (0 <= this.b && this.b <= 255)
          && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1);
    },
    toString: function() {
      var a = this.opacity; a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a));
      return (a === 1 ? "rgb(" : "rgba(")
          + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + ", "
          + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + ", "
          + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0))
          + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")");
    }
  }));

  function hsla(h, s, l, a) {
    if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN;
    else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN;
    else if (s <= 0) h = NaN;
    return new Hsl(h, s, l, a);
  }

  function hslConvert(o) {
    if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);
    if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o);
    if (!o) return new Hsl;
    if (o instanceof Hsl) return o;
    o = o.rgb();
    var r = o.r / 255,
        g = o.g / 255,
        b = o.b / 255,
        min = Math.min(r, g, b),
        max = Math.max(r, g, b),
        h = NaN,
        s = max - min,
        l = (max + min) / 2;
    if (s) {
      if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6;
      else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2;
      else h = (r - g) / s + 4;
      s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min;
      h *= 60;
    } else {
      s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h;
    }
    return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity);
  }

  function colorHsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
    return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
  }

  function Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) {
    this.h = +h;
    this.s = +s;
    this.l = +l;
    this.opacity = +opacity;
  }

  define(Hsl, colorHsl, extend(Color, {
    brighter: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k);
      return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
    },
    darker: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k);
      return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
    },
    rgb: function() {
      var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360,
          s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s,
          l = this.l,
          m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s,
          m1 = 2 * l - m2;
      return new Rgb(
        hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2),
        hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2),
        hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2),
        this.opacity
      );
    },
    displayable: function() {
      return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s))
          && (0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1)
          && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1);
    }
  }));

  /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */
  function hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) {
    return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60
        : h < 180 ? m2
        : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60
        : m1) * 255;
  }

  var deg2rad = Math.PI / 180;
  var rad2deg = 180 / Math.PI;

  var Kn = 18;
  var Xn = 0.950470;
  var Yn = 1;
  var Zn = 1.088830;
  var t0 = 4 / 29;
  var t1 = 6 / 29;
  var t2 = 3 * t1 * t1;
  var t3 = t1 * t1 * t1;
  function labConvert(o) {
    if (o instanceof Lab) return new Lab(o.l, o.a, o.b, o.opacity);
    if (o instanceof Hcl) {
      var h = o.h * deg2rad;
      return new Lab(o.l, Math.cos(h) * o.c, Math.sin(h) * o.c, o.opacity);
    }
    if (!(o instanceof Rgb)) o = rgbConvert(o);
    var b = rgb2xyz(o.r),
        a = rgb2xyz(o.g),
        l = rgb2xyz(o.b),
        x = xyz2lab((0.4124564 * b + 0.3575761 * a + 0.1804375 * l) / Xn),
        y = xyz2lab((0.2126729 * b + 0.7151522 * a + 0.0721750 * l) / Yn),
        z = xyz2lab((0.0193339 * b + 0.1191920 * a + 0.9503041 * l) / Zn);
    return new Lab(116 * y - 16, 500 * (x - y), 200 * (y - z), o.opacity);
  }

  function lab(l, a, b, opacity) {
    return arguments.length === 1 ? labConvert(l) : new Lab(l, a, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
  }

  function Lab(l, a, b, opacity) {
    this.l = +l;
    this.a = +a;
    this.b = +b;
    this.opacity = +opacity;
  }

  define(Lab, lab, extend(Color, {
    brighter: function(k) {
      return new Lab(this.l + Kn * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.a, this.b, this.opacity);
    },
    darker: function(k) {
      return new Lab(this.l - Kn * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.a, this.b, this.opacity);
    },
    rgb: function() {
      var y = (this.l + 16) / 116,
          x = isNaN(this.a) ? y : y + this.a / 500,
          z = isNaN(this.b) ? y : y - this.b / 200;
      y = Yn * lab2xyz(y);
      x = Xn * lab2xyz(x);
      z = Zn * lab2xyz(z);
      return new Rgb(
        xyz2rgb( 3.2404542 * x - 1.5371385 * y - 0.4985314 * z), // D65 -> sRGB
        xyz2rgb(-0.9692660 * x + 1.8760108 * y + 0.0415560 * z),
        xyz2rgb( 0.0556434 * x - 0.2040259 * y + 1.0572252 * z),
        this.opacity
      );
    }
  }));

  function xyz2lab(t) {
    return t > t3 ? Math.pow(t, 1 / 3) : t / t2 + t0;
  }

  function lab2xyz(t) {
    return t > t1 ? t * t * t : t2 * (t - t0);
  }

  function xyz2rgb(x) {
    return 255 * (x <= 0.0031308 ? 12.92 * x : 1.055 * Math.pow(x, 1 / 2.4) - 0.055);
  }

  function rgb2xyz(x) {
    return (x /= 255) <= 0.04045 ? x / 12.92 : Math.pow((x + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
  }

  function hclConvert(o) {
    if (o instanceof Hcl) return new Hcl(o.h, o.c, o.l, o.opacity);
    if (!(o instanceof Lab)) o = labConvert(o);
    var h = Math.atan2(o.b, o.a) * rad2deg;
    return new Hcl(h < 0 ? h + 360 : h, Math.sqrt(o.a * o.a + o.b * o.b), o.l, o.opacity);
  }

  function colorHcl(h, c, l, opacity) {
    return arguments.length === 1 ? hclConvert(h) : new Hcl(h, c, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
  }

  function Hcl(h, c, l, opacity) {
    this.h = +h;
    this.c = +c;
    this.l = +l;
    this.opacity = +opacity;
  }

  define(Hcl, colorHcl, extend(Color, {
    brighter: function(k) {
      return new Hcl(this.h, this.c, this.l + Kn * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.opacity);
    },
    darker: function(k) {
      return new Hcl(this.h, this.c, this.l - Kn * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.opacity);
    },
    rgb: function() {
      return labConvert(this).rgb();
    }
  }));

  var A = -0.14861;
  var B = +1.78277;
  var C = -0.29227;
  var D = -0.90649;
  var E = +1.97294;
  var ED = E * D;
  var EB = E * B;
  var BC_DA = B * C - D * A;
  function cubehelixConvert(o) {
    if (o instanceof Cubehelix) return new Cubehelix(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity);
    if (!(o instanceof Rgb)) o = rgbConvert(o);
    var r = o.r / 255,
        g = o.g / 255,
        b = o.b / 255,
        l = (BC_DA * b + ED * r - EB * g) / (BC_DA + ED - EB),
        bl = b - l,
        k = (E * (g - l) - C * bl) / D,
        s = Math.sqrt(k * k + bl * bl) / (E * l * (1 - l)), // NaN if l=0 or l=1
        h = s ? Math.atan2(k, bl) * rad2deg - 120 : NaN;
    return new Cubehelix(h < 0 ? h + 360 : h, s, l, o.opacity);
  }

  function cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity) {
    return arguments.length === 1 ? cubehelixConvert(h) : new Cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity);
  }

  function Cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity) {
    this.h = +h;
    this.s = +s;
    this.l = +l;
    this.opacity = +opacity;
  }

  define(Cubehelix, cubehelix, extend(Color, {
    brighter: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k);
      return new Cubehelix(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
    },
    darker: function(k) {
      k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k);
      return new Cubehelix(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity);
    },
    rgb: function() {
      var h = isNaN(this.h) ? 0 : (this.h + 120) * deg2rad,
          l = +this.l,
          a = isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s * l * (1 - l),
          cosh = Math.cos(h),
          sinh = Math.sin(h);
      return new Rgb(
        255 * (l + a * (A * cosh + B * sinh)),
        255 * (l + a * (C * cosh + D * sinh)),
        255 * (l + a * (E * cosh)),
        this.opacity
      );
    }
  }));

  function basis$1(t1, v0, v1, v2, v3) {
    var t2 = t1 * t1, t3 = t2 * t1;
    return ((1 - 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - t3) * v0
        + (4 - 6 * t2 + 3 * t3) * v1
        + (1 + 3 * t1 + 3 * t2 - 3 * t3) * v2
        + t3 * v3) / 6;
  }

  function basis$2(values) {
    var n = values.length - 1;
    return function(t) {
      var i = t <= 0 ? (t = 0) : t >= 1 ? (t = 1, n - 1) : Math.floor(t * n),
          v1 = values[i],
          v2 = values[i + 1],
          v0 = i > 0 ? values[i - 1] : 2 * v1 - v2,
          v3 = i < n - 1 ? values[i + 2] : 2 * v2 - v1;
      return basis$1((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);
    };
  }

  function basisClosed$1(values) {
    var n = values.length;
    return function(t) {
      var i = Math.floor(((t %= 1) < 0 ? ++t : t) * n),
          v0 = values[(i + n - 1) % n],
          v1 = values[i % n],
          v2 = values[(i + 1) % n],
          v3 = values[(i + 2) % n];
      return basis$1((t - i / n) * n, v0, v1, v2, v3);
    };
  }

  function constant$2(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function linear$1(a, d) {
    return function(t) {
      return a + t * d;
    };
  }

  function exponential$1(a, b, y) {
    return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function(t) {
      return Math.pow(a + t * b, y);
    };
  }

  function hue(a, b) {
    var d = b - a;
    return d ? linear$1(a, d > 180 || d < -180 ? d - 360 * Math.round(d / 360) : d) : constant$2(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
  }

  function gamma(y) {
    return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function(a, b) {
      return b - a ? exponential$1(a, b, y) : constant$2(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
    };
  }

  function nogamma(a, b) {
    var d = b - a;
    return d ? linear$1(a, d) : constant$2(isNaN(a) ? b : a);
  }

  var interpolateRgb = (function rgbGamma(y) {
    var color = gamma(y);

    function rgb(start, end) {
      var r = color((start = colorRgb(start)).r, (end = colorRgb(end)).r),
          g = color(start.g, end.g),
          b = color(start.b, end.b),
          opacity = color(start.opacity, end.opacity);
      return function(t) {
        start.r = r(t);
        start.g = g(t);
        start.b = b(t);
        start.opacity = opacity(t);
        return start + "";
      };
    }

    rgb.gamma = rgbGamma;

    return rgb;
  })(1);

  function rgbSpline(spline) {
    return function(colors) {
      var n = colors.length,
          r = new Array(n),
          g = new Array(n),
          b = new Array(n),
          i, color;
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        color = colorRgb(colors[i]);
        r[i] = color.r || 0;
        g[i] = color.g || 0;
        b[i] = color.b || 0;
      }
      r = spline(r);
      g = spline(g);
      b = spline(b);
      color.opacity = 1;
      return function(t) {
        color.r = r(t);
        color.g = g(t);
        color.b = b(t);
        return color + "";
      };
    };
  }

  var rgbBasis = rgbSpline(basis$2);
  var rgbBasisClosed = rgbSpline(basisClosed$1);

  function array$1(a, b) {
    var nb = b ? b.length : 0,
        na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0,
        x = new Array(nb),
        c = new Array(nb),
        i;

    for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) x[i] = interpolate(a[i], b[i]);
    for (; i < nb; ++i) c[i] = b[i];

    return function(t) {
      for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) c[i] = x[i](t);
      return c;
    };
  }

  function date(a, b) {
    var d = new Date;
    return a = +a, b -= a, function(t) {
      return d.setTime(a + b * t), d;
    };
  }

  function interpolateNumber(a, b) {
    return a = +a, b -= a, function(t) {
      return a + b * t;
    };
  }

  function object(a, b) {
    var i = {},
        c = {},
        k;

    if (a === null || typeof a !== "object") a = {};
    if (b === null || typeof b !== "object") b = {};

    for (k in b) {
      if (k in a) {
        i[k] = interpolate(a[k], b[k]);
      } else {
        c[k] = b[k];
      }
    }

    return function(t) {
      for (k in i) c[k] = i[k](t);
      return c;
    };
  }

  var reA = /[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g;
  var reB = new RegExp(reA.source, "g");
  function zero(b) {
    return function() {
      return b;
    };
  }

  function one(b) {
    return function(t) {
      return b(t) + "";
    };
  }

  function interpolateString(a, b) {
    var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0, // scan index for next number in b
        am, // current match in a
        bm, // current match in b
        bs, // string preceding current number in b, if any
        i = -1, // index in s
        s = [], // string constants and placeholders
        q = []; // number interpolators

    // Coerce inputs to strings.
    a = a + "", b = b + "";

    // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b.
    while ((am = reA.exec(a))
        && (bm = reB.exec(b))) {
      if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) { // a string precedes the next number in b
        bs = b.slice(bi, bs);
        if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
        else s[++i] = bs;
      }
      if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) { // numbers in a & b match
        if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string
        else s[++i] = bm;
      } else { // interpolate non-matching numbers
        s[++i] = null;
        q.push({i: i, x: interpolateNumber(am, bm)});
      }
      bi = reB.lastIndex;
    }

    // Add remains of b.
    if (bi < b.length) {
      bs = b.slice(bi);
      if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string
      else s[++i] = bs;
    }

    // Special optimization for only a single match.
    // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string.
    return s.length < 2 ? (q[0]
        ? one(q[0].x)
        : zero(b))
        : (b = q.length, function(t) {
            for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
            return s.join("");
          });
  }

  function interpolate(a, b) {
    var t = typeof b, c;
    return b == null || t === "boolean" ? constant$2(b)
        : (t === "number" ? interpolateNumber
        : t === "string" ? ((c = color(b)) ? (b = c, interpolateRgb) : interpolateString)
        : b instanceof color ? interpolateRgb
        : b instanceof Date ? date
        : Array.isArray(b) ? array$1
        : isNaN(b) ? object
        : interpolateNumber)(a, b);
  }

  function interpolateRound(a, b) {
    return a = +a, b -= a, function(t) {
      return Math.round(a + b * t);
    };
  }

  var degrees = 180 / Math.PI;

  var identity$2 = {
    translateX: 0,
    translateY: 0,
    rotate: 0,
    skewX: 0,
    scaleX: 1,
    scaleY: 1
  };

  function decompose(a, b, c, d, e, f) {
    var scaleX, scaleY, skewX;
    if (scaleX = Math.sqrt(a * a + b * b)) a /= scaleX, b /= scaleX;
    if (skewX = a * c + b * d) c -= a * skewX, d -= b * skewX;
    if (scaleY = Math.sqrt(c * c + d * d)) c /= scaleY, d /= scaleY, skewX /= scaleY;
    if (a * d < b * c) a = -a, b = -b, skewX = -skewX, scaleX = -scaleX;
    return {
      translateX: e,
      translateY: f,
      rotate: Math.atan2(b, a) * degrees,
      skewX: Math.atan(skewX) * degrees,
      scaleX: scaleX,
      scaleY: scaleY
    };
  }

  var cssNode;
  var cssRoot;
  var cssView;
  var svgNode;
  function parseCss(value) {
    if (value === "none") return identity$2;
    if (!cssNode) cssNode = document.createElement("DIV"), cssRoot = document.documentElement, cssView = document.defaultView;
    cssNode.style.transform = value;
    value = cssView.getComputedStyle(cssRoot.appendChild(cssNode), null).getPropertyValue("transform");
    cssRoot.removeChild(cssNode);
    value = value.slice(7, -1).split(",");
    return decompose(+value[0], +value[1], +value[2], +value[3], +value[4], +value[5]);
  }

  function parseSvg(value) {
    if (value == null) return identity$2;
    if (!svgNode) svgNode = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "g");
    svgNode.setAttribute("transform", value);
    if (!(value = svgNode.transform.baseVal.consolidate())) return identity$2;
    value = value.matrix;
    return decompose(value.a, value.b, value.c, value.d, value.e, value.f);
  }

  function interpolateTransform(parse, pxComma, pxParen, degParen) {

    function pop(s) {
      return s.length ? s.pop() + " " : "";
    }

    function translate(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
      if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
        var i = s.push("translate(", null, pxComma, null, pxParen);
        q.push({i: i - 4, x: interpolateNumber(xa, xb)}, {i: i - 2, x: interpolateNumber(ya, yb)});
      } else if (xb || yb) {
        s.push("translate(" + xb + pxComma + yb + pxParen);
      }
    }

    function rotate(a, b, s, q) {
      if (a !== b) {
        if (a - b > 180) b += 360; else if (b - a > 180) a += 360; // shortest path
        q.push({i: s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(", null, degParen) - 2, x: interpolateNumber(a, b)});
      } else if (b) {
        s.push(pop(s) + "rotate(" + b + degParen);
      }
    }

    function skewX(a, b, s, q) {
      if (a !== b) {
        q.push({i: s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(", null, degParen) - 2, x: interpolateNumber(a, b)});
      } else if (b) {
        s.push(pop(s) + "skewX(" + b + degParen);
      }
    }

    function scale(xa, ya, xb, yb, s, q) {
      if (xa !== xb || ya !== yb) {
        var i = s.push(pop(s) + "scale(", null, ",", null, ")");
        q.push({i: i - 4, x: interpolateNumber(xa, xb)}, {i: i - 2, x: interpolateNumber(ya, yb)});
      } else if (xb !== 1 || yb !== 1) {
        s.push(pop(s) + "scale(" + xb + "," + yb + ")");
      }
    }

    return function(a, b) {
      var s = [], // string constants and placeholders
          q = []; // number interpolators
      a = parse(a), b = parse(b);
      translate(a.translateX, a.translateY, b.translateX, b.translateY, s, q);
      rotate(a.rotate, b.rotate, s, q);
      skewX(a.skewX, b.skewX, s, q);
      scale(a.scaleX, a.scaleY, b.scaleX, b.scaleY, s, q);
      a = b = null; // gc
      return function(t) {
        var i = -1, n = q.length, o;
        while (++i < n) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t);
        return s.join("");
      };
    };
  }

  var interpolateTransform$1 = interpolateTransform(parseCss, "px, ", "px)", "deg)");
  var interpolateTransform$2 = interpolateTransform(parseSvg, ", ", ")", ")");

  var rho = Math.SQRT2;
  var rho2 = 2;
  var rho4 = 4;
  var epsilon2 = 1e-12;
  function cosh(x) {
    return ((x = Math.exp(x)) + 1 / x) / 2;
  }

  function sinh(x) {
    return ((x = Math.exp(x)) - 1 / x) / 2;
  }

  function tanh(x) {
    return ((x = Math.exp(2 * x)) - 1) / (x + 1);
  }

  // p0 = [ux0, uy0, w0]
  // p1 = [ux1, uy1, w1]
  function interpolateZoom(p0, p1) {
    var ux0 = p0[0], uy0 = p0[1], w0 = p0[2],
        ux1 = p1[0], uy1 = p1[1], w1 = p1[2],
        dx = ux1 - ux0,
        dy = uy1 - uy0,
        d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy,
        i,
        S;

    // Special case for u0 ≅ u1.
    if (d2 < epsilon2) {
      S = Math.log(w1 / w0) / rho;
      i = function(t) {
        return [
          ux0 + t * dx,
          uy0 + t * dy,
          w0 * Math.exp(rho * t * S)
        ];
      }
    }

    // General case.
    else {
      var d1 = Math.sqrt(d2),
          b0 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 + rho4 * d2) / (2 * w0 * rho2 * d1),
          b1 = (w1 * w1 - w0 * w0 - rho4 * d2) / (2 * w1 * rho2 * d1),
          r0 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b0 * b0 + 1) - b0),
          r1 = Math.log(Math.sqrt(b1 * b1 + 1) - b1);
      S = (r1 - r0) / rho;
      i = function(t) {
        var s = t * S,
            coshr0 = cosh(r0),
            u = w0 / (rho2 * d1) * (coshr0 * tanh(rho * s + r0) - sinh(r0));
        return [
          ux0 + u * dx,
          uy0 + u * dy,
          w0 * coshr0 / cosh(rho * s + r0)
        ];
      }
    }

    i.duration = S * 1000;

    return i;
  }

  function hsl(hue) {
    return function(start, end) {
      var h = hue((start = colorHsl(start)).h, (end = colorHsl(end)).h),
          s = nogamma(start.s, end.s),
          l = nogamma(start.l, end.l),
          opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
      return function(t) {
        start.h = h(t);
        start.s = s(t);
        start.l = l(t);
        start.opacity = opacity(t);
        return start + "";
      };
    }
  }

  var hsl$1 = hsl(hue);
  var hslLong = hsl(nogamma);

  function lab$1(start, end) {
    var l = nogamma((start = lab(start)).l, (end = lab(end)).l),
        a = nogamma(start.a, end.a),
        b = nogamma(start.b, end.b),
        opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
    return function(t) {
      start.l = l(t);
      start.a = a(t);
      start.b = b(t);
      start.opacity = opacity(t);
      return start + "";
    };
  }

  function hcl(hue) {
    return function(start, end) {
      var h = hue((start = colorHcl(start)).h, (end = colorHcl(end)).h),
          c = nogamma(start.c, end.c),
          l = nogamma(start.l, end.l),
          opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
      return function(t) {
        start.h = h(t);
        start.c = c(t);
        start.l = l(t);
        start.opacity = opacity(t);
        return start + "";
      };
    }
  }

  var hcl$1 = hcl(hue);
  var hclLong = hcl(nogamma);

  function cubehelix$1(hue) {
    return (function cubehelixGamma(y) {
      y = +y;

      function cubehelix$$(start, end) {
        var h = hue((start = cubehelix(start)).h, (end = cubehelix(end)).h),
            s = nogamma(start.s, end.s),
            l = nogamma(start.l, end.l),
            opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity);
        return function(t) {
          start.h = h(t);
          start.s = s(t);
          start.l = l(Math.pow(t, y));
          start.opacity = opacity(t);
          return start + "";
        };
      }

      cubehelix$$.gamma = cubehelixGamma;

      return cubehelix$$;
    })(1);
  }

  var cubehelix$2 = cubehelix$1(hue);
  var interpolateCubehelixLong = cubehelix$1(nogamma);

  function quantize(interpolator, n) {
    var samples = new Array(n);
    for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) samples[i] = interpolator(i / (n - 1));
    return samples;
  }

  var noop$1 = {value: function() {}};

  function dispatch() {
    for (var i = 0, n = arguments.length, _ = {}, t; i < n; ++i) {
      if (!(t = arguments[i] + "") || (t in _)) throw new Error("illegal type: " + t);
      _[t] = [];
    }
    return new Dispatch(_);
  }

  function Dispatch(_) {
    this._ = _;
  }

  function parseTypenames(typenames, types) {
    return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) {
      var name = "", i = t.indexOf(".");
      if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
      if (t && !types.hasOwnProperty(t)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + t);
      return {type: t, name: name};
    });
  }

  Dispatch.prototype = dispatch.prototype = {
    constructor: Dispatch,
    on: function(typename, callback) {
      var _ = this._,
          T = parseTypenames(typename + "", _),
          t,
          i = -1,
          n = T.length;

      // If no callback was specified, return the callback of the given type and name.
      if (arguments.length < 2) {
        while (++i < n) if ((t = (typename = T[i]).type) && (t = get(_[t], typename.name))) return t;
        return;
      }

      // If a type was specified, set the callback for the given type and name.
      // Otherwise, if a null callback was specified, remove callbacks of the given name.
      if (callback != null && typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback);
      while (++i < n) {
        if (t = (typename = T[i]).type) _[t] = set$1(_[t], typename.name, callback);
        else if (callback == null) for (t in _) _[t] = set$1(_[t], typename.name, null);
      }

      return this;
    },
    copy: function() {
      var copy = {}, _ = this._;
      for (var t in _) copy[t] = _[t].slice();
      return new Dispatch(copy);
    },
    call: function(type, that) {
      if ((n = arguments.length - 2) > 0) for (var args = new Array(n), i = 0, n, t; i < n; ++i) args[i] = arguments[i + 2];
      if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
      for (t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args);
    },
    apply: function(type, that, args) {
      if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type);
      for (var t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args);
    }
  };

  function get(type, name) {
    for (var i = 0, n = type.length, c; i < n; ++i) {
      if ((c = type[i]).name === name) {
        return c.value;
      }
    }
  }

  function set$1(type, name, callback) {
    for (var i = 0, n = type.length; i < n; ++i) {
      if (type[i].name === name) {
        type[i] = noop$1, type = type.slice(0, i).concat(type.slice(i + 1));
        break;
      }
    }
    if (callback != null) type.push({name: name, value: callback});
    return type;
  }

  function objectConverter(columns) {
    return new Function("d", "return {" + columns.map(function(name, i) {
      return JSON.stringify(name) + ": d[" + i + "]";
    }).join(",") + "}");
  }

  function customConverter(columns, f) {
    var object = objectConverter(columns);
    return function(row, i) {
      return f(object(row), i, columns);
    };
  }

  // Compute unique columns in order of discovery.
  function inferColumns(rows) {
    var columnSet = Object.create(null),
        columns = [];

    rows.forEach(function(row) {
      for (var column in row) {
        if (!(column in columnSet)) {
          columns.push(columnSet[column] = column);
        }
      }
    });

    return columns;
  }

  function dsv(delimiter) {
    var reFormat = new RegExp("[\"" + delimiter + "\n]"),
        delimiterCode = delimiter.charCodeAt(0);

    function parse(text, f) {
      var convert, columns, rows = parseRows(text, function(row, i) {
        if (convert) return convert(row, i - 1);
        columns = row, convert = f ? customConverter(row, f) : objectConverter(row);
      });
      rows.columns = columns;
      return rows;
    }

    function parseRows(text, f) {
      var EOL = {}, // sentinel value for end-of-line
          EOF = {}, // sentinel value for end-of-file
          rows = [], // output rows
          N = text.length,
          I = 0, // current character index
          n = 0, // the current line number
          t, // the current token
          eol; // is the current token followed by EOL?

      function token() {
        if (I >= N) return EOF; // special case: end of file
        if (eol) return eol = false, EOL; // special case: end of line

        // special case: quotes
        var j = I, c;
        if (text.charCodeAt(j) === 34) {
          var i = j;
          while (i++ < N) {
            if (text.charCodeAt(i) === 34) {
              if (text.charCodeAt(i + 1) !== 34) break;
              ++i;
            }
          }
          I = i + 2;
          c = text.charCodeAt(i + 1);
          if (c === 13) {
            eol = true;
            if (text.charCodeAt(i + 2) === 10) ++I;
          } else if (c === 10) {
            eol = true;
          }
          return text.slice(j + 1, i).replace(/""/g, "\"");
        }

        // common case: find next delimiter or newline
        while (I < N) {
          var k = 1;
          c = text.charCodeAt(I++);
          if (c === 10) eol = true; // \n
          else if (c === 13) { eol = true; if (text.charCodeAt(I) === 10) ++I, ++k; } // \r|\r\n
          else if (c !== delimiterCode) continue;
          return text.slice(j, I - k);
        }

        // special case: last token before EOF
        return text.slice(j);
      }

      while ((t = token()) !== EOF) {
        var a = [];
        while (t !== EOL && t !== EOF) {
          a.push(t);
          t = token();
        }
        if (f && (a = f(a, n++)) == null) continue;
        rows.push(a);
      }

      return rows;
    }

    function format(rows, columns) {
      if (columns == null) columns = inferColumns(rows);
      return [columns.map(formatValue).join(delimiter)].concat(rows.map(function(row) {
        return columns.map(function(column) {
          return formatValue(row[column]);
        }).join(delimiter);
      })).join("\n");
    }

    function formatRows(rows) {
      return rows.map(formatRow).join("\n");
    }

    function formatRow(row) {
      return row.map(formatValue).join(delimiter);
    }

    function formatValue(text) {
      return text == null ? ""
          : reFormat.test(text += "") ? "\"" + text.replace(/\"/g, "\"\"") + "\""
          : text;
    }

    return {
      parse: parse,
      parseRows: parseRows,
      format: format,
      formatRows: formatRows
    };
  }

  var csv = dsv(",");

  var csvParse = csv.parse;
  var csvParseRows = csv.parseRows;
  var csvFormat = csv.format;
  var csvFormatRows = csv.formatRows;

  var tsv = dsv("\t");

  var tsvParse = tsv.parse;
  var tsvParseRows = tsv.parseRows;
  var tsvFormat = tsv.format;
  var tsvFormatRows = tsv.formatRows;

  function request(url, callback) {
    var request,
        event = dispatch("beforesend", "progress", "load", "error"),
        mimeType,
        headers = map$1(),
        xhr = new XMLHttpRequest,
        user = null,
        password = null,
        response,
        responseType,
        timeout = 0;

    // If IE does not support CORS, use XDomainRequest.
    if (typeof XDomainRequest !== "undefined"
        && !("withCredentials" in xhr)
        && /^(http(s)?:)?\/\//.test(url)) xhr = new XDomainRequest;

    "onload" in xhr
        ? xhr.onload = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = respond
        : xhr.onreadystatechange = function(o) { xhr.readyState > 3 && respond(o); };

    function respond(o) {
      var status = xhr.status, result;
      if (!status && hasResponse(xhr)
          || status >= 200 && status < 300
          || status === 304) {
        if (response) {
          try {
            result = response.call(request, xhr);
          } catch (e) {
            event.call("error", request, e);
            return;
          }
        } else {
          result = xhr;
        }
        event.call("load", request, result);
      } else {
        event.call("error", request, o);
      }
    }

    xhr.onprogress = function(e) {
      event.call("progress", request, e);
    };

    request = {
      header: function(name, value) {
        name = (name + "").toLowerCase();
        if (arguments.length < 2) return headers.get(name);
        if (value == null) headers.remove(name);
        else headers.set(name, value + "");
        return request;
      },

      // If mimeType is non-null and no Accept header is set, a default is used.
      mimeType: function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return mimeType;
        mimeType = value == null ? null : value + "";
        return request;
      },

      // Specifies what type the response value should take;
      // for instance, arraybuffer, blob, document, or text.
      responseType: function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return responseType;
        responseType = value;
        return request;
      },

      timeout: function(value) {
        if (!arguments.length) return timeout;
        timeout = +value;
        return request;
      },

      user: function(value) {
        return arguments.length < 1 ? user : (user = value == null ? null : value + "", request);
      },

      password: function(value) {
        return arguments.length < 1 ? password : (password = value == null ? null : value + "", request);
      },

      // Specify how to convert the response content to a specific type;
      // changes the callback value on "load" events.
      response: function(value) {
        response = value;
        return request;
      },

      // Alias for send("GET", …).
      get: function(data, callback) {
        return request.send("GET", data, callback);
      },

      // Alias for send("POST", …).
      post: function(data, callback) {
        return request.send("POST", data, callback);
      },

      // If callback is non-null, it will be used for error and load events.
      send: function(method, data, callback) {
        xhr.open(method, url, true, user, password);
        if (mimeType != null && !headers.has("accept")) headers.set("accept", mimeType + ",*/*");
        if (xhr.setRequestHeader) headers.each(function(value, name) { xhr.setRequestHeader(name, value); });
        if (mimeType != null && xhr.overrideMimeType) xhr.overrideMimeType(mimeType);
        if (responseType != null) xhr.responseType = responseType;
        if (timeout > 0) xhr.timeout = timeout;
        if (callback == null && typeof data === "function") callback = data, data = null;
        if (callback != null && callback.length === 1) callback = fixCallback(callback);
        if (callback != null) request.on("error", callback).on("load", function(xhr) { callback(null, xhr); });
        event.call("beforesend", request, xhr);
        xhr.send(data == null ? null : data);
        return request;
      },

      abort: function() {
        xhr.abort();
        return request;
      },

      on: function() {
        var value = event.on.apply(event, arguments);
        return value === event ? request : value;
      }
    };

    if (callback != null) {
      if (typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback);
      return request.get(callback);
    }

    return request;
  }

  function fixCallback(callback) {
    return function(error, xhr) {
      callback(error == null ? xhr : null);
    };
  }

  function hasResponse(xhr) {
    var type = xhr.responseType;
    return type && type !== "text"
        ? xhr.response // null on error
        : xhr.responseText; // "" on error
  }

  function type(defaultMimeType, response) {
    return function(url, callback) {
      var r = request(url).mimeType(defaultMimeType).response(response);
      if (callback != null) {
        if (typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback);
        return r.get(callback);
      }
      return r;
    };
  }

  var html = type("text/html", function(xhr) {
    return document.createRange().createContextualFragment(xhr.responseText);
  });

  var json = type("application/json", function(xhr) {
    return JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
  });

  var text = type("text/plain", function(xhr) {
    return xhr.responseText;
  });

  var xml = type("application/xml", function(xhr) {
    var xml = xhr.responseXML;
    if (!xml) throw new Error("parse error");
    return xml;
  });

  function dsv$1(defaultMimeType, parse) {
    return function(url, row, callback) {
      if (arguments.length < 3) callback = row, row = null;
      var r = request(url).mimeType(defaultMimeType);
      r.row = function(_) { return arguments.length ? r.response(responseOf(parse, row = _)) : row; };
      r.row(row);
      return callback ? r.get(callback) : r;
    };
  }

  function responseOf(parse, row) {
    return function(request) {
      return parse(request.responseText, row);
    };
  }

  var csv$1 = dsv$1("text/csv", csvParse);

  var tsv$1 = dsv$1("text/tab-separated-values", tsvParse);

  var frame = 0;
  var timeout = 0;
  var interval = 0;
  var pokeDelay = 1000;
  var taskHead;
  var taskTail;
  var clockLast = 0;
  var clockNow = 0;
  var clockSkew = 0;
  var clock = typeof performance === "object" && performance.now ? performance : Date;
  var setFrame = typeof requestAnimationFrame === "function"
          ? (clock === Date ? function(f) { requestAnimationFrame(function() { f(clock.now()); }); } : requestAnimationFrame)
          : function(f) { setTimeout(f, 17); };
  function now() {
    return clockNow || (setFrame(clearNow), clockNow = clock.now() + clockSkew);
  }

  function clearNow() {
    clockNow = 0;
  }

  function Timer() {
    this._call =
    this._time =
    this._next = null;
  }

  Timer.prototype = timer.prototype = {
    constructor: Timer,
    restart: function(callback, delay, time) {
      if (typeof callback !== "function") throw new TypeError("callback is not a function");
      time = (time == null ? now() : +time) + (delay == null ? 0 : +delay);
      if (!this._next && taskTail !== this) {
        if (taskTail) taskTail._next = this;
        else taskHead = this;
        taskTail = this;
      }
      this._call = callback;
      this._time = time;
      sleep();
    },
    stop: function() {
      if (this._call) {
        this._call = null;
        this._time = Infinity;
        sleep();
      }
    }
  };

  function timer(callback, delay, time) {
    var t = new Timer;
    t.restart(callback, delay, time);
    return t;
  }

  function timerFlush() {
    now(); // Get the current time, if not already set.
    ++frame; // Pretend we’ve set an alarm, if we haven’t already.
    var t = taskHead, e;
    while (t) {
      if ((e = clockNow - t._time) >= 0) t._call.call(null, e);
      t = t._next;
    }
    --frame;
  }

  function wake(time) {
    clockNow = (clockLast = time || clock.now()) + clockSkew;
    frame = timeout = 0;
    try {
      timerFlush();
    } finally {
      frame = 0;
      nap();
      clockNow = 0;
    }
  }

  function poke$1() {
    var now = clock.now(), delay = now - clockLast;
    if (delay > pokeDelay) clockSkew -= delay, clockLast = now;
  }

  function nap() {
    var t0, t1 = taskHead, t2, time = Infinity;
    while (t1) {
      if (t1._call) {
        if (time > t1._time) time = t1._time;
        t0 = t1, t1 = t1._next;
      } else {
        t2 = t1._next, t1._next = null;
        t1 = t0 ? t0._next = t2 : taskHead = t2;
      }
    }
    taskTail = t0;
    sleep(time);
  }

  function sleep(time) {
    if (frame) return; // Soonest alarm already set, or will be.
    if (timeout) timeout = clearTimeout(timeout);
    var delay = time - clockNow;
    if (delay > 24) {
      if (time < Infinity) timeout = setTimeout(wake, delay);
      if (interval) interval = clearInterval(interval);
    } else {
      if (!interval) interval = setInterval(poke$1, pokeDelay);
      frame = 1, setFrame(wake);
    }
  }

  function timeout$1(callback, delay, time) {
    var t = new Timer;
    delay = delay == null ? 0 : +delay;
    t.restart(function(elapsed) {
      t.stop();
      callback(elapsed + delay);
    }, delay, time);
    return t;
  }

  function interval$1(callback, delay, time) {
    var t = new Timer, total = delay;
    if (delay == null) return t.restart(callback, delay, time), t;
    delay = +delay, time = time == null ? now() : +time;
    t.restart(function tick(elapsed) {
      elapsed += total;
      t.restart(tick, total += delay, time);
      callback(elapsed);
    }, delay, time);
    return t;
  }

var   t0$1 = new Date;
var   t1$1 = new Date;
  function newInterval(floori, offseti, count, field) {

    function interval(date) {
      return floori(date = new Date(+date)), date;
    }

    interval.floor = interval;

    interval.ceil = function(date) {
      return floori(date = new Date(date - 1)), offseti(date, 1), floori(date), date;
    };

    interval.round = function(date) {
      var d0 = interval(date),
          d1 = interval.ceil(date);
      return date - d0 < d1 - date ? d0 : d1;
    };

    interval.offset = function(date, step) {
      return offseti(date = new Date(+date), step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step)), date;
    };

    interval.range = function(start, stop, step) {
      var range = [];
      start = interval.ceil(start);
      step = step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step);
      if (!(start < stop) || !(step > 0)) return range; // also handles Invalid Date
      do range.push(new Date(+start)); while (offseti(start, step), floori(start), start < stop)
      return range;
    };

    interval.filter = function(test) {
      return newInterval(function(date) {
        while (floori(date), !test(date)) date.setTime(date - 1);
      }, function(date, step) {
        while (--step >= 0) while (offseti(date, 1), !test(date));
      });
    };

    if (count) {
      interval.count = function(start, end) {
        t0$1.setTime(+start), t1$1.setTime(+end);
        floori(t0$1), floori(t1$1);
        return Math.floor(count(t0$1, t1$1));
      };

      interval.every = function(step) {
        step = Math.floor(step);
        return !isFinite(step) || !(step > 0) ? null
            : !(step > 1) ? interval
            : interval.filter(field
                ? function(d) { return field(d) % step === 0; }
                : function(d) { return interval.count(0, d) % step === 0; });
      };
    }

    return interval;
  }

  var millisecond = newInterval(function() {
    // noop
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return end - start;
  });

  // An optimized implementation for this simple case.
  millisecond.every = function(k) {
    k = Math.floor(k);
    if (!isFinite(k) || !(k > 0)) return null;
    if (!(k > 1)) return millisecond;
    return newInterval(function(date) {
      date.setTime(Math.floor(date / k) * k);
    }, function(date, step) {
      date.setTime(+date + step * k);
    }, function(start, end) {
      return (end - start) / k;
    });
  };

  var milliseconds = millisecond.range;

  var durationSecond = 1e3;
  var durationMinute = 6e4;
  var durationHour = 36e5;
  var durationDay = 864e5;
  var durationWeek = 6048e5;

  var second = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setTime(Math.floor(date / durationSecond) * durationSecond);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step * durationSecond);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationSecond;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCSeconds();
  });

  var seconds = second.range;

  var minute = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setTime(Math.floor(date / durationMinute) * durationMinute);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationMinute;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getMinutes();
  });

  var minutes = minute.range;

  var hour = newInterval(function(date) {
    var offset = date.getTimezoneOffset() * durationMinute % durationHour;
    if (offset < 0) offset += durationHour;
    date.setTime(Math.floor((+date - offset) / durationHour) * durationHour + offset);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationHour;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getHours();
  });

  var hours = hour.range;

  var day = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setDate(date.getDate() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationDay;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getDate() - 1;
  });

  var days = day.range;

  function weekday(i) {
    return newInterval(function(date) {
      date.setDate(date.getDate() - (date.getDay() + 7 - i) % 7);
      date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }, function(date, step) {
      date.setDate(date.getDate() + step * 7);
    }, function(start, end) {
      return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationWeek;
    });
  }

  var timeWeek = weekday(0);
  var timeMonday = weekday(1);
  var tuesday = weekday(2);
  var wednesday = weekday(3);
  var thursday = weekday(4);
  var friday = weekday(5);
  var saturday = weekday(6);

  var sundays = timeWeek.range;
  var mondays = timeMonday.range;
  var tuesdays = tuesday.range;
  var wednesdays = wednesday.range;
  var thursdays = thursday.range;
  var fridays = friday.range;
  var saturdays = saturday.range;

  var month = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setDate(1);
    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setMonth(date.getMonth() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return end.getMonth() - start.getMonth() + (end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear()) * 12;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getMonth();
  });

  var months = month.range;

  var year = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setMonth(0, 1);
    date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear();
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getFullYear();
  });

  // An optimized implementation for this simple case.
  year.every = function(k) {
    return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : newInterval(function(date) {
      date.setFullYear(Math.floor(date.getFullYear() / k) * k);
      date.setMonth(0, 1);
      date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }, function(date, step) {
      date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step * k);
    });
  };

  var years = year.range;

  var utcMinute = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setUTCSeconds(0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationMinute;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCMinutes();
  });

  var utcMinutes = utcMinute.range;

  var utcHour = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setUTCMinutes(0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationHour;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCHours();
  });

  var utcHours = utcHour.range;

  var utcDay = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return (end - start) / durationDay;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCDate() - 1;
  });

  var utcDays = utcDay.range;

  function utcWeekday(i) {
    return newInterval(function(date) {
      date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() - (date.getUTCDay() + 7 - i) % 7);
      date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }, function(date, step) {
      date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step * 7);
    }, function(start, end) {
      return (end - start) / durationWeek;
    });
  }

  var utcWeek = utcWeekday(0);
  var utcMonday = utcWeekday(1);
  var utcTuesday = utcWeekday(2);
  var utcWednesday = utcWeekday(3);
  var utcThursday = utcWeekday(4);
  var utcFriday = utcWeekday(5);
  var utcSaturday = utcWeekday(6);

  var utcSundays = utcWeek.range;
  var utcMondays = utcMonday.range;
  var utcTuesdays = utcTuesday.range;
  var utcWednesdays = utcWednesday.range;
  var utcThursdays = utcThursday.range;
  var utcFridays = utcFriday.range;
  var utcSaturdays = utcSaturday.range;

  var utcMonth = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setUTCDate(1);
    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setUTCMonth(date.getUTCMonth() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return end.getUTCMonth() - start.getUTCMonth() + (end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear()) * 12;
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCMonth();
  });

  var utcMonths = utcMonth.range;

  var utcYear = newInterval(function(date) {
    date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);
    date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
  }, function(date, step) {
    date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step);
  }, function(start, end) {
    return end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear();
  }, function(date) {
    return date.getUTCFullYear();
  });

  // An optimized implementation for this simple case.
  utcYear.every = function(k) {
    return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : newInterval(function(date) {
      date.setUTCFullYear(Math.floor(date.getUTCFullYear() / k) * k);
      date.setUTCMonth(0, 1);
      date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }, function(date, step) {
      date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step * k);
    });
  };

  var utcYears = utcYear.range;

  // Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with
  // significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined.
  // For example, formatDecimal(1.23) returns ["123", 0].
  function formatDecimal(x, p) {
    if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf("e")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity
    var i, coefficient = x.slice(0, i);

    // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \d\.\d+e[-+]\d+
    // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \de[-+]\d+ (e.g., 1e+3).
    return [
      coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient,
      +x.slice(i + 1)
    ];
  }

  function exponent$1(x) {
    return x = formatDecimal(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN;
  }

  function formatGroup(grouping, thousands) {
    return function(value, width) {
      var i = value.length,
          t = [],
          j = 0,
          g = grouping[0],
          length = 0;

      while (i > 0 && g > 0) {
        if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length);
        t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g));
        if ((length += g + 1) > width) break;
        g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length];
      }

      return t.reverse().join(thousands);
    };
  }

  function formatDefault(x, p) {
    x = x.toPrecision(p);

    out: for (var n = x.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) {
      switch (x[i]) {
        case ".": i0 = i1 = i; break;
        case "0": if (i0 === 0) i0 = i; i1 = i; break;
        case "e": break out;
        default: if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0; break;
      }
    }

    return i0 > 0 ? x.slice(0, i0) + x.slice(i1 + 1) : x;
  }

  var prefixExponent;

  function formatPrefixAuto(x, p) {
    var d = formatDecimal(x, p);
    if (!d) return x + "";
    var coefficient = d[0],
        exponent = d[1],
        i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1,
        n = coefficient.length;
    return i === n ? coefficient
        : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join("0")
        : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + "." + coefficient.slice(i)
        : "0." + new Array(1 - i).join("0") + formatDecimal(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y!
  }

  function formatRounded(x, p) {
    var d = formatDecimal(x, p);
    if (!d) return x + "";
    var coefficient = d[0],
        exponent = d[1];
    return exponent < 0 ? "0." + new Array(-exponent).join("0") + coefficient
        : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + "." + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1)
        : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join("0");
  }

  var formatTypes = {
    "": formatDefault,
    "%": function(x, p) { return (x * 100).toFixed(p); },
    "b": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(2); },
    "c": function(x) { return x + ""; },
    "d": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(10); },
    "e": function(x, p) { return x.toExponential(p); },
    "f": function(x, p) { return x.toFixed(p); },
    "g": function(x, p) { return x.toPrecision(p); },
    "o": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(8); },
    "p": function(x, p) { return formatRounded(x * 100, p); },
    "r": formatRounded,
    "s": formatPrefixAuto,
    "X": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase(); },
    "x": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16); }
  };

  // [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][type]
  var re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\-\( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\d+)?(,)?(\.\d+)?([a-z%])?$/i;

  function formatSpecifier(specifier) {
    return new FormatSpecifier(specifier);
  }

  function FormatSpecifier(specifier) {
    if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error("invalid format: " + specifier);

    var match,
        fill = match[1] || " ",
        align = match[2] || ">",
        sign = match[3] || "-",
        symbol = match[4] || "",
        zero = !!match[5],
        width = match[6] && +match[6],
        comma = !!match[7],
        precision = match[8] && +match[8].slice(1),
        type = match[9] || "";

    // The "n" type is an alias for ",g".
    if (type === "n") comma = true, type = "g";

    // Map invalid types to the default format.
    else if (!formatTypes[type]) type = "";

    // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits.
    if (zero || (fill === "0" && align === "=")) zero = true, fill = "0", align = "=";

    this.fill = fill;
    this.align = align;
    this.sign = sign;
    this.symbol = symbol;
    this.zero = zero;
    this.width = width;
    this.comma = comma;
    this.precision = precision;
    this.type = type;
  }

  FormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function() {
    return this.fill
        + this.align
        + this.sign
        + this.symbol
        + (this.zero ? "0" : "")
        + (this.width == null ? "" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0))
        + (this.comma ? "," : "")
        + (this.precision == null ? "" : "." + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0))
        + this.type;
  };

  var prefixes = ["y","z","a","f","p","n","\xB5","m","","k","M","G","T","P","E","Z","Y"];

  function identity$3(x) {
    return x;
  }

  function formatLocale(locale) {
    var group = locale.grouping && locale.thousands ? formatGroup(locale.grouping, locale.thousands) : identity$3,
        currency = locale.currency,
        decimal = locale.decimal;

    function newFormat(specifier) {
      specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier);

      var fill = specifier.fill,
          align = specifier.align,
          sign = specifier.sign,
          symbol = specifier.symbol,
          zero = specifier.zero,
          width = specifier.width,
          comma = specifier.comma,
          precision = specifier.precision,
          type = specifier.type;

      // Compute the prefix and suffix.
      // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed.
      var prefix = symbol === "$" ? currency[0] : symbol === "#" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? "0" + type.toLowerCase() : "",
          suffix = symbol === "$" ? currency[1] : /[%p]/.test(type) ? "%" : "";

      // What format function should we use?
      // Is this an integer type?
      // Can this type generate exponential notation?
      var formatType = formatTypes[type],
          maybeSuffix = !type || /[defgprs%]/.test(type);

      // Set the default precision if not specified,
      // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range.
      // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21].
      // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20].
      precision = precision == null ? (type ? 6 : 12)
          : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision))
          : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision));

      function format(value) {
        var valuePrefix = prefix,
            valueSuffix = suffix,
            i, n, c;

        if (type === "c") {
          valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix;
          value = "";
        } else {
          value = +value;

          // Convert negative to positive, and compute the prefix.
          // Note that -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is!
          var valueNegative = (value < 0 || 1 / value < 0) && (value *= -1, true);

          // Perform the initial formatting.
          value = formatType(value, precision);

          // If the original value was negative, it may be rounded to zero during
          // formatting; treat this as (positive) zero.
          if (valueNegative) {
            i = -1, n = value.length;
            valueNegative = false;
            while (++i < n) {
              if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), (48 < c && c < 58)
                  || (type === "x" && 96 < c && c < 103)
                  || (type === "X" && 64 < c && c < 71)) {
                valueNegative = true;
                break;
              }
            }
          }

          // Compute the prefix and suffix.
          valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? (sign === "(" ? sign : "-") : sign === "-" || sign === "(" ? "" : sign) + valuePrefix;
          valueSuffix = valueSuffix + (type === "s" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : "") + (valueNegative && sign === "(" ? ")" : "");

          // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be
          // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not.
          if (maybeSuffix) {
            i = -1, n = value.length;
            while (++i < n) {
              if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) {
                valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix;
                value = value.slice(0, i);
                break;
              }
            }
          }
        }

        // If the fill character is not "0", grouping is applied before padding.
        if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity);

        // Compute the padding.
        var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length,
            padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : "";

        // If the fill character is "0", grouping is applied after padding.
        if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = "";

        // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment.
        switch (align) {
          case "<": return valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding;
          case "=": return valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix;
          case "^": return padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length);
        }
        return padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix;
      }

      format.toString = function() {
        return specifier + "";
      };

      return format;
    }

    function formatPrefix(specifier, value) {
      var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = "f", specifier)),
          e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent$1(value) / 3))) * 3,
          k = Math.pow(10, -e),
          prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3];
      return function(value) {
        return f(k * value) + prefix;
      };
    }

    return {
      format: newFormat,
      formatPrefix: formatPrefix
    };
  }

  var locale;
  exports.format;
  exports.formatPrefix;

  defaultLocale({
    decimal: ".",
    thousands: ",",
    grouping: [3],
    currency: ["$", ""]
  });

  function defaultLocale(definition) {
    locale = formatLocale(definition);
    exports.format = locale.format;
    exports.formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix;
    return locale;
  }

  function precisionFixed(step) {
    return Math.max(0, -exponent$1(Math.abs(step)));
  }

  function precisionPrefix(step, value) {
    return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent$1(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent$1(Math.abs(step)));
  }

  function precisionRound(step, max) {
    step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step;
    return Math.max(0, exponent$1(max) - exponent$1(step)) + 1;
  }

  function localDate(d) {
    if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {
      var date = new Date(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);
      date.setFullYear(d.y);
      return date;
    }
    return new Date(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L);
  }

  function utcDate(d) {
    if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) {
      var date = new Date(Date.UTC(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));
      date.setUTCFullYear(d.y);
      return date;
    }
    return new Date(Date.UTC(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L));
  }

  function newYear(y) {
    return {y: y, m: 0, d: 1, H: 0, M: 0, S: 0, L: 0};
  }

  function formatLocale$1(locale) {
    var locale_dateTime = locale.dateTime,
        locale_date = locale.date,
        locale_time = locale.time,
        locale_periods = locale.periods,
        locale_weekdays = locale.days,
        locale_shortWeekdays = locale.shortDays,
        locale_months = locale.months,
        locale_shortMonths = locale.shortMonths;

    var periodRe = formatRe(locale_periods),
        periodLookup = formatLookup(locale_periods),
        weekdayRe = formatRe(locale_weekdays),
        weekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_weekdays),
        shortWeekdayRe = formatRe(locale_shortWeekdays),
        shortWeekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortWeekdays),
        monthRe = formatRe(locale_months),
        monthLookup = formatLookup(locale_months),
        shortMonthRe = formatRe(locale_shortMonths),
        shortMonthLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortMonths);

    var formats = {
      "a": formatShortWeekday,
      "A": formatWeekday,
      "b": formatShortMonth,
      "B": formatMonth,
      "c": null,
      "d": formatDayOfMonth,
      "e": formatDayOfMonth,
      "H": formatHour24,
      "I": formatHour12,
      "j": formatDayOfYear,
      "L": formatMilliseconds,
      "m": formatMonthNumber,
      "M": formatMinutes,
      "p": formatPeriod,
      "S": formatSeconds,
      "U": formatWeekNumberSunday,
      "w": formatWeekdayNumber,
      "W": formatWeekNumberMonday,
      "x": null,
      "X": null,
      "y": formatYear,
      "Y": formatFullYear,
      "Z": formatZone,
      "%": formatLiteralPercent
    };

    var utcFormats = {
      "a": formatUTCShortWeekday,
      "A": formatUTCWeekday,
      "b": formatUTCShortMonth,
      "B": formatUTCMonth,
      "c": null,
      "d": formatUTCDayOfMonth,
      "e": formatUTCDayOfMonth,
      "H": formatUTCHour24,
      "I": formatUTCHour12,
      "j": formatUTCDayOfYear,
      "L": formatUTCMilliseconds,
      "m": formatUTCMonthNumber,
      "M": formatUTCMinutes,
      "p": formatUTCPeriod,
      "S": formatUTCSeconds,
      "U": formatUTCWeekNumberSunday,
      "w": formatUTCWeekdayNumber,
      "W": formatUTCWeekNumberMonday,
      "x": null,
      "X": null,
      "y": formatUTCYear,
      "Y": formatUTCFullYear,
      "Z": formatUTCZone,
      "%": formatLiteralPercent
    };

    var parses = {
      "a": parseShortWeekday,
      "A": parseWeekday,
      "b": parseShortMonth,
      "B": parseMonth,
      "c": parseLocaleDateTime,
      "d": parseDayOfMonth,
      "e": parseDayOfMonth,
      "H": parseHour24,
      "I": parseHour24,
      "j": parseDayOfYear,
      "L": parseMilliseconds,
      "m": parseMonthNumber,
      "M": parseMinutes,
      "p": parsePeriod,
      "S": parseSeconds,
      "U": parseWeekNumberSunday,
      "w": parseWeekdayNumber,
      "W": parseWeekNumberMonday,
      "x": parseLocaleDate,
      "X": parseLocaleTime,
      "y": parseYear,
      "Y": parseFullYear,
      "Z": parseZone,
      "%": parseLiteralPercent
    };

    // These recursive directive definitions must be deferred.
    formats.x = newFormat(locale_date, formats);
    formats.X = newFormat(locale_time, formats);
    formats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, formats);
    utcFormats.x = newFormat(locale_date, utcFormats);
    utcFormats.X = newFormat(locale_time, utcFormats);
    utcFormats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, utcFormats);

    function newFormat(specifier, formats) {
      return function(date) {
        var string = [],
            i = -1,
            j = 0,
            n = specifier.length,
            c,
            pad,
            format;

        if (!(date instanceof Date)) date = new Date(+date);

        while (++i < n) {
          if (specifier.charCodeAt(i) === 37) {
            string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));
            if ((pad = pads[c = specifier.charAt(++i)]) != null) c = specifier.charAt(++i);
            else pad = c === "e" ? " " : "0";
            if (format = formats[c]) c = format(date, pad);
            string.push(c);
            j = i + 1;
          }
        }

        string.push(specifier.slice(j, i));
        return string.join("");
      };
    }

    function newParse(specifier, newDate) {
      return function(string) {
        var d = newYear(1900),
            i = parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string += "", 0);
        if (i != string.length) return null;

        // The am-pm flag is 0 for AM, and 1 for PM.
        if ("p" in d) d.H = d.H % 12 + d.p * 12;

        // Convert day-of-week and week-of-year to day-of-year.
        if ("W" in d || "U" in d) {
          if (!("w" in d)) d.w = "W" in d ? 1 : 0;
          var day = "Z" in d ? utcDate(newYear(d.y)).getUTCDay() : newDate(newYear(d.y)).getDay();
          d.m = 0;
          d.d = "W" in d ? (d.w + 6) % 7 + d.W * 7 - (day + 5) % 7 : d.w + d.U * 7 - (day + 6) % 7;
        }

        // If a time zone is specified, all fields are interpreted as UTC and then
        // offset according to the specified time zone.
        if ("Z" in d) {
          d.H += d.Z / 100 | 0;
          d.M += d.Z % 100;
          return utcDate(d);
        }

        // Otherwise, all fields are in local time.
        return newDate(d);
      };
    }

    function parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string, j) {
      var i = 0,
          n = specifier.length,
          m = string.length,
          c,
          parse;

      while (i < n) {
        if (j >= m) return -1;
        c = specifier.charCodeAt(i++);
        if (c === 37) {
          c = specifier.charAt(i++);
          parse = parses[c in pads ? specifier.charAt(i++) : c];
          if (!parse || ((j = parse(d, string, j)) < 0)) return -1;
        } else if (c != string.charCodeAt(j++)) {
          return -1;
        }
      }

      return j;
    }

    function parsePeriod(d, string, i) {
      var n = periodRe.exec(string.slice(i));
      return n ? (d.p = periodLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1;
    }

    function parseShortWeekday(d, string, i) {
      var n = shortWeekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));
      return n ? (d.w = shortWeekdayLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1;
    }

    function parseWeekday(d, string, i) {
      var n = weekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i));
      return n ? (d.w = weekdayLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1;
    }

    function parseShortMonth(d, string, i) {
      var n = shortMonthRe.exec(string.slice(i));
      return n ? (d.m = shortMonthLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1;
    }

    function parseMonth(d, string, i) {
      var n = monthRe.exec(string.slice(i));
      return n ? (d.m = monthLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1;
    }

    function parseLocaleDateTime(d, string, i) {
      return parseSpecifier(d, locale_dateTime, string, i);
    }

    function parseLocaleDate(d, string, i) {
      return parseSpecifier(d, locale_date, string, i);
    }

    function parseLocaleTime(d, string, i) {
      return parseSpecifier(d, locale_time, string, i);
    }

    function formatShortWeekday(d) {
      return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getDay()];
    }

    function formatWeekday(d) {
      return locale_weekdays[d.getDay()];
    }

    function formatShortMonth(d) {
      return locale_shortMonths[d.getMonth()];
    }

    function formatMonth(d) {
      return locale_months[d.getMonth()];
    }

    function formatPeriod(d) {
      return locale_periods[+(d.getHours() >= 12)];
    }

    function formatUTCShortWeekday(d) {
      return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getUTCDay()];
    }

    function formatUTCWeekday(d) {
      return locale_weekdays[d.getUTCDay()];
    }

    function formatUTCShortMonth(d) {
      return locale_shortMonths[d.getUTCMonth()];
    }

    function formatUTCMonth(d) {
      return locale_months[d.getUTCMonth()];
    }

    function formatUTCPeriod(d) {
      return locale_periods[+(d.getUTCHours() >= 12)];
    }

    return {
      format: function(specifier) {
        var f = newFormat(specifier += "", formats);
        f.toString = function() { return specifier; };
        return f;
      },
      parse: function(specifier) {
        var p = newParse(specifier += "", localDate);
        p.toString = function() { return specifier; };
        return p;
      },
      utcFormat: function(specifier) {
        var f = newFormat(specifier += "", utcFormats);
        f.toString = function() { return specifier; };
        return f;
      },
      utcParse: function(specifier) {
        var p = newParse(specifier, utcDate);
        p.toString = function() { return specifier; };
        return p;
      }
    };
  }

  var pads = {"-": "", "_": " ", "0": "0"};
  var numberRe = /^\s*\d+/;
  var percentRe = /^%/;
  var requoteRe = /[\\\^\$\*\+\?\|\[\]\(\)\.\{\}]/g;
  function pad(value, fill, width) {
    var sign = value < 0 ? "-" : "",
        string = (sign ? -value : value) + "",
        length = string.length;
    return sign + (length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + string : string);
  }

  function requote(s) {
    return s.replace(requoteRe, "\\$&");
  }

  function formatRe(names) {
    return new RegExp("^(?:" + names.map(requote).join("|") + ")", "i");
  }

  function formatLookup(names) {
    var map = {}, i = -1, n = names.length;
    while (++i < n) map[names[i].toLowerCase()] = i;
    return map;
  }

  function parseWeekdayNumber(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));
    return n ? (d.w = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseWeekNumberSunday(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));
    return n ? (d.U = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseWeekNumberMonday(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i));
    return n ? (d.W = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseFullYear(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 4));
    return n ? (d.y = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseYear(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.y = +n[0] + (+n[0] > 68 ? 1900 : 2000), i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseZone(d, string, i) {
    var n = /^(Z)|([+-]\d\d)(?:\:?(\d\d))?/.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6));
    return n ? (d.Z = n[1] ? 0 : -(n[2] + (n[3] || "00")), i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseMonthNumber(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.m = n[0] - 1, i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseDayOfMonth(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseDayOfYear(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));
    return n ? (d.m = 0, d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseHour24(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.H = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseMinutes(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.M = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseSeconds(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2));
    return n ? (d.S = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseMilliseconds(d, string, i) {
    var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3));
    return n ? (d.L = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1;
  }

  function parseLiteralPercent(d, string, i) {
    var n = percentRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1));
    return n ? i + n[0].length : -1;
  }

  function formatDayOfMonth(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getDate(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatHour24(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getHours(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatHour12(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);
  }

  function formatDayOfYear(d, p) {
    return pad(1 + day.count(year(d), d), p, 3);
  }

  function formatMilliseconds(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getMilliseconds(), p, 3);
  }

  function formatMonthNumber(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getMonth() + 1, p, 2);
  }

  function formatMinutes(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getMinutes(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatSeconds(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getSeconds(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {
    return pad(timeWeek.count(year(d), d), p, 2);
  }

  function formatWeekdayNumber(d) {
    return d.getDay();
  }

  function formatWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {
    return pad(timeMonday.count(year(d), d), p, 2);
  }

  function formatYear(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2);
  }

  function formatFullYear(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);
  }

  function formatZone(d) {
    var z = d.getTimezoneOffset();
    return (z > 0 ? "-" : (z *= -1, "+"))
        + pad(z / 60 | 0, "0", 2)
        + pad(z % 60, "0", 2);
  }

  function formatUTCDayOfMonth(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCDate(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCHour24(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCHours(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCHour12(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCDayOfYear(d, p) {
    return pad(1 + utcDay.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 3);
  }

  function formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCMilliseconds(), p, 3);
  }

  function formatUTCMonthNumber(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1, p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCMinutes(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCMinutes(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCSeconds(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCSeconds(), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCWeekNumberSunday(d, p) {
    return pad(utcWeek.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCWeekdayNumber(d) {
    return d.getUTCDay();
  }

  function formatUTCWeekNumberMonday(d, p) {
    return pad(utcMonday.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCYear(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2);
  }

  function formatUTCFullYear(d, p) {
    return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4);
  }

  function formatUTCZone() {
    return "+0000";
  }

  function formatLiteralPercent() {
    return "%";
  }

  var locale$1;
  exports.timeFormat;
  exports.timeParse;
  exports.utcFormat;
  exports.utcParse;

  defaultLocale$1({
    dateTime: "%x, %X",
    date: "%-m/%-d/%Y",
    time: "%-I:%M:%S %p",
    periods: ["AM", "PM"],
    days: ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"],
    shortDays: ["Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"],
    months: ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"],
    shortMonths: ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
  });

  function defaultLocale$1(definition) {
    locale$1 = formatLocale$1(definition);
    exports.timeFormat = locale$1.format;
    exports.timeParse = locale$1.parse;
    exports.utcFormat = locale$1.utcFormat;
    exports.utcParse = locale$1.utcParse;
    return locale$1;
  }

  var isoSpecifier = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%LZ";

  function formatIsoNative(date) {
    return date.toISOString();
  }

  var formatIso = Date.prototype.toISOString
      ? formatIsoNative
      : exports.utcFormat(isoSpecifier);

  function parseIsoNative(string) {
    var date = new Date(string);
    return isNaN(date) ? null : date;
  }

  var parseIso = +new Date("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z")
      ? parseIsoNative
      : exports.utcParse(isoSpecifier);

  var array$2 = Array.prototype;

  var map$2 = array$2.map;
  var slice$3 = array$2.slice;

  var implicit = {name: "implicit"};

  function ordinal(range) {
    var index = map$1(),
        domain = [],
        unknown = implicit;

    range = range == null ? [] : slice$3.call(range);

    function scale(d) {
      var key = d + "", i = index.get(key);
      if (!i) {
        if (unknown !== implicit) return unknown;
        index.set(key, i = domain.push(d));
      }
      return range[(i - 1) % range.length];
    }

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();
      domain = [], index = map$1();
      var i = -1, n = _.length, d, key;
      while (++i < n) if (!index.has(key = (d = _[i]) + "")) index.set(key, domain.push(d));
      return scale;
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (range = slice$3.call(_), scale) : range.slice();
    };

    scale.unknown = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown;
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return ordinal()
          .domain(domain)
          .range(range)
          .unknown(unknown);
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function band() {
    var scale = ordinal().unknown(undefined),
        domain = scale.domain,
        ordinalRange = scale.range,
        range$$ = [0, 1],
        step,
        bandwidth,
        round = false,
        paddingInner = 0,
        paddingOuter = 0,
        align = 0.5;

    delete scale.unknown;

    function rescale() {
      var n = domain().length,
          reverse = range$$[1] < range$$[0],
          start = range$$[reverse - 0],
          stop = range$$[1 - reverse];
      step = (stop - start) / Math.max(1, n - paddingInner + paddingOuter * 2);
      if (round) step = Math.floor(step);
      start += (stop - start - step * (n - paddingInner)) * align;
      bandwidth = step * (1 - paddingInner);
      if (round) start = Math.round(start), bandwidth = Math.round(bandwidth);
      var values = range(n).map(function(i) { return start + step * i; });
      return ordinalRange(reverse ? values.reverse() : values);
    }

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (range$$ = [+_[0], +_[1]], rescale()) : range$$.slice();
    };

    scale.rangeRound = function(_) {
      return range$$ = [+_[0], +_[1]], round = true, rescale();
    };

    scale.bandwidth = function() {
      return bandwidth;
    };

    scale.step = function() {
      return step;
    };

    scale.round = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (round = !!_, rescale()) : round;
    };

    scale.padding = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = paddingOuter = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : paddingInner;
    };

    scale.paddingInner = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : paddingInner;
    };

    scale.paddingOuter = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingOuter = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : paddingOuter;
    };

    scale.align = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (align = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, _)), rescale()) : align;
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return band()
          .domain(domain())
          .range(range$$)
          .round(round)
          .paddingInner(paddingInner)
          .paddingOuter(paddingOuter)
          .align(align);
    };

    return rescale();
  }

  function pointish(scale) {
    var copy = scale.copy;

    scale.padding = scale.paddingOuter;
    delete scale.paddingInner;
    delete scale.paddingOuter;

    scale.copy = function() {
      return pointish(copy());
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function point$4() {
    return pointish(band().paddingInner(1));
  }

  function constant$3(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function number$1(x) {
    return +x;
  }

  var unit = [0, 1];

  function deinterpolate(a, b) {
    return (b -= (a = +a))
        ? function(x) { return (x - a) / b; }
        : constant$3(b);
  }

  function deinterpolateClamp(deinterpolate) {
    return function(a, b) {
      var d = deinterpolate(a = +a, b = +b);
      return function(x) { return x <= a ? 0 : x >= b ? 1 : d(x); };
    };
  }

  function reinterpolateClamp(reinterpolate) {
    return function(a, b) {
      var r = reinterpolate(a = +a, b = +b);
      return function(t) { return t <= 0 ? a : t >= 1 ? b : r(t); };
    };
  }

  function bimap(domain, range, deinterpolate, reinterpolate) {
    var d0 = domain[0], d1 = domain[1], r0 = range[0], r1 = range[1];
    if (d1 < d0) d0 = deinterpolate(d1, d0), r0 = reinterpolate(r1, r0);
    else d0 = deinterpolate(d0, d1), r0 = reinterpolate(r0, r1);
    return function(x) { return r0(d0(x)); };
  }

  function polymap(domain, range, deinterpolate, reinterpolate) {
    var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1,
        d = new Array(j),
        r = new Array(j),
        i = -1;

    // Reverse descending domains.
    if (domain[j] < domain[0]) {
      domain = domain.slice().reverse();
      range = range.slice().reverse();
    }

    while (++i < j) {
      d[i] = deinterpolate(domain[i], domain[i + 1]);
      r[i] = reinterpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]);
    }

    return function(x) {
      var i = bisectRight(domain, x, 1, j) - 1;
      return r[i](d[i](x));
    };
  }

  function copy(source, target) {
    return target
        .domain(source.domain())
        .range(source.range())
        .interpolate(source.interpolate())
        .clamp(source.clamp());
  }

  // deinterpolate(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1].
  // reinterpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding domain value x in [a,b].
  function continuous(deinterpolate$$, reinterpolate) {
    var domain = unit,
        range = unit,
        interpolate$$ = interpolate,
        clamp = false,
        piecewise,
        output,
        input;

    function rescale() {
      piecewise = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) > 2 ? polymap : bimap;
      output = input = null;
      return scale;
    }

    function scale(x) {
      return (output || (output = piecewise(domain, range, clamp ? deinterpolateClamp(deinterpolate$$) : deinterpolate$$, interpolate$$)))(+x);
    }

    scale.invert = function(y) {
      return (input || (input = piecewise(range, domain, deinterpolate, clamp ? reinterpolateClamp(reinterpolate) : reinterpolate)))(+y);
    };

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain = map$2.call(_, number$1), rescale()) : domain.slice();
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (range = slice$3.call(_), rescale()) : range.slice();
    };

    scale.rangeRound = function(_) {
      return range = slice$3.call(_), interpolate$$ = interpolateRound, rescale();
    };

    scale.clamp = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, rescale()) : clamp;
    };

    scale.interpolate = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (interpolate$$ = _, rescale()) : interpolate$$;
    };

    return rescale();
  }

  function tickFormat(domain, count, specifier) {
    var start = domain[0],
        stop = domain[domain.length - 1],
        step = tickStep(start, stop, count == null ? 10 : count),
        precision;
    specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? ",f" : specifier);
    switch (specifier.type) {
      case "s": {
        var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop));
        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision;
        return exports.formatPrefix(specifier, value);
      }
      case "":
      case "e":
      case "g":
      case "p":
      case "r": {
        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "e");
        break;
      }
      case "f":
      case "%": {
        if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "%") * 2;
        break;
      }
    }
    return exports.format(specifier);
  }

  function linearish(scale) {
    var domain = scale.domain;

    scale.ticks = function(count) {
      var d = domain();
      return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count);
    };

    scale.tickFormat = function(count, specifier) {
      return tickFormat(domain(), count, specifier);
    };

    scale.nice = function(count) {
      var d = domain(),
          i = d.length - 1,
          n = count == null ? 10 : count,
          start = d[0],
          stop = d[i],
          step = tickStep(start, stop, n);

      if (step) {
        step = tickStep(Math.floor(start / step) * step, Math.ceil(stop / step) * step, n);
        d[0] = Math.floor(start / step) * step;
        d[i] = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step;
        domain(d);
      }

      return scale;
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function linear$2() {
    var scale = continuous(deinterpolate, interpolateNumber);

    scale.copy = function() {
      return copy(scale, linear$2());
    };

    return linearish(scale);
  }

  function identity$4() {
    var domain = [0, 1];

    function scale(x) {
      return +x;
    }

    scale.invert = scale;

    scale.domain = scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain = map$2.call(_, number$1), scale) : domain.slice();
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return identity$4().domain(domain);
    };

    return linearish(scale);
  }

  function nice(domain, interval) {
    domain = domain.slice();

    var i0 = 0,
        i1 = domain.length - 1,
        x0 = domain[i0],
        x1 = domain[i1],
        t;

    if (x1 < x0) {
      t = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = t;
      t = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = t;
    }

    domain[i0] = interval.floor(x0);
    domain[i1] = interval.ceil(x1);
    return domain;
  }

  function deinterpolate$1(a, b) {
    return (b = Math.log(b / a))
        ? function(x) { return Math.log(x / a) / b; }
        : constant$3(b);
  }

  function reinterpolate(a, b) {
    return a < 0
        ? function(t) { return -Math.pow(-b, t) * Math.pow(-a, 1 - t); }
        : function(t) { return Math.pow(b, t) * Math.pow(a, 1 - t); };
  }

  function pow10(x) {
    return isFinite(x) ? +("1e" + x) : x < 0 ? 0 : x;
  }

  function powp(base) {
    return base === 10 ? pow10
        : base === Math.E ? Math.exp
        : function(x) { return Math.pow(base, x); };
  }

  function logp(base) {
    return base === Math.E ? Math.log
        : base === 10 && Math.log10
        || base === 2 && Math.log2
        || (base = Math.log(base), function(x) { return Math.log(x) / base; });
  }

  function reflect(f) {
    return function(x) {
      return -f(-x);
    };
  }

  function log() {
    var scale = continuous(deinterpolate$1, reinterpolate).domain([1, 10]),
        domain = scale.domain,
        base = 10,
        logs = logp(10),
        pows = powp(10);

    function rescale() {
      logs = logp(base), pows = powp(base);
      if (domain()[0] < 0) logs = reflect(logs), pows = reflect(pows);
      return scale;
    }

    scale.base = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (base = +_, rescale()) : base;
    };

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain(_), rescale()) : domain();
    };

    scale.ticks = function(count) {
      var d = domain(),
          u = d[0],
          v = d[d.length - 1],
          r;

      if (r = v < u) i = u, u = v, v = i;

      var i = logs(u),
          j = logs(v),
          p,
          k,
          t,
          n = count == null ? 10 : +count,
          z = [];

      if (!(base % 1) && j - i < n) {
        i = Math.round(i) - 1, j = Math.round(j) + 1;
        if (u > 0) for (; i < j; ++i) {
          for (k = 1, p = pows(i); k < base; ++k) {
            t = p * k;
            if (t < u) continue;
            if (t > v) break;
            z.push(t);
          }
        } else for (; i < j; ++i) {
          for (k = base - 1, p = pows(i); k >= 1; --k) {
            t = p * k;
            if (t < u) continue;
            if (t > v) break;
            z.push(t);
          }
        }
      } else {
        z = ticks(i, j, Math.min(j - i, n)).map(pows);
      }

      return r ? z.reverse() : z;
    };

    scale.tickFormat = function(count, specifier) {
      if (specifier == null) specifier = base === 10 ? ".0e" : ",";
      if (typeof specifier !== "function") specifier = exports.format(specifier);
      if (count === Infinity) return specifier;
      if (count == null) count = 10;
      var k = Math.max(1, base * count / scale.ticks().length); // TODO fast estimate?
      return function(d) {
        var i = d / pows(Math.round(logs(d)));
        if (i * base < base - 0.5) i *= base;
        return i <= k ? specifier(d) : "";
      };
    };

    scale.nice = function() {
      return domain(nice(domain(), {
        floor: function(x) { return pows(Math.floor(logs(x))); },
        ceil: function(x) { return pows(Math.ceil(logs(x))); }
      }));
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return copy(scale, log().base(base));
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function raise(x, exponent) {
    return x < 0 ? -Math.pow(-x, exponent) : Math.pow(x, exponent);
  }

  function pow() {
    var exponent = 1,
        scale = continuous(deinterpolate, reinterpolate),
        domain = scale.domain;

    function deinterpolate(a, b) {
      return (b = raise(b, exponent) - (a = raise(a, exponent)))
          ? function(x) { return (raise(x, exponent) - a) / b; }
          : constant$3(b);
    }

    function reinterpolate(a, b) {
      b = raise(b, exponent) - (a = raise(a, exponent));
      return function(t) { return raise(a + b * t, 1 / exponent); };
    }

    scale.exponent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (exponent = +_, domain(domain())) : exponent;
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return copy(scale, pow().exponent(exponent));
    };

    return linearish(scale);
  }

  function sqrt() {
    return pow().exponent(0.5);
  }

  function quantile() {
    var domain = [],
        range = [],
        thresholds = [];

    function rescale() {
      var i = 0, n = Math.max(1, range.length);
      thresholds = new Array(n - 1);
      while (++i < n) thresholds[i - 1] = threshold(domain, i / n);
      return scale;
    }

    function scale(x) {
      if (!isNaN(x = +x)) return range[bisectRight(thresholds, x)];
    }

    scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
      var i = range.indexOf(y);
      return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN] : [
        i > 0 ? thresholds[i - 1] : domain[0],
        i < thresholds.length ? thresholds[i] : domain[domain.length - 1]
      ];
    };

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return domain.slice();
      domain = [];
      for (var i = 0, n = _.length, d; i < n; ++i) if (d = _[i], d != null && !isNaN(d = +d)) domain.push(d);
      domain.sort(ascending);
      return rescale();
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (range = slice$3.call(_), rescale()) : range.slice();
    };

    scale.quantiles = function() {
      return thresholds.slice();
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return quantile()
          .domain(domain)
          .range(range);
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function quantize$1() {
    var x0 = 0,
        x1 = 1,
        n = 1,
        domain = [0.5],
        range = [0, 1];

    function scale(x) {
      if (x <= x) return range[bisectRight(domain, x, 0, n)];
    }

    function rescale() {
      var i = -1;
      domain = new Array(n);
      while (++i < n) domain[i] = ((i + 1) * x1 - (i - n) * x0) / (n + 1);
      return scale;
    }

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x0 = +_[0], x1 = +_[1], rescale()) : [x0, x1];
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (n = (range = slice$3.call(_)).length - 1, rescale()) : range.slice();
    };

    scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
      var i = range.indexOf(y);
      return i < 0 ? [NaN, NaN]
          : i < 1 ? [x0, domain[0]]
          : i >= n ? [domain[n - 1], x1]
          : [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return quantize$1()
          .domain([x0, x1])
          .range(range);
    };

    return linearish(scale);
  }

  function threshold$1() {
    var domain = [0.5],
        range = [0, 1],
        n = 1;

    function scale(x) {
      if (x <= x) return range[bisectRight(domain, x, 0, n)];
    }

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (domain = slice$3.call(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : domain.slice();
    };

    scale.range = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (range = slice$3.call(_), n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length - 1), scale) : range.slice();
    };

    scale.invertExtent = function(y) {
      var i = range.indexOf(y);
      return [domain[i - 1], domain[i]];
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return threshold$1()
          .domain(domain)
          .range(range);
    };

    return scale;
  }

var   durationSecond$1 = 1000;
var   durationMinute$1 = durationSecond$1 * 60;
var   durationHour$1 = durationMinute$1 * 60;
var   durationDay$1 = durationHour$1 * 24;
var   durationWeek$1 = durationDay$1 * 7;
  var durationMonth = durationDay$1 * 30;
  var durationYear = durationDay$1 * 365;
  function date$1(t) {
    return new Date(t);
  }

  function number$2(t) {
    return t instanceof Date ? +t : +new Date(+t);
  }

  function calendar(year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, format) {
    var scale = continuous(deinterpolate, interpolateNumber),
        invert = scale.invert,
        domain = scale.domain;

    var formatMillisecond = format(".%L"),
        formatSecond = format(":%S"),
        formatMinute = format("%I:%M"),
        formatHour = format("%I %p"),
        formatDay = format("%a %d"),
        formatWeek = format("%b %d"),
        formatMonth = format("%B"),
        formatYear = format("%Y");

    var tickIntervals = [
      [second,  1,      durationSecond$1],
      [second,  5,  5 * durationSecond$1],
      [second, 15, 15 * durationSecond$1],
      [second, 30, 30 * durationSecond$1],
      [minute,  1,      durationMinute$1],
      [minute,  5,  5 * durationMinute$1],
      [minute, 15, 15 * durationMinute$1],
      [minute, 30, 30 * durationMinute$1],
      [  hour,  1,      durationHour$1  ],
      [  hour,  3,  3 * durationHour$1  ],
      [  hour,  6,  6 * durationHour$1  ],
      [  hour, 12, 12 * durationHour$1  ],
      [   day,  1,      durationDay$1   ],
      [   day,  2,  2 * durationDay$1   ],
      [  week,  1,      durationWeek$1  ],
      [ month,  1,      durationMonth ],
      [ month,  3,  3 * durationMonth ],
      [  year,  1,      durationYear  ]
    ];

    function tickFormat(date) {
      return (second(date) < date ? formatMillisecond
          : minute(date) < date ? formatSecond
          : hour(date) < date ? formatMinute
          : day(date) < date ? formatHour
          : month(date) < date ? (week(date) < date ? formatDay : formatWeek)
          : year(date) < date ? formatMonth
          : formatYear)(date);
    }

    function tickInterval(interval, start, stop, step) {
      if (interval == null) interval = 10;

      // If a desired tick count is specified, pick a reasonable tick interval
      // based on the extent of the domain and a rough estimate of tick size.
      // Otherwise, assume interval is already a time interval and use it.
      if (typeof interval === "number") {
        var target = Math.abs(stop - start) / interval,
            i = bisector(function(i) { return i[2]; }).right(tickIntervals, target);
        if (i === tickIntervals.length) {
          step = tickStep(start / durationYear, stop / durationYear, interval);
          interval = year;
        } else if (i) {
          i = tickIntervals[target / tickIntervals[i - 1][2] < tickIntervals[i][2] / target ? i - 1 : i];
          step = i[1];
          interval = i[0];
        } else {
          step = tickStep(start, stop, interval);
          interval = millisecond;
        }
      }

      return step == null ? interval : interval.every(step);
    }

    scale.invert = function(y) {
      return new Date(invert(y));
    };

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? domain(map$2.call(_, number$2)) : domain().map(date$1);
    };

    scale.ticks = function(interval, step) {
      var d = domain(),
          t0 = d[0],
          t1 = d[d.length - 1],
          r = t1 < t0,
          t;
      if (r) t = t0, t0 = t1, t1 = t;
      t = tickInterval(interval, t0, t1, step);
      t = t ? t.range(t0, t1 + 1) : []; // inclusive stop
      return r ? t.reverse() : t;
    };

    scale.tickFormat = function(count, specifier) {
      return specifier == null ? tickFormat : format(specifier);
    };

    scale.nice = function(interval, step) {
      var d = domain();
      return (interval = tickInterval(interval, d[0], d[d.length - 1], step))
          ? domain(nice(d, interval))
          : scale;
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return copy(scale, calendar(year, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, format));
    };

    return scale;
  }

  function time() {
    return calendar(year, month, timeWeek, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, exports.timeFormat).domain([new Date(2000, 0, 1), new Date(2000, 0, 2)]);
  }

  function utcTime() {
    return calendar(utcYear, utcMonth, utcWeek, utcDay, utcHour, utcMinute, second, millisecond, exports.utcFormat).domain([Date.UTC(2000, 0, 1), Date.UTC(2000, 0, 2)]);
  }

  function colors(s) {
    return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(function(x) {
      return "#" + x;
    });
  }

  var category10 = colors("1f77b4ff7f0e2ca02cd627289467bd8c564be377c27f7f7fbcbd2217becf");

  var category20b = colors("393b795254a36b6ecf9c9ede6379398ca252b5cf6bcedb9c8c6d31bd9e39e7ba52e7cb94843c39ad494ad6616be7969c7b4173a55194ce6dbdde9ed6");

  var category20c = colors("3182bd6baed69ecae1c6dbefe6550dfd8d3cfdae6bfdd0a231a35474c476a1d99bc7e9c0756bb19e9ac8bcbddcdadaeb636363969696bdbdbdd9d9d9");

  var category20 = colors("1f77b4aec7e8ff7f0effbb782ca02c98df8ad62728ff98969467bdc5b0d58c564bc49c94e377c2f7b6d27f7f7fc7c7c7bcbd22dbdb8d17becf9edae5");

  var cubehelix$3 = interpolateCubehelixLong(cubehelix(300, 0.5, 0.0), cubehelix(-240, 0.5, 1.0));

  var warm = interpolateCubehelixLong(cubehelix(-100, 0.75, 0.35), cubehelix(80, 1.50, 0.8));

  var cool = interpolateCubehelixLong(cubehelix(260, 0.75, 0.35), cubehelix(80, 1.50, 0.8));

  var rainbow = cubehelix();

  function rainbow$1(t) {
    if (t < 0 || t > 1) t -= Math.floor(t);
    var ts = Math.abs(t - 0.5);
    rainbow.h = 360 * t - 100;
    rainbow.s = 1.5 - 1.5 * ts;
    rainbow.l = 0.8 - 0.9 * ts;
    return rainbow + "";
  }

  function ramp(range) {
    var n = range.length;
    return function(t) {
      return range[Math.max(0, Math.min(n - 1, Math.floor(t * n)))];
    };
  }

  var viridis = ramp(colors("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"));

  var magma = ramp(colors("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"));

  var inferno = ramp(colors("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"));

  var plasma = ramp(colors("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"));

  function sequential(interpolator) {
    var x0 = 0,
        x1 = 1,
        clamp = false;

    function scale(x) {
      var t = (x - x0) / (x1 - x0);
      return interpolator(clamp ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, t)) : t);
    }

    scale.domain = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x0 = +_[0], x1 = +_[1], scale) : [x0, x1];
    };

    scale.clamp = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (clamp = !!_, scale) : clamp;
    };

    scale.interpolator = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (interpolator = _, scale) : interpolator;
    };

    scale.copy = function() {
      return sequential(interpolator).domain([x0, x1]).clamp(clamp);
    };

    return linearish(scale);
  }

  var xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";

  var namespaces = {
    svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
    xhtml: xhtml,
    xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",
    xml: "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace",
    xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/"
  };

  function namespace(name) {
    var prefix = name += "", i = prefix.indexOf(":");
    if (i >= 0 && (prefix = name.slice(0, i)) !== "xmlns") name = name.slice(i + 1);
    return namespaces.hasOwnProperty(prefix) ? {space: namespaces[prefix], local: name} : name;
  }

  function creatorInherit(name) {
    return function() {
      var document = this.ownerDocument,
          uri = this.namespaceURI;
      return uri === xhtml && document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtml
          ? document.createElement(name)
          : document.createElementNS(uri, name);
    };
  }

  function creatorFixed(fullname) {
    return function() {
      return this.ownerDocument.createElementNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
    };
  }

  function creator(name) {
    var fullname = namespace(name);
    return (fullname.local
        ? creatorFixed
        : creatorInherit)(fullname);
  }

  var nextId = 0;

  function local() {
    return new Local;
  }

  function Local() {
    this._ = "@" + (++nextId).toString(36);
  }

  Local.prototype = local.prototype = {
    constructor: Local,
    get: function(node) {
      var id = this._;
      while (!(id in node)) if (!(node = node.parentNode)) return;
      return node[id];
    },
    set: function(node, value) {
      return node[this._] = value;
    },
    remove: function(node) {
      return this._ in node && delete node[this._];
    },
    toString: function() {
      return this._;
    }
  };

  var matcher = function(selector) {
    return function() {
      return this.matches(selector);
    };
  };

  if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
    var element = document.documentElement;
    if (!element.matches) {
      var vendorMatches = element.webkitMatchesSelector
          || element.msMatchesSelector
          || element.mozMatchesSelector
          || element.oMatchesSelector;
      matcher = function(selector) {
        return function() {
          return vendorMatches.call(this, selector);
        };
      };
    }
  }

  var matcher$1 = matcher;

  var filterEvents = {};

  exports.event = null;

  if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
    var element$1 = document.documentElement;
    if (!("onmouseenter" in element$1)) {
      filterEvents = {mouseenter: "mouseover", mouseleave: "mouseout"};
    }
  }

  function filterContextListener(listener, index, group) {
    listener = contextListener(listener, index, group);
    return function(event) {
      var related = event.relatedTarget;
      if (!related || (related !== this && !(related.compareDocumentPosition(this) & 8))) {
        listener.call(this, event);
      }
    };
  }

  function contextListener(listener, index, group) {
    return function(event1) {
      var event0 = exports.event; // Events can be reentrant (e.g., focus).
      exports.event = event1;
      try {
        listener.call(this, this.__data__, index, group);
      } finally {
        exports.event = event0;
      }
    };
  }

  function parseTypenames$1(typenames) {
    return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) {
      var name = "", i = t.indexOf(".");
      if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i);
      return {type: t, name: name};
    });
  }

  function onRemove(typename) {
    return function() {
      var on = this.__on;
      if (!on) return;
      for (var j = 0, i = -1, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
        if (o = on[j], (!typename.type || o.type === typename.type) && o.name === typename.name) {
          this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture);
        } else {
          on[++i] = o;
        }
      }
      if (++i) on.length = i;
      else delete this.__on;
    };
  }

  function onAdd(typename, value, capture) {
    var wrap = filterEvents.hasOwnProperty(typename.type) ? filterContextListener : contextListener;
    return function(d, i, group) {
      var on = this.__on, o, listener = wrap(value, i, group);
      if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length; j < m; ++j) {
        if ((o = on[j]).type === typename.type && o.name === typename.name) {
          this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture);
          this.addEventListener(o.type, o.listener = listener, o.capture = capture);
          o.value = value;
          return;
        }
      }
      this.addEventListener(typename.type, listener, capture);
      o = {type: typename.type, name: typename.name, value: value, listener: listener, capture: capture};
      if (!on) this.__on = [o];
      else on.push(o);
    };
  }

  function selection_on(typename, value, capture) {
    var typenames = parseTypenames$1(typename + ""), i, n = typenames.length, t;

    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      var on = this.node().__on;
      if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) {
        for (i = 0, o = on[j]; i < n; ++i) {
          if ((t = typenames[i]).type === o.type && t.name === o.name) {
            return o.value;
          }
        }
      }
      return;
    }

    on = value ? onAdd : onRemove;
    if (capture == null) capture = false;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) this.each(on(typenames[i], value, capture));
    return this;
  }

  function customEvent(event1, listener, that, args) {
    var event0 = exports.event;
    event1.sourceEvent = exports.event;
    exports.event = event1;
    try {
      return listener.apply(that, args);
    } finally {
      exports.event = event0;
    }
  }

  function sourceEvent() {
    var current = exports.event, source;
    while (source = current.sourceEvent) current = source;
    return current;
  }

  function point$5(node, event) {
    var svg = node.ownerSVGElement || node;

    if (svg.createSVGPoint) {
      var point = svg.createSVGPoint();
      point.x = event.clientX, point.y = event.clientY;
      point = point.matrixTransform(node.getScreenCTM().inverse());
      return [point.x, point.y];
    }

    var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect();
    return [event.clientX - rect.left - node.clientLeft, event.clientY - rect.top - node.clientTop];
  }

  function mouse(node) {
    var event = sourceEvent();
    if (event.changedTouches) event = event.changedTouches[0];
    return point$5(node, event);
  }

  function none$2() {}

  function selector(selector) {
    return selector == null ? none$2 : function() {
      return this.querySelector(selector);
    };
  }

  function selection_select(select) {
    if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
          if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
          subgroup[i] = subnode;
        }
      }
    }

    return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents);
  }

  function empty() {
    return [];
  }

  function selectorAll(selector) {
    return selector == null ? empty : function() {
      return this.querySelectorAll(selector);
    };
  }

  function selection_selectAll(select) {
    if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          subgroups.push(select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group));
          parents.push(node);
        }
      }
    }

    return new Selection(subgroups, parents);
  }

  function selection_filter(match) {
    if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher$1(match);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
          subgroup.push(node);
        }
      }
    }

    return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents);
  }

  function sparse(update) {
    return new Array(update.length);
  }

  function selection_enter() {
    return new Selection(this._enter || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
  }

  function EnterNode(parent, datum) {
    this.ownerDocument = parent.ownerDocument;
    this.namespaceURI = parent.namespaceURI;
    this._next = null;
    this._parent = parent;
    this.__data__ = datum;
  }

  EnterNode.prototype = {
    constructor: EnterNode,
    appendChild: function(child) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, this._next); },
    insertBefore: function(child, next) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, next); },
    querySelector: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelector(selector); },
    querySelectorAll: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelectorAll(selector); }
  };

  function constant$4(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  var keyPrefix = "$"; // Protect against keys like “__proto__”.

  function bindIndex(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data) {
    var i = 0,
        node,
        groupLength = group.length,
        dataLength = data.length;

    // Put any non-null nodes that fit into update.
    // Put any null nodes into enter.
    // Put any remaining data into enter.
    for (; i < dataLength; ++i) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        node.__data__ = data[i];
        update[i] = node;
      } else {
        enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
      }
    }

    // Put any non-null nodes that don’t fit into exit.
    for (; i < groupLength; ++i) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        exit[i] = node;
      }
    }
  }

  function bindKey(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data, key) {
    var i,
        node,
        nodeByKeyValue = {},
        groupLength = group.length,
        dataLength = data.length,
        keyValues = new Array(groupLength),
        keyValue;

    // Compute the key for each node.
    // If multiple nodes have the same key, the duplicates are added to exit.
    for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
      if (node = group[i]) {
        keyValues[i] = keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(node, node.__data__, i, group);
        if (keyValue in nodeByKeyValue) {
          exit[i] = node;
        } else {
          nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = node;
        }
      }
    }

    // Compute the key for each datum.
    // If there a node associated with this key, join and add it to update.
    // If there is not (or the key is a duplicate), add it to enter.
    for (i = 0; i < dataLength; ++i) {
      keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(parent, data[i], i, data);
      if (node = nodeByKeyValue[keyValue]) {
        update[i] = node;
        node.__data__ = data[i];
        nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = null;
      } else {
        enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]);
      }
    }

    // Add any remaining nodes that were not bound to data to exit.
    for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) {
      if ((node = group[i]) && (nodeByKeyValue[keyValues[i]] === node)) {
        exit[i] = node;
      }
    }
  }

  function selection_data(value, key) {
    if (!value) {
      data = new Array(this.size()), j = -1;
      this.each(function(d) { data[++j] = d; });
      return data;
    }

    var bind = key ? bindKey : bindIndex,
        parents = this._parents,
        groups = this._groups;

    if (typeof value !== "function") value = constant$4(value);

    for (var m = groups.length, update = new Array(m), enter = new Array(m), exit = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      var parent = parents[j],
          group = groups[j],
          groupLength = group.length,
          data = value.call(parent, parent && parent.__data__, j, parents),
          dataLength = data.length,
          enterGroup = enter[j] = new Array(dataLength),
          updateGroup = update[j] = new Array(dataLength),
          exitGroup = exit[j] = new Array(groupLength);

      bind(parent, group, enterGroup, updateGroup, exitGroup, data, key);

      // Now connect the enter nodes to their following update node, such that
      // appendChild can insert the materialized enter node before this node,
      // rather than at the end of the parent node.
      for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 0, previous, next; i0 < dataLength; ++i0) {
        if (previous = enterGroup[i0]) {
          if (i0 >= i1) i1 = i0 + 1;
          while (!(next = updateGroup[i1]) && ++i1 < dataLength);
          previous._next = next || null;
        }
      }
    }

    update = new Selection(update, parents);
    update._enter = enter;
    update._exit = exit;
    return update;
  }

  function selection_exit() {
    return new Selection(this._exit || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents);
  }

  function selection_merge(selection) {

    for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = selection._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
          merge[i] = node;
        }
      }
    }

    for (; j < m0; ++j) {
      merges[j] = groups0[j];
    }

    return new Selection(merges, this._parents);
  }

  function selection_order() {

    for (var groups = this._groups, j = -1, m = groups.length; ++j < m;) {
      for (var group = groups[j], i = group.length - 1, next = group[i], node; --i >= 0;) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          if (next && next !== node.nextSibling) next.parentNode.insertBefore(node, next);
          next = node;
        }
      }
    }

    return this;
  }

  function selection_sort(compare) {
    if (!compare) compare = ascending$2;

    function compareNode(a, b) {
      return a && b ? compare(a.__data__, b.__data__) : !a - !b;
    }

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, sortgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, sortgroup = sortgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          sortgroup[i] = node;
        }
      }
      sortgroup.sort(compareNode);
    }

    return new Selection(sortgroups, this._parents).order();
  }

  function ascending$2(a, b) {
    return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN;
  }

  function selection_call() {
    var callback = arguments[0];
    arguments[0] = this;
    callback.apply(null, arguments);
    return this;
  }

  function selection_nodes() {
    var nodes = new Array(this.size()), i = -1;
    this.each(function() { nodes[++i] = this; });
    return nodes;
  }

  function selection_node() {

    for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; ++i) {
        var node = group[i];
        if (node) return node;
      }
    }

    return null;
  }

  function selection_size() {
    var size = 0;
    this.each(function() { ++size; });
    return size;
  }

  function selection_empty() {
    return !this.node();
  }

  function selection_each(callback) {

    for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) callback.call(node, node.__data__, i, group);
      }
    }

    return this;
  }

  function attrRemove(name) {
    return function() {
      this.removeAttribute(name);
    };
  }

  function attrRemoveNS(fullname) {
    return function() {
      this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
    };
  }

  function attrConstant(name, value) {
    return function() {
      this.setAttribute(name, value);
    };
  }

  function attrConstantNS(fullname, value) {
    return function() {
      this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, value);
    };
  }

  function attrFunction(name, value) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      if (v == null) this.removeAttribute(name);
      else this.setAttribute(name, v);
    };
  }

  function attrFunctionNS(fullname, value) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      if (v == null) this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
      else this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, v);
    };
  }

  function selection_attr(name, value) {
    var fullname = namespace(name);

    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      var node = this.node();
      return fullname.local
          ? node.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local)
          : node.getAttribute(fullname);
    }

    return this.each((value == null
        ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS : attrRemove) : (typeof value === "function"
        ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction)
        : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant)))(fullname, value));
  }

  function window(node) {
    return (node.ownerDocument && node.ownerDocument.defaultView) // node is a Node
        || (node.document && node) // node is a Window
        || node.defaultView; // node is a Document
  }

  function styleRemove(name) {
    return function() {
      this.style.removeProperty(name);
    };
  }

  function styleConstant(name, value, priority) {
    return function() {
      this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority);
    };
  }

  function styleFunction(name, value, priority) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      if (v == null) this.style.removeProperty(name);
      else this.style.setProperty(name, v, priority);
    };
  }

  function selection_style(name, value, priority) {
    var node;
    return arguments.length > 1
        ? this.each((value == null
              ? styleRemove : typeof value === "function"
              ? styleFunction
              : styleConstant)(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority))
        : window(node = this.node())
            .getComputedStyle(node, null)
            .getPropertyValue(name);
  }

  function propertyRemove(name) {
    return function() {
      delete this[name];
    };
  }

  function propertyConstant(name, value) {
    return function() {
      this[name] = value;
    };
  }

  function propertyFunction(name, value) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      if (v == null) delete this[name];
      else this[name] = v;
    };
  }

  function selection_property(name, value) {
    return arguments.length > 1
        ? this.each((value == null
            ? propertyRemove : typeof value === "function"
            ? propertyFunction
            : propertyConstant)(name, value))
        : this.node()[name];
  }

  function classArray(string) {
    return string.trim().split(/^|\s+/);
  }

  function classList(node) {
    return node.classList || new ClassList(node);
  }

  function ClassList(node) {
    this._node = node;
    this._names = classArray(node.getAttribute("class") || "");
  }

  ClassList.prototype = {
    add: function(name) {
      var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
      if (i < 0) {
        this._names.push(name);
        this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
      }
    },
    remove: function(name) {
      var i = this._names.indexOf(name);
      if (i >= 0) {
        this._names.splice(i, 1);
        this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" "));
      }
    },
    contains: function(name) {
      return this._names.indexOf(name) >= 0;
    }
  };

  function classedAdd(node, names) {
    var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length;
    while (++i < n) list.add(names[i]);
  }

  function classedRemove(node, names) {
    var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length;
    while (++i < n) list.remove(names[i]);
  }

  function classedTrue(names) {
    return function() {
      classedAdd(this, names);
    };
  }

  function classedFalse(names) {
    return function() {
      classedRemove(this, names);
    };
  }

  function classedFunction(names, value) {
    return function() {
      (value.apply(this, arguments) ? classedAdd : classedRemove)(this, names);
    };
  }

  function selection_classed(name, value) {
    var names = classArray(name + "");

    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      var list = classList(this.node()), i = -1, n = names.length;
      while (++i < n) if (!list.contains(names[i])) return false;
      return true;
    }

    return this.each((typeof value === "function"
        ? classedFunction : value
        ? classedTrue
        : classedFalse)(names, value));
  }

  function textRemove() {
    this.textContent = "";
  }

  function textConstant(value) {
    return function() {
      this.textContent = value;
    };
  }

  function textFunction(value) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      this.textContent = v == null ? "" : v;
    };
  }

  function selection_text(value) {
    return arguments.length
        ? this.each(value == null
            ? textRemove : (typeof value === "function"
            ? textFunction
            : textConstant)(value))
        : this.node().textContent;
  }

  function htmlRemove() {
    this.innerHTML = "";
  }

  function htmlConstant(value) {
    return function() {
      this.innerHTML = value;
    };
  }

  function htmlFunction(value) {
    return function() {
      var v = value.apply(this, arguments);
      this.innerHTML = v == null ? "" : v;
    };
  }

  function selection_html(value) {
    return arguments.length
        ? this.each(value == null
            ? htmlRemove : (typeof value === "function"
            ? htmlFunction
            : htmlConstant)(value))
        : this.node().innerHTML;
  }

  function raise$1() {
    if (this.nextSibling) this.parentNode.appendChild(this);
  }

  function selection_raise() {
    return this.each(raise$1);
  }

  function lower() {
    if (this.previousSibling) this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this.parentNode.firstChild);
  }

  function selection_lower() {
    return this.each(lower);
  }

  function selection_append(name) {
    var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name);
    return this.select(function() {
      return this.appendChild(create.apply(this, arguments));
    });
  }

  function constantNull() {
    return null;
  }

  function selection_insert(name, before) {
    var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name),
        select = before == null ? constantNull : typeof before === "function" ? before : selector(before);
    return this.select(function() {
      return this.insertBefore(create.apply(this, arguments), select.apply(this, arguments) || null);
    });
  }

  function remove() {
    var parent = this.parentNode;
    if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
  }

  function selection_remove() {
    return this.each(remove);
  }

  function selection_datum(value) {
    return arguments.length
        ? this.property("__data__", value)
        : this.node().__data__;
  }

  function dispatchEvent(node, type, params) {
    var window$$ = window(node),
        event = window$$.CustomEvent;

    if (event) {
      event = new event(type, params);
    } else {
      event = window$$.document.createEvent("Event");
      if (params) event.initEvent(type, params.bubbles, params.cancelable), event.detail = params.detail;
      else event.initEvent(type, false, false);
    }

    node.dispatchEvent(event);
  }

  function dispatchConstant(type, params) {
    return function() {
      return dispatchEvent(this, type, params);
    };
  }

  function dispatchFunction(type, params) {
    return function() {
      return dispatchEvent(this, type, params.apply(this, arguments));
    };
  }

  function selection_dispatch(type, params) {
    return this.each((typeof params === "function"
        ? dispatchFunction
        : dispatchConstant)(type, params));
  }

  var root = [null];

  function Selection(groups, parents) {
    this._groups = groups;
    this._parents = parents;
  }

  function selection() {
    return new Selection([[document.documentElement]], root);
  }

  Selection.prototype = selection.prototype = {
    constructor: Selection,
    select: selection_select,
    selectAll: selection_selectAll,
    filter: selection_filter,
    data: selection_data,
    enter: selection_enter,
    exit: selection_exit,
    merge: selection_merge,
    order: selection_order,
    sort: selection_sort,
    call: selection_call,
    nodes: selection_nodes,
    node: selection_node,
    size: selection_size,
    empty: selection_empty,
    each: selection_each,
    attr: selection_attr,
    style: selection_style,
    property: selection_property,
    classed: selection_classed,
    text: selection_text,
    html: selection_html,
    raise: selection_raise,
    lower: selection_lower,
    append: selection_append,
    insert: selection_insert,
    remove: selection_remove,
    datum: selection_datum,
    on: selection_on,
    dispatch: selection_dispatch
  };

  function select(selector) {
    return typeof selector === "string"
        ? new Selection([[document.querySelector(selector)]], [document.documentElement])
        : new Selection([[selector]], root);
  }

  function selectAll(selector) {
    return typeof selector === "string"
        ? new Selection([document.querySelectorAll(selector)], [document.documentElement])
        : new Selection([selector == null ? [] : selector], root);
  }

  function touch(node, touches, identifier) {
    if (arguments.length < 3) identifier = touches, touches = sourceEvent().changedTouches;

    for (var i = 0, n = touches ? touches.length : 0, touch; i < n; ++i) {
      if ((touch = touches[i]).identifier === identifier) {
        return point$5(node, touch);
      }
    }

    return null;
  }

  function touches(node, touches) {
    if (touches == null) touches = sourceEvent().touches;

    for (var i = 0, n = touches ? touches.length : 0, points = new Array(n); i < n; ++i) {
      points[i] = point$5(node, touches[i]);
    }

    return points;
  }

  var emptyOn = dispatch("start", "end", "interrupt");
  var emptyTween = [];

  var CREATED = 0;
  var SCHEDULED = 1;
  var STARTING = 2;
  var STARTED = 3;
  var ENDING = 4;
  var ENDED = 5;

  function schedule(node, name, id, index, group, timing) {
    var schedules = node.__transition;
    if (!schedules) node.__transition = {};
    else if (id in schedules) return;
    create(node, id, {
      name: name,
      index: index, // For context during callback.
      group: group, // For context during callback.
      on: emptyOn,
      tween: emptyTween,
      time: timing.time,
      delay: timing.delay,
      duration: timing.duration,
      ease: timing.ease,
      timer: null,
      state: CREATED
    });
  }

  function init(node, id) {
    var schedule = node.__transition;
    if (!schedule || !(schedule = schedule[id]) || schedule.state > CREATED) throw new Error("too late");
    return schedule;
  }

  function set$2(node, id) {
    var schedule = node.__transition;
    if (!schedule || !(schedule = schedule[id]) || schedule.state > STARTING) throw new Error("too late");
    return schedule;
  }

  function get$1(node, id) {
    var schedule = node.__transition;
    if (!schedule || !(schedule = schedule[id])) throw new Error("too late");
    return schedule;
  }

  function create(node, id, self) {
    var schedules = node.__transition,
        tween;

    // Initialize the self timer when the transition is created.
    // Note the actual delay is not known until the first callback!
    schedules[id] = self;
    self.timer = timer(schedule, 0, self.time);

    // If the delay is greater than this first sleep, sleep some more;
    // otherwise, start immediately.
    function schedule(elapsed) {
      self.state = SCHEDULED;
      if (self.delay <= elapsed) start(elapsed - self.delay);
      else self.timer.restart(start, self.delay, self.time);
    }

    function start(elapsed) {
      var i, j, n, o;

      for (i in schedules) {
        o = schedules[i];
        if (o.name !== self.name) continue;

        // Interrupt the active transition, if any.
        // Dispatch the interrupt event.
        if (o.state === STARTED) {
          o.state = ENDED;
          o.timer.stop();
          o.on.call("interrupt", node, node.__data__, o.index, o.group);
          delete schedules[i];
        }

        // Cancel any pre-empted transitions. No interrupt event is dispatched
        // because the cancelled transitions never started. Note that this also
        // removes this transition from the pending list!
        else if (+i < id) {
          o.state = ENDED;
          o.timer.stop();
          delete schedules[i];
        }
      }

      // Defer the first tick to end of the current frame; see mbostock/d3#1576.
      // Note the transition may be canceled after start and before the first tick!
      // Note this must be scheduled before the start event; see d3/d3-transition#16!
      // Assuming this is successful, subsequent callbacks go straight to tick.
      timeout$1(function() {
        if (self.state === STARTED) {
          self.timer.restart(tick, self.delay, self.time);
          tick(elapsed);
        }
      });

      // Dispatch the start event.
      // Note this must be done before the tween are initialized.
      self.state = STARTING;
      self.on.call("start", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
      if (self.state !== STARTING) return; // interrupted
      self.state = STARTED;

      // Initialize the tween, deleting null tween.
      tween = new Array(n = self.tween.length);
      for (i = 0, j = -1; i < n; ++i) {
        if (o = self.tween[i].value.call(node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group)) {
          tween[++j] = o;
        }
      }
      tween.length = j + 1;
    }

    function tick(elapsed) {
      var t = elapsed < self.duration ? self.ease.call(null, elapsed / self.duration) : (self.state = ENDING, 1),
          i = -1,
          n = tween.length;

      while (++i < n) {
        tween[i].call(null, t);
      }

      // Dispatch the end event.
      if (self.state === ENDING) {
        self.state = ENDED;
        self.timer.stop();
        self.on.call("end", node, node.__data__, self.index, self.group);
        for (i in schedules) if (+i !== id) return void delete schedules[id];
        delete node.__transition;
      }
    }
  }

  function interrupt(node, name) {
    var schedules = node.__transition,
        schedule,
        active,
        empty = true,
        i;

    if (!schedules) return;

    name = name == null ? null : name + "";

    for (i in schedules) {
      if ((schedule = schedules[i]).name !== name) { empty = false; continue; }
      active = schedule.state === STARTED;
      schedule.state = ENDED;
      schedule.timer.stop();
      if (active) schedule.on.call("interrupt", node, node.__data__, schedule.index, schedule.group);
      delete schedules[i];
    }

    if (empty) delete node.__transition;
  }

  function selection_interrupt(name) {
    return this.each(function() {
      interrupt(this, name);
    });
  }

  function tweenRemove(id, name) {
    var tween0, tween1;
    return function() {
      var schedule = set$2(this, id),
          tween = schedule.tween;

      // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
      // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
      // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
      if (tween !== tween0) {
        tween1 = tween0 = tween;
        for (var i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
          if (tween1[i].name === name) {
            tween1 = tween1.slice();
            tween1.splice(i, 1);
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      schedule.tween = tween1;
    };
  }

  function tweenFunction(id, name, value) {
    var tween0, tween1;
    if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
    return function() {
      var schedule = set$2(this, id),
          tween = schedule.tween;

      // If this node shared tween with the previous node,
      // just assign the updated shared tween and we’re done!
      // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
      if (tween !== tween0) {
        tween1 = (tween0 = tween).slice();
        for (var t = {name: name, value: value}, i = 0, n = tween1.length; i < n; ++i) {
          if (tween1[i].name === name) {
            tween1[i] = t;
            break;
          }
        }
        if (i === n) tween1.push(t);
      }

      schedule.tween = tween1;
    };
  }

  function transition_tween(name, value) {
    var id = this._id;

    name += "";

    if (arguments.length < 2) {
      var tween = get$1(this.node(), id).tween;
      for (var i = 0, n = tween.length, t; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((t = tween[i]).name === name) {
          return t.value;
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

    return this.each((value == null ? tweenRemove : tweenFunction)(id, name, value));
  }

  function tweenValue(transition, name, value) {
    var id = transition._id;

    transition.each(function() {
      var schedule = set$2(this, id);
      (schedule.value || (schedule.value = {}))[name] = value.apply(this, arguments);
    });

    return function(node) {
      return get$1(node, id).value[name];
    };
  }

  function interpolate$1(a, b) {
    var c;
    return (typeof b === "number" ? interpolateNumber
        : b instanceof color ? interpolateRgb
        : (c = color(b)) ? (b = c, interpolateRgb)
        : interpolateString)(a, b);
  }

  function attrRemove$1(name) {
    return function() {
      this.removeAttribute(name);
    };
  }

  function attrRemoveNS$1(fullname) {
    return function() {
      this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
    };
  }

  function attrConstant$1(name, interpolate, value1) {
    var value00,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var value0 = this.getAttribute(name);
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value1);
    };
  }

  function attrConstantNS$1(fullname, interpolate, value1) {
    var value00,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var value0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value1);
    };
  }

  function attrFunction$1(name, interpolate, value) {
    var value00,
        value10,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var value0, value1 = value(this);
      if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttribute(name);
      value0 = this.getAttribute(name);
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 && value1 === value10 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value10 = value1);
    };
  }

  function attrFunctionNS$1(fullname, interpolate, value) {
    var value00,
        value10,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var value0, value1 = value(this);
      if (value1 == null) return void this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
      value0 = this.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local);
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 && value1 === value10 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value10 = value1);
    };
  }

  function transition_attr(name, value) {
    var fullname = namespace(name), i = fullname === "transform" ? interpolateTransform$2 : interpolate$1;
    return this.attrTween(name, typeof value === "function"
        ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS$1 : attrFunction$1)(fullname, i, tweenValue(this, "attr." + name, value))
        : value == null ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS$1 : attrRemove$1)(fullname)
        : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS$1 : attrConstant$1)(fullname, i, value));
  }

  function attrTweenNS(fullname, value) {
    function tween() {
      var node = this, i = value.apply(node, arguments);
      return i && function(t) {
        node.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, i(t));
      };
    }
    tween._value = value;
    return tween;
  }

  function attrTween(name, value) {
    function tween() {
      var node = this, i = value.apply(node, arguments);
      return i && function(t) {
        node.setAttribute(name, i(t));
      };
    }
    tween._value = value;
    return tween;
  }

  function transition_attrTween(name, value) {
    var key = "attr." + name;
    if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
    if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
    if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
    var fullname = namespace(name);
    return this.tween(key, (fullname.local ? attrTweenNS : attrTween)(fullname, value));
  }

  function delayFunction(id, value) {
    return function() {
      init(this, id).delay = +value.apply(this, arguments);
    };
  }

  function delayConstant(id, value) {
    return value = +value, function() {
      init(this, id).delay = value;
    };
  }

  function transition_delay(value) {
    var id = this._id;

    return arguments.length
        ? this.each((typeof value === "function"
            ? delayFunction
            : delayConstant)(id, value))
        : get$1(this.node(), id).delay;
  }

  function durationFunction(id, value) {
    return function() {
      set$2(this, id).duration = +value.apply(this, arguments);
    };
  }

  function durationConstant(id, value) {
    return value = +value, function() {
      set$2(this, id).duration = value;
    };
  }

  function transition_duration(value) {
    var id = this._id;

    return arguments.length
        ? this.each((typeof value === "function"
            ? durationFunction
            : durationConstant)(id, value))
        : get$1(this.node(), id).duration;
  }

  function easeConstant(id, value) {
    if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
    return function() {
      set$2(this, id).ease = value;
    };
  }

  function transition_ease(value) {
    var id = this._id;

    return arguments.length
        ? this.each(easeConstant(id, value))
        : get$1(this.node(), id).ease;
  }

  function transition_filter(match) {
    if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher$1(match);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) {
          subgroup.push(node);
        }
      }
    }

    return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
  }

  function transition_merge(transition) {
    if (transition._id !== this._id) throw new Error;

    for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = transition._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) {
          merge[i] = node;
        }
      }
    }

    for (; j < m0; ++j) {
      merges[j] = groups0[j];
    }

    return new Transition(merges, this._parents, this._name, this._id);
  }

  function start$1(name) {
    return (name + "").trim().split(/^|\s+/).every(function(t) {
      var i = t.indexOf(".");
      if (i >= 0) t = t.slice(0, i);
      return !t || t === "start";
    });
  }

  function onFunction(id, name, listener) {
    var on0, on1, sit = start$1(name) ? init : set$2;
    return function() {
      var schedule = sit(this, id),
          on = schedule.on;

      // If this node shared a dispatch with the previous node,
      // just assign the updated shared dispatch and we’re done!
      // Otherwise, copy-on-write.
      if (on !== on0) (on1 = (on0 = on).copy()).on(name, listener);

      schedule.on = on1;
    };
  }

  function transition_on(name, listener) {
    var id = this._id;

    return arguments.length < 2
        ? get$1(this.node(), id).on.on(name)
        : this.each(onFunction(id, name, listener));
  }

  function removeFunction(id) {
    return function() {
      var parent = this.parentNode;
      for (var i in this.__transition) if (+i !== id) return;
      if (parent) parent.removeChild(this);
    };
  }

  function transition_remove() {
    return this.on("end.remove", removeFunction(this._id));
  }

  function transition_select(select) {
    var name = this._name,
        id = this._id;

    if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) {
          if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__;
          subgroup[i] = subnode;
          schedule(subgroup[i], name, id, i, subgroup, get$1(node, id));
        }
      }
    }

    return new Transition(subgroups, this._parents, name, id);
  }

  function transition_selectAll(select) {
    var name = this._name,
        id = this._id;

    if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select);

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          for (var children = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group), child, inherit = get$1(node, id), k = 0, l = children.length; k < l; ++k) {
            if (child = children[k]) {
              schedule(child, name, id, k, children, inherit);
            }
          }
          subgroups.push(children);
          parents.push(node);
        }
      }
    }

    return new Transition(subgroups, parents, name, id);
  }

  var Selection$1 = selection.prototype.constructor;

  function transition_selection() {
    return new Selection$1(this._groups, this._parents);
  }

  function styleRemove$1(name, interpolate) {
    var value00,
        value10,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var style = window(this).getComputedStyle(this, null),
          value0 = style.getPropertyValue(name),
          value1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), style.getPropertyValue(name));
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 && value1 === value10 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value10 = value1);
    };
  }

  function styleRemoveEnd(name) {
    return function() {
      this.style.removeProperty(name);
    };
  }

  function styleConstant$1(name, interpolate, value1) {
    var value00,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var value0 = window(this).getComputedStyle(this, null).getPropertyValue(name);
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value1);
    };
  }

  function styleFunction$1(name, interpolate, value) {
    var value00,
        value10,
        interpolate0;
    return function() {
      var style = window(this).getComputedStyle(this, null),
          value0 = style.getPropertyValue(name),
          value1 = value(this);
      if (value1 == null) value1 = (this.style.removeProperty(name), style.getPropertyValue(name));
      return value0 === value1 ? null
          : value0 === value00 && value1 === value10 ? interpolate0
          : interpolate0 = interpolate(value00 = value0, value10 = value1);
    };
  }

  function transition_style(name, value, priority) {
    var i = (name += "") === "transform" ? interpolateTransform$1 : interpolate$1;
    return value == null ? this
            .styleTween(name, styleRemove$1(name, i))
            .on("end.style." + name, styleRemoveEnd(name))
        : this.styleTween(name, typeof value === "function"
            ? styleFunction$1(name, i, tweenValue(this, "style." + name, value))
            : styleConstant$1(name, i, value), priority);
  }

  function styleTween(name, value, priority) {
    function tween() {
      var node = this, i = value.apply(node, arguments);
      return i && function(t) {
        node.style.setProperty(name, i(t), priority);
      };
    }
    tween._value = value;
    return tween;
  }

  function transition_styleTween(name, value, priority) {
    var key = "style." + (name += "");
    if (arguments.length < 2) return (key = this.tween(key)) && key._value;
    if (value == null) return this.tween(key, null);
    if (typeof value !== "function") throw new Error;
    return this.tween(key, styleTween(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority));
  }

  function textConstant$1(value) {
    return function() {
      this.textContent = value;
    };
  }

  function textFunction$1(value) {
    return function() {
      var value1 = value(this);
      this.textContent = value1 == null ? "" : value1;
    };
  }

  function transition_text(value) {
    return this.tween("text", typeof value === "function"
        ? textFunction$1(tweenValue(this, "text", value))
        : textConstant$1(value == null ? "" : value + ""));
  }

  function transition_transition() {
    var name = this._name,
        id0 = this._id,
        id1 = newId();

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          var inherit = get$1(node, id0);
          schedule(node, name, id1, i, group, {
            time: inherit.time + inherit.delay + inherit.duration,
            delay: 0,
            duration: inherit.duration,
            ease: inherit.ease
          });
        }
      }
    }

    return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id1);
  }

  var id = 0;

  function Transition(groups, parents, name, id) {
    this._groups = groups;
    this._parents = parents;
    this._name = name;
    this._id = id;
  }

  function transition(name) {
    return selection().transition(name);
  }

  function newId() {
    return ++id;
  }

  var selection_prototype = selection.prototype;

  Transition.prototype = transition.prototype = {
    constructor: Transition,
    select: transition_select,
    selectAll: transition_selectAll,
    filter: transition_filter,
    merge: transition_merge,
    selection: transition_selection,
    transition: transition_transition,
    call: selection_prototype.call,
    nodes: selection_prototype.nodes,
    node: selection_prototype.node,
    size: selection_prototype.size,
    empty: selection_prototype.empty,
    each: selection_prototype.each,
    on: transition_on,
    attr: transition_attr,
    attrTween: transition_attrTween,
    style: transition_style,
    styleTween: transition_styleTween,
    text: transition_text,
    remove: transition_remove,
    tween: transition_tween,
    delay: transition_delay,
    duration: transition_duration,
    ease: transition_ease
  };

  var defaultTiming = {
    time: null, // Set on use.
    delay: 0,
    duration: 250,
    ease: easeCubicInOut
  };

  function inherit(node, id) {
    var timing;
    while (!(timing = node.__transition) || !(timing = timing[id])) {
      if (!(node = node.parentNode)) {
        return defaultTiming.time = now(), defaultTiming;
      }
    }
    return timing;
  }

  function selection_transition(name) {
    var id,
        timing;

    if (name instanceof Transition) {
      id = name._id, name = name._name;
    } else {
      id = newId(), (timing = defaultTiming).time = now(), name = name == null ? null : name + "";
    }

    for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
      for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (node = group[i]) {
          schedule(node, name, id, i, group, timing || inherit(node, id));
        }
      }
    }

    return new Transition(groups, this._parents, name, id);
  }

  selection.prototype.interrupt = selection_interrupt;
  selection.prototype.transition = selection_transition;

  var root$1 = [null];

  function active(node, name) {
    var schedules = node.__transition,
        schedule,
        i;

    if (schedules) {
      name = name == null ? null : name + "";
      for (i in schedules) {
        if ((schedule = schedules[i]).state > SCHEDULED && schedule.name === name) {
          return new Transition([[node]], root$1, name, +i);
        }
      }
    }

    return null;
  }

  var slice$4 = Array.prototype.slice;

  function identity$5(x) {
    return x;
  }

  var top = 1;
  var right = 2;
  var bottom = 3;
  var left = 4;
var   epsilon$2 = 1e-6;
  function translateX(scale0, scale1, d) {
    var x = scale0(d);
    return "translate(" + (isFinite(x) ? x : scale1(d)) + ",0)";
  }

  function translateY(scale0, scale1, d) {
    var y = scale0(d);
    return "translate(0," + (isFinite(y) ? y : scale1(d)) + ")";
  }

  function center(scale) {
    var width = scale.bandwidth() / 2;
    return function(d) {
      return scale(d) + width;
    };
  }

  function entering() {
    return !this.__axis;
  }

  function axis(orient, scale) {
    var tickArguments = [],
        tickValues = null,
        tickFormat = null,
        tickSizeInner = 6,
        tickSizeOuter = 6,
        tickPadding = 3;

    function axis(context) {
      var values = tickValues == null ? (scale.ticks ? scale.ticks.apply(scale, tickArguments) : scale.domain()) : tickValues,
          format = tickFormat == null ? (scale.tickFormat ? scale.tickFormat.apply(scale, tickArguments) : identity$5) : tickFormat,
          spacing = Math.max(tickSizeInner, 0) + tickPadding,
          transform = orient === top || orient === bottom ? translateX : translateY,
          range = scale.range(),
          range0 = range[0] + 0.5,
          range1 = range[range.length - 1] + 0.5,
          position = (scale.bandwidth ? center : identity$5)(scale.copy()),
          selection = context.selection ? context.selection() : context,
          path = selection.selectAll(".domain").data([null]),
          tick = selection.selectAll(".tick").data(values, scale).order(),
          tickExit = tick.exit(),
          tickEnter = tick.enter().append("g").attr("class", "tick"),
          line = tick.select("line"),
          text = tick.select("text"),
          k = orient === top || orient === left ? -1 : 1,
          x, y = orient === left || orient === right ? (x = "x", "y") : (x = "y", "x");

      path = path.merge(path.enter().insert("path", ".tick")
          .attr("class", "domain")
          .attr("stroke", "#000"));

      tick = tick.merge(tickEnter);

      line = line.merge(tickEnter.append("line")
          .attr("stroke", "#000")
          .attr(x + "2", k * tickSizeInner)
          .attr(y + "1", 0.5)
          .attr(y + "2", 0.5));

      text = text.merge(tickEnter.append("text")
          .attr("fill", "#000")
          .attr(x, k * spacing)
          .attr(y, 0.5)
          .attr("dy", orient === top ? "0em" : orient === bottom ? ".71em" : ".32em"));

      if (context !== selection) {
        path = path.transition(context);
        tick = tick.transition(context);
        line = line.transition(context);
        text = text.transition(context);

        tickExit = tickExit.transition(context)
            .attr("opacity", epsilon$2)
            .attr("transform", function(d) { return transform(position, this.parentNode.__axis || position, d); });

        tickEnter
            .attr("opacity", epsilon$2)
            .attr("transform", function(d) { return transform(this.parentNode.__axis || position, position, d); });
      }

      tickExit.remove();

      path
          .attr("d", orient === left || orient == right
              ? "M" + k * tickSizeOuter + "," + range0 + "H0.5V" + range1 + "H" + k * tickSizeOuter
              : "M" + range0 + "," + k * tickSizeOuter + "V0.5H" + range1 + "V" + k * tickSizeOuter);

      tick
          .attr("opacity", 1)
          .attr("transform", function(d) { return transform(position, position, d); });

      line
          .attr(x + "2", k * tickSizeInner);

      text
          .attr(x, k * spacing)
          .text(format);

      selection.filter(entering)
          .attr("fill", "none")
          .attr("font-size", 10)
          .attr("font-family", "sans-serif")
          .attr("text-anchor", orient === right ? "start" : orient === left ? "end" : "middle");

      selection
          .each(function() { this.__axis = position; });
    }

    axis.scale = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (scale = _, axis) : scale;
    };

    axis.ticks = function() {
      return tickArguments = slice$4.call(arguments), axis;
    };

    axis.tickArguments = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickArguments = _ == null ? [] : slice$4.call(_), axis) : tickArguments.slice();
    };

    axis.tickValues = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickValues = _ == null ? null : slice$4.call(_), axis) : tickValues && tickValues.slice();
    };

    axis.tickFormat = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickFormat = _, axis) : tickFormat;
    };

    axis.tickSize = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickSizeInner = tickSizeOuter = +_, axis) : tickSizeInner;
    };

    axis.tickSizeInner = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickSizeInner = +_, axis) : tickSizeInner;
    };

    axis.tickSizeOuter = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickSizeOuter = +_, axis) : tickSizeOuter;
    };

    axis.tickPadding = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (tickPadding = +_, axis) : tickPadding;
    };

    return axis;
  }

  function axisTop(scale) {
    return axis(top, scale);
  }

  function axisRight(scale) {
    return axis(right, scale);
  }

  function axisBottom(scale) {
    return axis(bottom, scale);
  }

  function axisLeft(scale) {
    return axis(left, scale);
  }

  function defaultSeparation(a, b) {
    return a.parent === b.parent ? 1 : 2;
  }

  function meanX(children) {
    return children.reduce(meanXReduce, 0) / children.length;
  }

  function meanXReduce(x, c) {
    return x + c.x;
  }

  function maxY(children) {
    return 1 + children.reduce(maxYReduce, 0);
  }

  function maxYReduce(y, c) {
    return Math.max(y, c.y);
  }

  function leafLeft(node) {
    var children;
    while (children = node.children) node = children[0];
    return node;
  }

  function leafRight(node) {
    var children;
    while (children = node.children) node = children[children.length - 1];
    return node;
  }

  function cluster() {
    var separation = defaultSeparation,
        dx = 1,
        dy = 1,
        nodeSize = false;

    function cluster(root) {
      var previousNode,
          x = 0;

      // First walk, computing the initial x & y values.
      root.eachAfter(function(node) {
        var children = node.children;
        if (children) {
          node.x = meanX(children);
          node.y = maxY(children);
        } else {
          node.x = previousNode ? x += separation(node, previousNode) : 0;
          node.y = 0;
          previousNode = node;
        }
      });

      var left = leafLeft(root),
          right = leafRight(root),
          x0 = left.x - separation(left, right) / 2,
          x1 = right.x + separation(right, left) / 2;

      // Second walk, normalizing x & y to the desired size.
      return root.eachAfter(nodeSize ? function(node) {
        node.x = (node.x - root.x) * dx;
        node.y = (root.y - node.y) * dy;
      } : function(node) {
        node.x = (node.x - x0) / (x1 - x0) * dx;
        node.y = (1 - (root.y ? node.y / root.y : 1)) * dy;
      });
    }

    cluster.separation = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (separation = x, cluster) : separation;
    };

    cluster.size = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (nodeSize = false, dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], cluster) : (nodeSize ? null : [dx, dy]);
    };

    cluster.nodeSize = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (nodeSize = true, dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], cluster) : (nodeSize ? [dx, dy] : null);
    };

    return cluster;
  }

  function node_each(callback) {
    var node = this, current, next = [node], children, i, n;
    do {
      current = next.reverse(), next = [];
      while (node = current.pop()) {
        callback(node), children = node.children;
        if (children) for (i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; ++i) {
          next.push(children[i]);
        }
      }
    } while (next.length);
    return this;
  }

  function node_eachBefore(callback) {
    var node = this, nodes = [node], children, i;
    while (node = nodes.pop()) {
      callback(node), children = node.children;
      if (children) for (i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        nodes.push(children[i]);
      }
    }
    return this;
  }

  function node_eachAfter(callback) {
    var node = this, nodes = [node], next = [], children, i, n;
    while (node = nodes.pop()) {
      next.push(node), children = node.children;
      if (children) for (i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; ++i) {
        nodes.push(children[i]);
      }
    }
    while (node = next.pop()) {
      callback(node);
    }
    return this;
  }

  function node_sum(value) {
    return this.eachAfter(function(node) {
      var sum = +value(node.data) || 0,
          children = node.children,
          i = children && children.length;
      while (--i >= 0) sum += children[i].value;
      node.value = sum;
    });
  }

  function node_sort(compare) {
    return this.eachBefore(function(node) {
      if (node.children) {
        node.children.sort(compare);
      }
    });
  }

  function node_path(end) {
    var start = this,
        ancestor = leastCommonAncestor(start, end),
        nodes = [start];
    while (start !== ancestor) {
      start = start.parent;
      nodes.push(start);
    }
    var k = nodes.length;
    while (end !== ancestor) {
      nodes.splice(k, 0, end);
      end = end.parent;
    }
    return nodes;
  }

  function leastCommonAncestor(a, b) {
    if (a === b) return a;
    var aNodes = a.ancestors(),
        bNodes = b.ancestors(),
        c = null;
    a = aNodes.pop();
    b = bNodes.pop();
    while (a === b) {
      c = a;
      a = aNodes.pop();
      b = bNodes.pop();
    }
    return c;
  }

  function node_ancestors() {
    var node = this, nodes = [node];
    while (node = node.parent) {
      nodes.push(node);
    }
    return nodes;
  }

  function node_descendants() {
    var nodes = [];
    this.each(function(node) {
      nodes.push(node);
    });
    return nodes;
  }

  function node_leaves() {
    var leaves = [];
    this.eachBefore(function(node) {
      if (!node.children) {
        leaves.push(node);
      }
    });
    return leaves;
  }

  function node_links() {
    var root = this, links = [];
    root.each(function(node) {
      if (node !== root) { // Don’t include the root’s parent, if any.
        links.push({source: node.parent, target: node});
      }
    });
    return links;
  }

  function hierarchy(data, children) {
    var root = new Node(data),
        valued = +data.value && (root.value = data.value),
        node,
        nodes = [root],
        child,
        childs,
        i,
        n;

    if (children == null) children = defaultChildren;

    while (node = nodes.pop()) {
      if (valued) node.value = +node.data.value;
      if ((childs = children(node.data)) && (n = childs.length)) {
        node.children = new Array(n);
        for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
          nodes.push(child = node.children[i] = new Node(childs[i]));
          child.parent = node;
          child.depth = node.depth + 1;
        }
      }
    }

    return root.eachBefore(computeHeight);
  }

  function node_copy() {
    return hierarchy(this).eachBefore(copyData);
  }

  function defaultChildren(d) {
    return d.children;
  }

  function copyData(node) {
    node.data = node.data.data;
  }

  function computeHeight(node) {
    var height = 0;
    do node.height = height;
    while ((node = node.parent) && (node.height < ++height));
  }

  function Node(data) {
    this.data = data;
    this.depth =
    this.height = 0;
    this.parent = null;
  }

  Node.prototype = hierarchy.prototype = {
    constructor: Node,
    each: node_each,
    eachAfter: node_eachAfter,
    eachBefore: node_eachBefore,
    sum: node_sum,
    sort: node_sort,
    path: node_path,
    ancestors: node_ancestors,
    descendants: node_descendants,
    leaves: node_leaves,
    links: node_links,
    copy: node_copy
  };

  function Node$2(value) {
    this._ = value;
    this.next = null;
  }

  function shuffle$1(array) {
    var i,
        n = (array = array.slice()).length,
        head = null,
        node = head;

    while (n) {
      var next = new Node$2(array[n - 1]);
      if (node) node = node.next = next;
      else node = head = next;
      array[i] = array[--n];
    }

    return {
      head: head,
      tail: node
    };
  }

  function enclose(circles) {
    return encloseN(shuffle$1(circles), []);
  }

  function encloses(a, b) {
    var dx = b.x - a.x,
        dy = b.y - a.y,
        dr = a.r - b.r;
    return dr * dr + 1e-6 > dx * dx + dy * dy;
  }

  // Returns the smallest circle that contains circles L and intersects circles B.
  function encloseN(L, B) {
    var circle,
        l0 = null,
        l1 = L.head,
        l2,
        p1;

    switch (B.length) {
      case 1: circle = enclose1(B[0]); break;
      case 2: circle = enclose2(B[0], B[1]); break;
      case 3: circle = enclose3(B[0], B[1], B[2]); break;
    }

    while (l1) {
      p1 = l1._, l2 = l1.next;
      if (!circle || !encloses(circle, p1)) {

        // Temporarily truncate L before l1.
        if (l0) L.tail = l0, l0.next = null;
        else L.head = L.tail = null;

        B.push(p1);
        circle = encloseN(L, B); // Note: reorders L!
        B.pop();

        // Move l1 to the front of L and reconnect the truncated list L.
        if (L.head) l1.next = L.head, L.head = l1;
        else l1.next = null, L.head = L.tail = l1;
        l0 = L.tail, l0.next = l2;

      } else {
        l0 = l1;
      }
      l1 = l2;
    }

    L.tail = l0;
    return circle;
  }

  function enclose1(a) {
    return {
      x: a.x,
      y: a.y,
      r: a.r
    };
  }

  function enclose2(a, b) {
    var x1 = a.x, y1 = a.y, r1 = a.r,
        x2 = b.x, y2 = b.y, r2 = b.r,
        x21 = x2 - x1, y21 = y2 - y1, r21 = r2 - r1,
        l = Math.sqrt(x21 * x21 + y21 * y21);
    return {
      x: (x1 + x2 + x21 / l * r21) / 2,
      y: (y1 + y2 + y21 / l * r21) / 2,
      r: (l + r1 + r2) / 2
    };
  }

  function enclose3(a, b, c) {
    var x1 = a.x, y1 = a.y, r1 = a.r,
        x2 = b.x, y2 = b.y, r2 = b.r,
        x3 = c.x, y3 = c.y, r3 = c.r,
        a2 = 2 * (x1 - x2),
        b2 = 2 * (y1 - y2),
        c2 = 2 * (r2 - r1),
        d2 = x1 * x1 + y1 * y1 - r1 * r1 - x2 * x2 - y2 * y2 + r2 * r2,
        a3 = 2 * (x1 - x3),
        b3 = 2 * (y1 - y3),
        c3 = 2 * (r3 - r1),
        d3 = x1 * x1 + y1 * y1 - r1 * r1 - x3 * x3 - y3 * y3 + r3 * r3,
        ab = a3 * b2 - a2 * b3,
        xa = (b2 * d3 - b3 * d2) / ab - x1,
        xb = (b3 * c2 - b2 * c3) / ab,
        ya = (a3 * d2 - a2 * d3) / ab - y1,
        yb = (a2 * c3 - a3 * c2) / ab,
        A = xb * xb + yb * yb - 1,
        B = 2 * (xa * xb + ya * yb + r1),
        C = xa * xa + ya * ya - r1 * r1,
        r = (-B - Math.sqrt(B * B - 4 * A * C)) / (2 * A);
    return {
      x: xa + xb * r + x1,
      y: ya + yb * r + y1,
      r: r
    };
  }

  function place(a, b, c) {
    var ax = a.x,
        ay = a.y,
        da = b.r + c.r,
        db = a.r + c.r,
        dx = b.x - ax,
        dy = b.y - ay,
        dc = dx * dx + dy * dy;
    if (dc) {
      var x = 0.5 + ((db *= db) - (da *= da)) / (2 * dc),
          y = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, 2 * da * (db + dc) - (db -= dc) * db - da * da)) / (2 * dc);
      c.x = ax + x * dx + y * dy;
      c.y = ay + x * dy - y * dx;
    } else {
      c.x = ax + db;
      c.y = ay;
    }
  }

  function intersects(a, b) {
    var dx = b.x - a.x,
        dy = b.y - a.y,
        dr = a.r + b.r;
    return dr * dr > dx * dx + dy * dy;
  }

  function distance2(circle, x, y) {
    var dx = circle.x - x,
        dy = circle.y - y;
    return dx * dx + dy * dy;
  }

  function Node$1(circle) {
    this._ = circle;
    this.next = null;
    this.previous = null;
  }

  function packEnclose(circles) {
    if (!(n = circles.length)) return 0;

    var a, b, c, n;

    // Place the first circle.
    a = circles[0], a.x = 0, a.y = 0;
    if (!(n > 1)) return a.r;

    // Place the second circle.
    b = circles[1], a.x = -b.r, b.x = a.r, b.y = 0;
    if (!(n > 2)) return a.r + b.r;

    // Place the third circle.
    place(b, a, c = circles[2]);

    // Initialize the weighted centroid.
    var aa = a.r * a.r,
        ba = b.r * b.r,
        ca = c.r * c.r,
        oa = aa + ba + ca,
        ox = aa * a.x + ba * b.x + ca * c.x,
        oy = aa * a.y + ba * b.y + ca * c.y,
        cx, cy, i, j, k, sj, sk;

    // Initialize the front-chain using the first three circles a, b and c.
    a = new Node$1(a), b = new Node$1(b), c = new Node$1(c);
    a.next = c.previous = b;
    b.next = a.previous = c;
    c.next = b.previous = a;

    // Attempt to place each remaining circle…
    pack: for (i = 3; i < n; ++i) {
      place(a._, b._, c = circles[i]), c = new Node$1(c);

      // If there are only three elements in the front-chain…
      if ((k = a.previous) === (j = b.next)) {
        // If the new circle intersects the third circle,
        // rotate the front chain to try the next position.
        if (intersects(j._, c._)) {
          a = b, b = j, --i;
          continue pack;
        }
      }

      // Find the closest intersecting circle on the front-chain, if any.
      else {
        sj = j._.r, sk = k._.r;
        do {
          if (sj <= sk) {
            if (intersects(j._, c._)) {
              b = j, a.next = b, b.previous = a, --i;
              continue pack;
            }
            j = j.next, sj += j._.r;
          } else {
            if (intersects(k._, c._)) {
              a = k, a.next = b, b.previous = a, --i;
              continue pack;
            }
            k = k.previous, sk += k._.r;
          }
        } while (j !== k.next);
      }

      // Success! Insert the new circle c between a and b.
      c.previous = a, c.next = b, a.next = b.previous = b = c;

      // Update the weighted centroid.
      oa += ca = c._.r * c._.r;
      ox += ca * c._.x;
      oy += ca * c._.y;

      // Compute the new closest circle a to centroid.
      aa = distance2(a._, cx = ox / oa, cy = oy / oa);
      while ((c = c.next) !== b) {
        if ((ca = distance2(c._, cx, cy)) < aa) {
          a = c, aa = ca;
        }
      }
      b = a.next;
    }

    // Compute the enclosing circle of the front chain.
    a = [b._], c = b; while ((c = c.next) !== b) a.push(c._); c = enclose(a);

    // Translate the circles to put the enclosing circle around the origin.
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) a = circles[i], a.x -= c.x, a.y -= c.y;

    return c.r;
  }

  function siblings(circles) {
    packEnclose(circles);
    return circles;
  }

  function optional(f) {
    return f == null ? null : required(f);
  }

  function required(f) {
    if (typeof f !== "function") throw new Error;
    return f;
  }

  function constantZero() {
    return 0;
  }

  function constant$5(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function defaultRadius(d) {
    return Math.sqrt(d.value);
  }

  function index() {
    var radius = null,
        dx = 1,
        dy = 1,
        padding = constantZero;

    function pack(root) {
      root.x = dx / 2, root.y = dy / 2;
      if (radius) {
        root.eachBefore(radiusLeaf(radius))
            .eachAfter(packChildren(padding, 0.5))
            .eachBefore(translateChild(1));
      } else {
        root.eachBefore(radiusLeaf(defaultRadius))
            .eachAfter(packChildren(constantZero, 1))
            .eachAfter(packChildren(padding, root.r / Math.min(dx, dy)))
            .eachBefore(translateChild(Math.min(dx, dy) / (2 * root.r)));
      }
      return root;
    }

    pack.radius = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (radius = optional(x), pack) : radius;
    };

    pack.size = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], pack) : [dx, dy];
    };

    pack.padding = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (padding = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), pack) : padding;
    };

    return pack;
  }

  function radiusLeaf(radius) {
    return function(node) {
      if (!node.children) {
        node.r = Math.max(0, +radius(node) || 0);
      }
    };
  }

  function packChildren(padding, k) {
    return function(node) {
      if (children = node.children) {
        var children,
            i,
            n = children.length,
            r = padding(node) * k || 0,
            e;

        if (r) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) children[i].r += r;
        e = packEnclose(children);
        if (r) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) children[i].r -= r;
        node.r = e + r;
      }
    };
  }

  function translateChild(k) {
    return function(node) {
      var parent = node.parent;
      node.r *= k;
      if (parent) {
        node.x = parent.x + k * node.x;
        node.y = parent.y + k * node.y;
      }
    };
  }

  function roundNode(node) {
    node.x0 = Math.round(node.x0);
    node.y0 = Math.round(node.y0);
    node.x1 = Math.round(node.x1);
    node.y1 = Math.round(node.y1);
  }

  function treemapDice(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var nodes = parent.children,
        node,
        i = -1,
        n = nodes.length,
        k = parent.value && (x1 - x0) / parent.value;

    while (++i < n) {
      node = nodes[i], node.y0 = y0, node.y1 = y1;
      node.x0 = x0, node.x1 = x0 += node.value * k;
    }
  }

  function partition() {
    var dx = 1,
        dy = 1,
        padding = 0,
        round = false;

    function partition(root) {
      var n = root.height + 1;
      root.x0 =
      root.y0 = padding;
      root.x1 = dx;
      root.y1 = dy / n;
      root.eachBefore(positionNode(dy, n));
      if (round) root.eachBefore(roundNode);
      return root;
    }

    function positionNode(dy, n) {
      return function(node) {
        if (node.children) {
          treemapDice(node, node.x0, dy * (node.depth + 1) / n, node.x1, dy * (node.depth + 2) / n);
        }
        var x0 = node.x0,
            y0 = node.y0,
            x1 = node.x1 - padding,
            y1 = node.y1 - padding;
        if (x1 < x0) x0 = x1 = (x0 + x1) / 2;
        if (y1 < y0) y0 = y1 = (y0 + y1) / 2;
        node.x0 = x0;
        node.y0 = y0;
        node.x1 = x1;
        node.y1 = y1;
      };
    }

    partition.round = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (round = !!x, partition) : round;
    };

    partition.size = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], partition) : [dx, dy];
    };

    partition.padding = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (padding = +x, partition) : padding;
    };

    return partition;
  }

var   keyPrefix$1 = "$";
  var preroot = {depth: -1};
  var ambiguous = {};
  function defaultId(d) {
    return d.id;
  }

  function defaultParentId(d) {
    return d.parentId;
  }

  function stratify() {
    var id = defaultId,
        parentId = defaultParentId;

    function stratify(data) {
      var d,
          i,
          n = data.length,
          root,
          parent,
          node,
          nodes = new Array(n),
          nodeId,
          nodeKey,
          nodeByKey = {};

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        d = data[i], node = nodes[i] = new Node(d);
        if ((nodeId = id(d, i, data)) != null && (nodeId += "")) {
          nodeKey = keyPrefix$1 + (node.id = nodeId);
          nodeByKey[nodeKey] = nodeKey in nodeByKey ? ambiguous : node;
        }
      }

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], nodeId = parentId(data[i], i, data);
        if (nodeId == null || !(nodeId += "")) {
          if (root) throw new Error("multiple roots");
          root = node;
        } else {
          parent = nodeByKey[keyPrefix$1 + nodeId];
          if (!parent) throw new Error("missing: " + nodeId);
          if (parent === ambiguous) throw new Error("ambiguous: " + nodeId);
          if (parent.children) parent.children.push(node);
          else parent.children = [node];
          node.parent = parent;
        }
      }

      if (!root) throw new Error("no root");
      root.parent = preroot;
      root.eachBefore(function(node) { node.depth = node.parent.depth + 1; --n; }).eachBefore(computeHeight);
      root.parent = null;
      if (n > 0) throw new Error("cycle");

      return root;
    }

    stratify.id = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (id = required(x), stratify) : id;
    };

    stratify.parentId = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (parentId = required(x), stratify) : parentId;
    };

    return stratify;
  }

  function defaultSeparation$1(a, b) {
    return a.parent === b.parent ? 1 : 2;
  }

  // function radialSeparation(a, b) {
  //   return (a.parent === b.parent ? 1 : 2) / a.depth;
  // }

  // This function is used to traverse the left contour of a subtree (or
  // subforest). It returns the successor of v on this contour. This successor is
  // either given by the leftmost child of v or by the thread of v. The function
  // returns null if and only if v is on the highest level of its subtree.
  function nextLeft(v) {
    var children = v.children;
    return children ? children[0] : v.t;
  }

  // This function works analogously to nextLeft.
  function nextRight(v) {
    var children = v.children;
    return children ? children[children.length - 1] : v.t;
  }

  // Shifts the current subtree rooted at w+. This is done by increasing
  // prelim(w+) and mod(w+) by shift.
  function moveSubtree(wm, wp, shift) {
    var change = shift / (wp.i - wm.i);
    wp.c -= change;
    wp.s += shift;
    wm.c += change;
    wp.z += shift;
    wp.m += shift;
  }

  // All other shifts, applied to the smaller subtrees between w- and w+, are
  // performed by this function. To prepare the shifts, we have to adjust
  // change(w+), shift(w+), and change(w-).
  function executeShifts(v) {
    var shift = 0,
        change = 0,
        children = v.children,
        i = children.length,
        w;
    while (--i >= 0) {
      w = children[i];
      w.z += shift;
      w.m += shift;
      shift += w.s + (change += w.c);
    }
  }

  // If vi-’s ancestor is a sibling of v, returns vi-’s ancestor. Otherwise,
  // returns the specified (default) ancestor.
  function nextAncestor(vim, v, ancestor) {
    return vim.a.parent === v.parent ? vim.a : ancestor;
  }

  function TreeNode(node, i) {
    this._ = node;
    this.parent = null;
    this.children = null;
    this.A = null; // default ancestor
    this.a = this; // ancestor
    this.z = 0; // prelim
    this.m = 0; // mod
    this.c = 0; // change
    this.s = 0; // shift
    this.t = null; // thread
    this.i = i; // number
  }

  TreeNode.prototype = Object.create(Node.prototype);

  function treeRoot(root) {
    var tree = new TreeNode(root, 0),
        node,
        nodes = [tree],
        child,
        children,
        i,
        n;

    while (node = nodes.pop()) {
      if (children = node._.children) {
        node.children = new Array(n = children.length);
        for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
          nodes.push(child = node.children[i] = new TreeNode(children[i], i));
          child.parent = node;
        }
      }
    }

    (tree.parent = new TreeNode(null, 0)).children = [tree];
    return tree;
  }

  // Node-link tree diagram using the Reingold-Tilford "tidy" algorithm
  function tree() {
    var separation = defaultSeparation$1,
        dx = 1,
        dy = 1,
        nodeSize = null;

    function tree(root) {
      var t = treeRoot(root);

      // Compute the layout using Buchheim et al.’s algorithm.
      t.eachAfter(firstWalk), t.parent.m = -t.z;
      t.eachBefore(secondWalk);

      // If a fixed node size is specified, scale x and y.
      if (nodeSize) root.eachBefore(sizeNode);

      // If a fixed tree size is specified, scale x and y based on the extent.
      // Compute the left-most, right-most, and depth-most nodes for extents.
      else {
        var left = root,
            right = root,
            bottom = root;
        root.eachBefore(function(node) {
          if (node.x < left.x) left = node;
          if (node.x > right.x) right = node;
          if (node.depth > bottom.depth) bottom = node;
        });
        var s = left === right ? 1 : separation(left, right) / 2,
            tx = s - left.x,
            kx = dx / (right.x + s + tx),
            ky = dy / (bottom.depth || 1);
        root.eachBefore(function(node) {
          node.x = (node.x + tx) * kx;
          node.y = node.depth * ky;
        });
      }

      return root;
    }

    // Computes a preliminary x-coordinate for v. Before that, FIRST WALK is
    // applied recursively to the children of v, as well as the function
    // APPORTION. After spacing out the children by calling EXECUTE SHIFTS, the
    // node v is placed to the midpoint of its outermost children.
    function firstWalk(v) {
      var children = v.children,
          siblings = v.parent.children,
          w = v.i ? siblings[v.i - 1] : null;
      if (children) {
        executeShifts(v);
        var midpoint = (children[0].z + children[children.length - 1].z) / 2;
        if (w) {
          v.z = w.z + separation(v._, w._);
          v.m = v.z - midpoint;
        } else {
          v.z = midpoint;
        }
      } else if (w) {
        v.z = w.z + separation(v._, w._);
      }
      v.parent.A = apportion(v, w, v.parent.A || siblings[0]);
    }

    // Computes all real x-coordinates by summing up the modifiers recursively.
    function secondWalk(v) {
      v._.x = v.z + v.parent.m;
      v.m += v.parent.m;
    }

    // The core of the algorithm. Here, a new subtree is combined with the
    // previous subtrees. Threads are used to traverse the inside and outside
    // contours of the left and right subtree up to the highest common level. The
    // vertices used for the traversals are vi+, vi-, vo-, and vo+, where the
    // superscript o means outside and i means inside, the subscript - means left
    // subtree and + means right subtree. For summing up the modifiers along the
    // contour, we use respective variables si+, si-, so-, and so+. Whenever two
    // nodes of the inside contours conflict, we compute the left one of the
    // greatest uncommon ancestors using the function ANCESTOR and call MOVE
    // SUBTREE to shift the subtree and prepare the shifts of smaller subtrees.
    // Finally, we add a new thread (if necessary).
    function apportion(v, w, ancestor) {
      if (w) {
        var vip = v,
            vop = v,
            vim = w,
            vom = vip.parent.children[0],
            sip = vip.m,
            sop = vop.m,
            sim = vim.m,
            som = vom.m,
            shift;
        while (vim = nextRight(vim), vip = nextLeft(vip), vim && vip) {
          vom = nextLeft(vom);
          vop = nextRight(vop);
          vop.a = v;
          shift = vim.z + sim - vip.z - sip + separation(vim._, vip._);
          if (shift > 0) {
            moveSubtree(nextAncestor(vim, v, ancestor), v, shift);
            sip += shift;
            sop += shift;
          }
          sim += vim.m;
          sip += vip.m;
          som += vom.m;
          sop += vop.m;
        }
        if (vim && !nextRight(vop)) {
          vop.t = vim;
          vop.m += sim - sop;
        }
        if (vip && !nextLeft(vom)) {
          vom.t = vip;
          vom.m += sip - som;
          ancestor = v;
        }
      }
      return ancestor;
    }

    function sizeNode(node) {
      node.x *= dx;
      node.y = node.depth * dy;
    }

    tree.separation = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (separation = x, tree) : separation;
    };

    tree.size = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (nodeSize = false, dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], tree) : (nodeSize ? null : [dx, dy]);
    };

    tree.nodeSize = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (nodeSize = true, dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], tree) : (nodeSize ? [dx, dy] : null);
    };

    return tree;
  }

  function treemapSlice(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var nodes = parent.children,
        node,
        i = -1,
        n = nodes.length,
        k = parent.value && (y1 - y0) / parent.value;

    while (++i < n) {
      node = nodes[i], node.x0 = x0, node.x1 = x1;
      node.y0 = y0, node.y1 = y0 += node.value * k;
    }
  }

  var phi = (1 + Math.sqrt(5)) / 2;

  function squarifyRatio(ratio, parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var rows = [],
        nodes = parent.children,
        row,
        nodeValue,
        i0 = 0,
        i1,
        n = nodes.length,
        dx, dy,
        value = parent.value,
        sumValue,
        minValue,
        maxValue,
        newRatio,
        minRatio,
        alpha,
        beta;

    while (i0 < n) {
      dx = x1 - x0, dy = y1 - y0;
      minValue = maxValue = sumValue = nodes[i0].value;
      alpha = Math.max(dy / dx, dx / dy) / (value * ratio);
      beta = sumValue * sumValue * alpha;
      minRatio = Math.max(maxValue / beta, beta / minValue);

      // Keep adding nodes while the aspect ratio maintains or improves.
      for (i1 = i0 + 1; i1 < n; ++i1) {
        sumValue += nodeValue = nodes[i1].value;
        if (nodeValue < minValue) minValue = nodeValue;
        if (nodeValue > maxValue) maxValue = nodeValue;
        beta = sumValue * sumValue * alpha;
        newRatio = Math.max(maxValue / beta, beta / minValue);
        if (newRatio > minRatio) { sumValue -= nodeValue; break; }
        minRatio = newRatio;
      }

      // Position and record the row orientation.
      rows.push(row = {value: sumValue, dice: dx < dy, children: nodes.slice(i0, i1)});
      if (row.dice) treemapDice(row, x0, y0, x1, value ? y0 += dy * sumValue / value : y1);
      else treemapSlice(row, x0, y0, value ? x0 += dx * sumValue / value : x1, y1);
      value -= sumValue, i0 = i1;
    }

    return rows;
  }

  var squarify = (function custom(ratio) {

    function squarify(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
      squarifyRatio(ratio, parent, x0, y0, x1, y1);
    }

    squarify.ratio = function(x) {
      return custom((x = +x) > 1 ? x : 1);
    };

    return squarify;
  })(phi);

  function index$1() {
    var tile = squarify,
        round = false,
        dx = 1,
        dy = 1,
        paddingStack = [0],
        paddingInner = constantZero,
        paddingTop = constantZero,
        paddingRight = constantZero,
        paddingBottom = constantZero,
        paddingLeft = constantZero;

    function treemap(root) {
      root.x0 =
      root.y0 = 0;
      root.x1 = dx;
      root.y1 = dy;
      root.eachBefore(positionNode);
      paddingStack = [0];
      if (round) root.eachBefore(roundNode);
      return root;
    }

    function positionNode(node) {
      var p = paddingStack[node.depth],
          x0 = node.x0 + p,
          y0 = node.y0 + p,
          x1 = node.x1 - p,
          y1 = node.y1 - p;
      if (x1 < x0) x0 = x1 = (x0 + x1) / 2;
      if (y1 < y0) y0 = y1 = (y0 + y1) / 2;
      node.x0 = x0;
      node.y0 = y0;
      node.x1 = x1;
      node.y1 = y1;
      if (node.children) {
        p = paddingStack[node.depth + 1] = paddingInner(node) / 2;
        x0 += paddingLeft(node) - p;
        y0 += paddingTop(node) - p;
        x1 -= paddingRight(node) - p;
        y1 -= paddingBottom(node) - p;
        if (x1 < x0) x0 = x1 = (x0 + x1) / 2;
        if (y1 < y0) y0 = y1 = (y0 + y1) / 2;
        tile(node, x0, y0, x1, y1);
      }
    }

    treemap.round = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (round = !!x, treemap) : round;
    };

    treemap.size = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (dx = +x[0], dy = +x[1], treemap) : [dx, dy];
    };

    treemap.tile = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (tile = required(x), treemap) : tile;
    };

    treemap.padding = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? treemap.paddingInner(x).paddingOuter(x) : treemap.paddingInner();
    };

    treemap.paddingInner = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingInner = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), treemap) : paddingInner;
    };

    treemap.paddingOuter = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? treemap.paddingTop(x).paddingRight(x).paddingBottom(x).paddingLeft(x) : treemap.paddingTop();
    };

    treemap.paddingTop = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingTop = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), treemap) : paddingTop;
    };

    treemap.paddingRight = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingRight = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), treemap) : paddingRight;
    };

    treemap.paddingBottom = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingBottom = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), treemap) : paddingBottom;
    };

    treemap.paddingLeft = function(x) {
      return arguments.length ? (paddingLeft = typeof x === "function" ? x : constant$5(+x), treemap) : paddingLeft;
    };

    return treemap;
  }

  function binary(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var nodes = parent.children,
        i, n = nodes.length,
        sum, sums = new Array(n + 1);

    for (sums[0] = sum = i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      sums[i + 1] = sum += nodes[i].value;
    }

    partition(0, n, parent.value, x0, y0, x1, y1);

    function partition(i, j, value, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
      if (i >= j - 1) {
        var node = nodes[i];
        node.x0 = x0, node.y0 = y0;
        node.x1 = x1, node.y1 = y1;
        return;
      }

      var valueOffset = sums[i],
          valueTarget = (value / 2) + valueOffset,
          k = i + 1,
          hi = j - 1;

      while (k < hi) {
        var mid = k + hi >>> 1;
        if (sums[mid] < valueTarget) k = mid + 1;
        else hi = mid;
      }

      var valueLeft = sums[k] - valueOffset,
          valueRight = value - valueLeft;

      if ((y1 - y0) > (x1 - x0)) {
        var yk = (y0 * valueRight + y1 * valueLeft) / value;
        partition(i, k, valueLeft, x0, y0, x1, yk);
        partition(k, j, valueRight, x0, yk, x1, y1);
      } else {
        var xk = (x0 * valueRight + x1 * valueLeft) / value;
        partition(i, k, valueLeft, x0, y0, xk, y1);
        partition(k, j, valueRight, xk, y0, x1, y1);
      }
    }
  }

  function sliceDice(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    (parent.depth & 1 ? treemapSlice : treemapDice)(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1);
  }

  var resquarify = (function custom(ratio) {

    function resquarify(parent, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
      if ((rows = parent._squarify) && (rows.ratio === ratio)) {
        var rows,
            row,
            nodes,
            i,
            j = -1,
            n,
            m = rows.length,
            value = parent.value;

        while (++j < m) {
          row = rows[j], nodes = row.children;
          for (i = row.value = 0, n = nodes.length; i < n; ++i) row.value += nodes[i].value;
          if (row.dice) treemapDice(row, x0, y0, x1, y0 += (y1 - y0) * row.value / value);
          else treemapSlice(row, x0, y0, x0 += (x1 - x0) * row.value / value, y1);
          value -= row.value;
        }
      } else {
        parent._squarify = rows = squarifyRatio(ratio, parent, x0, y0, x1, y1);
        rows.ratio = ratio;
      }
    }

    resquarify.ratio = function(x) {
      return custom((x = +x) > 1 ? x : 1);
    };

    return resquarify;
  })(phi);

  function center$1(x, y) {
    var nodes;

    if (x == null) x = 0;
    if (y == null) y = 0;

    function force() {
      var i,
          n = nodes.length,
          node,
          sx = 0,
          sy = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], sx += node.x, sy += node.y;
      }

      for (sx = sx / n - x, sy = sy / n - y, i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.x -= sx, node.y -= sy;
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
    };

    force.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = +_, force) : x;
    };

    force.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y = +_, force) : y;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function constant$6(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function jiggle() {
    return (Math.random() - 0.5) * 1e-6;
  }

  function x$1(d) {
    return d.x + d.vx;
  }

  function y$1(d) {
    return d.y + d.vy;
  }

  function collide(radius) {
    var nodes,
        radii,
        strength = 1,
        iterations = 1;

    if (typeof radius !== "function") radius = constant$6(radius == null ? 1 : +radius);

    function force() {
      var i, n = nodes.length,
          tree,
          node,
          xi,
          yi,
          ri,
          ri2;

      for (var k = 0; k < iterations; ++k) {
        tree = quadtree(nodes, x$1, y$1).visitAfter(prepare);
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
          node = nodes[i];
          ri = radii[i], ri2 = ri * ri;
          xi = node.x + node.vx;
          yi = node.y + node.vy;
          tree.visit(apply);
        }
      }

      function apply(quad, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
        var data = quad.data, rj = quad.r, r = ri + rj;
        if (data) {
          if (data.index > i) {
            var x = xi - data.x - data.vx,
                y = yi - data.y - data.vy,
                l = x * x + y * y;
            if (l < r * r) {
              if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
              if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
              l = (r - (l = Math.sqrt(l))) / l * strength;
              node.vx += (x *= l) * (r = (rj *= rj) / (ri2 + rj));
              node.vy += (y *= l) * r;
              data.vx -= x * (r = 1 - r);
              data.vy -= y * r;
            }
          }
          return;
        }
        return x0 > xi + r || x1 < xi - r || y0 > yi + r || y1 < yi - r;
      }
    }

    function prepare(quad) {
      if (quad.data) return quad.r = radii[quad.data.index];
      for (var i = quad.r = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        if (quad[i] && quad[i].r > quad.r) {
          quad.r = quad[i].r;
        }
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      var i, n = (nodes = _).length; radii = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) radii[i] = +radius(nodes[i], i, nodes);
    };

    force.iterations = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (iterations = +_, force) : iterations;
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = +_, force) : strength;
    };

    force.radius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (radius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), force) : radius;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function index$2(d, i) {
    return i;
  }

  function link(links) {
    var id = index$2,
        strength = defaultStrength,
        strengths,
        distance = constant$6(30),
        distances,
        nodes,
        count,
        bias,
        iterations = 1;

    if (links == null) links = [];

    function defaultStrength(link) {
      return 1 / Math.min(count[link.source.index], count[link.target.index]);
    }

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var k = 0, n = links.length; k < iterations; ++k) {
        for (var i = 0, link, source, target, x, y, l, b; i < n; ++i) {
          link = links[i], source = link.source, target = link.target;
          x = target.x + target.vx - source.x - source.vx || jiggle();
          y = target.y + target.vy - source.y - source.vy || jiggle();
          l = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y);
          l = (l - distances[i]) / l * alpha * strengths[i];
          x *= l, y *= l;
          target.vx -= x * (b = bias[i]);
          target.vy -= y * b;
          source.vx += x * (b = 1 - b);
          source.vy += y * b;
        }
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      var i,
          n = nodes.length,
          m = links.length,
          nodeById = map$1(nodes, id),
          link;

      for (i = 0, count = new Array(n); i < n; ++i) {
        count[i] = 0;
      }

      for (i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        link = links[i], link.index = i;
        if (typeof link.source !== "object") link.source = nodeById.get(link.source);
        if (typeof link.target !== "object") link.target = nodeById.get(link.target);
        ++count[link.source.index], ++count[link.target.index];
      }

      for (i = 0, bias = new Array(m); i < m; ++i) {
        link = links[i], bias[i] = count[link.source.index] / (count[link.source.index] + count[link.target.index]);
      }

      strengths = new Array(m), initializeStrength();
      distances = new Array(m), initializeDistance();
    }

    function initializeStrength() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      for (var i = 0, n = links.length; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = +strength(links[i], i, links);
      }
    }

    function initializeDistance() {
      if (!nodes) return;

      for (var i = 0, n = links.length; i < n; ++i) {
        distances[i] = +distance(links[i], i, links);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.links = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (links = _, initialize(), force) : links;
    };

    force.id = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (id = _, force) : id;
    };

    force.iterations = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (iterations = +_, force) : iterations;
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initializeStrength(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.distance = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distance = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initializeDistance(), force) : distance;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function x$2(d) {
    return d.x;
  }

  function y$2(d) {
    return d.y;
  }

  var initialRadius = 10;
  var initialAngle = Math.PI * (3 - Math.sqrt(5));
  function simulation(nodes) {
    var simulation,
        alpha = 1,
        alphaMin = 0.001,
        alphaDecay = 1 - Math.pow(alphaMin, 1 / 300),
        alphaTarget = 0,
        velocityDecay = 0.6,
        forces = map$1(),
        stepper = timer(step),
        event = dispatch("tick", "end");

    if (nodes == null) nodes = [];

    function step() {
      tick();
      event.call("tick", simulation);
      if (alpha < alphaMin) {
        stepper.stop();
        event.call("end", simulation);
      }
    }

    function tick() {
      var i, n = nodes.length, node;

      alpha += (alphaTarget - alpha) * alphaDecay;

      forces.each(function(force) {
        force(alpha);
      });

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i];
        if (node.fx == null) node.x += node.vx *= velocityDecay;
        else node.x = node.fx, node.vx = 0;
        if (node.fy == null) node.y += node.vy *= velocityDecay;
        else node.y = node.fy, node.vy = 0;
      }
    }

    function initializeNodes() {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.index = i;
        if (isNaN(node.x) || isNaN(node.y)) {
          var radius = initialRadius * Math.sqrt(i), angle = i * initialAngle;
          node.x = radius * Math.cos(angle);
          node.y = radius * Math.sin(angle);
        }
        if (isNaN(node.vx) || isNaN(node.vy)) {
          node.vx = node.vy = 0;
        }
      }
    }

    function initializeForce(force) {
      if (force.initialize) force.initialize(nodes);
      return force;
    }

    initializeNodes();

    return simulation = {
      tick: tick,

      restart: function() {
        return stepper.restart(step), simulation;
      },

      stop: function() {
        return stepper.stop(), simulation;
      },

      nodes: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (nodes = _, initializeNodes(), forces.each(initializeForce), simulation) : nodes;
      },

      alpha: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alpha = +_, simulation) : alpha;
      },

      alphaMin: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaMin = +_, simulation) : alphaMin;
      },

      alphaDecay: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaDecay = +_, simulation) : +alphaDecay;
      },

      alphaTarget: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (alphaTarget = +_, simulation) : alphaTarget;
      },

      velocityDecay: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (velocityDecay = 1 - _, simulation) : 1 - velocityDecay;
      },

      force: function(name, _) {
        return arguments.length > 1 ? ((_ == null ? forces.remove(name) : forces.set(name, initializeForce(_))), simulation) : forces.get(name);
      },

      find: function(x, y, radius) {
        var i = 0,
            n = nodes.length,
            dx,
            dy,
            d2,
            node,
            closest;

        if (radius == null) radius = Infinity;
        else radius *= radius;

        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
          node = nodes[i];
          dx = x - node.x;
          dy = y - node.y;
          d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
          if (d2 < radius) closest = node, radius = d2;
        }

        return closest;
      },

      on: function(name, _) {
        return arguments.length > 1 ? (event.on(name, _), simulation) : event.on(name);
      }
    };
  }

  function manyBody() {
    var nodes,
        node,
        alpha,
        strength = constant$6(-30),
        strengths,
        distanceMin2 = 1,
        distanceMax2 = Infinity,
        theta2 = 0.81;

    function force(_) {
      var i, n = nodes.length, tree = quadtree(nodes, x$2, y$2).visitAfter(accumulate);
      for (alpha = _, i = 0; i < n; ++i) node = nodes[i], tree.visit(apply);
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) strengths[i] = +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
    }

    function accumulate(quad) {
      var strength = 0, q, c, x, y, i;

      // For internal nodes, accumulate forces from child quadrants.
      if (quad.length) {
        for (x = y = i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
          if ((q = quad[i]) && (c = q.value)) {
            strength += c, x += c * q.x, y += c * q.y;
          }
        }
        quad.x = x / strength;
        quad.y = y / strength;
      }

      // For leaf nodes, accumulate forces from coincident quadrants.
      else {
        q = quad;
        q.x = q.data.x;
        q.y = q.data.y;
        do strength += strengths[q.data.index];
        while (q = q.next);
      }

      quad.value = strength;
    }

    function apply(quad, x1, _, x2) {
      if (!quad.value) return true;

      var x = quad.x - node.x,
          y = quad.y - node.y,
          w = x2 - x1,
          l = x * x + y * y;

      // Apply the Barnes-Hut approximation if possible.
      // Limit forces for very close nodes; randomize direction if coincident.
      if (w * w / theta2 < l) {
        if (l < distanceMax2) {
          if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
          if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
          if (l < distanceMin2) l = Math.sqrt(distanceMin2 * l);
          node.vx += x * quad.value * alpha / l;
          node.vy += y * quad.value * alpha / l;
        }
        return true;
      }

      // Otherwise, process points directly.
      else if (quad.length || l >= distanceMax2) return;

      // Limit forces for very close nodes; randomize direction if coincident.
      if (quad.data !== node || quad.next) {
        if (x === 0) x = jiggle(), l += x * x;
        if (y === 0) y = jiggle(), l += y * y;
        if (l < distanceMin2) l = Math.sqrt(distanceMin2 * l);
      }

      do if (quad.data !== node) {
        w = strengths[quad.data.index] * alpha / l;
        node.vx += x * w;
        node.vy += y * w;
      } while (quad = quad.next);
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.distanceMin = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distanceMin2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(distanceMin2);
    };

    force.distanceMax = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (distanceMax2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(distanceMax2);
    };

    force.theta = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (theta2 = _ * _, force) : Math.sqrt(theta2);
    };

    return force;
  }

  function x$3(x) {
    var strength = constant$6(0.1),
        nodes,
        strengths,
        xz;

    if (typeof x !== "function") x = constant$6(x == null ? 0 : +x);

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.vx += (xz[i] - node.x) * strengths[i] * alpha;
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      xz = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = isNaN(xz[i] = +x(nodes[i], i, nodes)) ? 0 : +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initialize(), force) : x;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function y$3(y) {
    var strength = constant$6(0.1),
        nodes,
        strengths,
        yz;

    if (typeof y !== "function") y = constant$6(y == null ? 0 : +y);

    function force(alpha) {
      for (var i = 0, n = nodes.length, node; i < n; ++i) {
        node = nodes[i], node.vy += (yz[i] - node.y) * strengths[i] * alpha;
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      if (!nodes) return;
      var i, n = nodes.length;
      strengths = new Array(n);
      yz = new Array(n);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        strengths[i] = isNaN(yz[i] = +y(nodes[i], i, nodes)) ? 0 : +strength(nodes[i], i, nodes);
      }
    }

    force.initialize = function(_) {
      nodes = _;
      initialize();
    };

    force.strength = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (strength = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initialize(), force) : strength;
    };

    force.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$6(+_), initialize(), force) : y;
    };

    return force;
  }

  function nopropagation() {
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  function noevent() {
    exports.event.preventDefault();
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  function dragDisable(view) {
    var root = view.document.documentElement,
        selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", noevent, true);
    if ("onselectstart" in root) {
      selection.on("selectstart.drag", noevent, true);
    } else {
      root.__noselect = root.style.MozUserSelect;
      root.style.MozUserSelect = "none";
    }
  }

  function dragEnable(view, noclick) {
    var root = view.document.documentElement,
        selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", null);
    if (noclick) {
      selection.on("click.drag", noevent, true);
      setTimeout(function() { selection.on("click.drag", null); }, 0);
    }
    if ("onselectstart" in root) {
      selection.on("selectstart.drag", null);
    } else {
      root.style.MozUserSelect = root.__noselect;
      delete root.__noselect;
    }
  }

  function constant$7(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function DragEvent(target, type, subject, id, active, x, y, dx, dy, dispatch) {
    this.target = target;
    this.type = type;
    this.subject = subject;
    this.identifier = id;
    this.active = active;
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.dx = dx;
    this.dy = dy;
    this._ = dispatch;
  }

  DragEvent.prototype.on = function() {
    var value = this._.on.apply(this._, arguments);
    return value === this._ ? this : value;
  };

  // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
  function defaultFilter() {
    return !exports.event.button;
  }

  function defaultContainer() {
    return this.parentNode;
  }

  function defaultSubject(d) {
    return d == null ? {x: exports.event.x, y: exports.event.y} : d;
  }

  function drag() {
    var filter = defaultFilter,
        container = defaultContainer,
        subject = defaultSubject,
        gestures = {},
        listeners = dispatch("start", "drag", "end"),
        active = 0,
        mousemoving,
        touchending;

    function drag(selection) {
      selection
          .on("mousedown.drag", mousedowned)
          .on("touchstart.drag", touchstarted)
          .on("touchmove.drag", touchmoved)
          .on("touchend.drag touchcancel.drag", touchended)
          .style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
    }

    function mousedowned() {
      if (touchending || !filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var gesture = beforestart("mouse", container.apply(this, arguments), mouse, this, arguments);
      if (!gesture) return;
      select(exports.event.view).on("mousemove.drag", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.drag", mouseupped, true);
      dragDisable(exports.event.view);
      nopropagation();
      mousemoving = false;
      gesture("start");
    }

    function mousemoved() {
      noevent();
      mousemoving = true;
      gestures.mouse("drag");
    }

    function mouseupped() {
      select(exports.event.view).on("mousemove.drag mouseup.drag", null);
      dragEnable(exports.event.view, mousemoving);
      noevent();
      gestures.mouse("end");
    }

    function touchstarted() {
      if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          c = container.apply(this, arguments),
          n = touches.length, i, gesture;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (gesture = beforestart(touches[i].identifier, c, touch, this, arguments)) {
          nopropagation();
          gesture("start");
        }
      }
    }

    function touchmoved() {
      var touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          n = touches.length, i, gesture;

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
          noevent();
          gesture("drag");
        }
      }
    }

    function touchended() {
      var touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          n = touches.length, i, gesture;

      if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
      touchending = setTimeout(function() { touchending = null; }, 500); // Ghost clicks are delayed!
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (gesture = gestures[touches[i].identifier]) {
          nopropagation();
          gesture("end");
        }
      }
    }

    function beforestart(id, container, point, that, args) {
      var p = point(container, id), s, dx, dy,
          sublisteners = listeners.copy();

      if (!customEvent(new DragEvent(drag, "beforestart", s, id, active, p[0], p[1], 0, 0, sublisteners), function() {
        if ((exports.event.subject = s = subject.apply(that, args)) == null) return false;
        dx = s.x - p[0] || 0;
        dy = s.y - p[1] || 0;
        return true;
      })) return;

      return function gesture(type) {
        var p0 = p, n;
        switch (type) {
          case "start": gestures[id] = gesture, n = active++; break;
          case "end": delete gestures[id], --active; // nobreak
          case "drag": p = point(container, id), n = active; break;
        }
        customEvent(new DragEvent(drag, type, s, id, n, p[0] + dx, p[1] + dy, p[0] - p0[0], p[1] - p0[1], sublisteners), sublisteners.apply, sublisteners, [type, that, args]);
      };
    }

    drag.filter = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$7(!!_), drag) : filter;
    };

    drag.container = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (container = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$7(_), drag) : container;
    };

    drag.subject = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (subject = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$7(_), drag) : subject;
    };

    drag.on = function() {
      var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
      return value === listeners ? drag : value;
    };

    return drag;
  }

  function constant$8(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function x$4(d) {
    return d[0];
  }

  function y$4(d) {
    return d[1];
  }

  function RedBlackTree() {
    this._ = null; // root node
  }

  function RedBlackNode(node) {
    node.U = // parent node
    node.C = // color - true for red, false for black
    node.L = // left node
    node.R = // right node
    node.P = // previous node
    node.N = null; // next node
  }

  RedBlackTree.prototype = {
    constructor: RedBlackTree,

    insert: function(after, node) {
      var parent, grandpa, uncle;

      if (after) {
        node.P = after;
        node.N = after.N;
        if (after.N) after.N.P = node;
        after.N = node;
        if (after.R) {
          after = after.R;
          while (after.L) after = after.L;
          after.L = node;
        } else {
          after.R = node;
        }
        parent = after;
      } else if (this._) {
        after = RedBlackFirst(this._);
        node.P = null;
        node.N = after;
        after.P = after.L = node;
        parent = after;
      } else {
        node.P = node.N = null;
        this._ = node;
        parent = null;
      }
      node.L = node.R = null;
      node.U = parent;
      node.C = true;

      after = node;
      while (parent && parent.C) {
        grandpa = parent.U;
        if (parent === grandpa.L) {
          uncle = grandpa.R;
          if (uncle && uncle.C) {
            parent.C = uncle.C = false;
            grandpa.C = true;
            after = grandpa;
          } else {
            if (after === parent.R) {
              RedBlackRotateLeft(this, parent);
              after = parent;
              parent = after.U;
            }
            parent.C = false;
            grandpa.C = true;
            RedBlackRotateRight(this, grandpa);
          }
        } else {
          uncle = grandpa.L;
          if (uncle && uncle.C) {
            parent.C = uncle.C = false;
            grandpa.C = true;
            after = grandpa;
          } else {
            if (after === parent.L) {
              RedBlackRotateRight(this, parent);
              after = parent;
              parent = after.U;
            }
            parent.C = false;
            grandpa.C = true;
            RedBlackRotateLeft(this, grandpa);
          }
        }
        parent = after.U;
      }
      this._.C = false;
    },

    remove: function(node) {
      if (node.N) node.N.P = node.P;
      if (node.P) node.P.N = node.N;
      node.N = node.P = null;

      var parent = node.U,
          sibling,
          left = node.L,
          right = node.R,
          next,
          red;

      if (!left) next = right;
      else if (!right) next = left;
      else next = RedBlackFirst(right);

      if (parent) {
        if (parent.L === node) parent.L = next;
        else parent.R = next;
      } else {
        this._ = next;
      }

      if (left && right) {
        red = next.C;
        next.C = node.C;
        next.L = left;
        left.U = next;
        if (next !== right) {
          parent = next.U;
          next.U = node.U;
          node = next.R;
          parent.L = node;
          next.R = right;
          right.U = next;
        } else {
          next.U = parent;
          parent = next;
          node = next.R;
        }
      } else {
        red = node.C;
        node = next;
      }

      if (node) node.U = parent;
      if (red) return;
      if (node && node.C) { node.C = false; return; }

      do {
        if (node === this._) break;
        if (node === parent.L) {
          sibling = parent.R;
          if (sibling.C) {
            sibling.C = false;
            parent.C = true;
            RedBlackRotateLeft(this, parent);
            sibling = parent.R;
          }
          if ((sibling.L && sibling.L.C)
              || (sibling.R && sibling.R.C)) {
            if (!sibling.R || !sibling.R.C) {
              sibling.L.C = false;
              sibling.C = true;
              RedBlackRotateRight(this, sibling);
              sibling = parent.R;
            }
            sibling.C = parent.C;
            parent.C = sibling.R.C = false;
            RedBlackRotateLeft(this, parent);
            node = this._;
            break;
          }
        } else {
          sibling = parent.L;
          if (sibling.C) {
            sibling.C = false;
            parent.C = true;
            RedBlackRotateRight(this, parent);
            sibling = parent.L;
          }
          if ((sibling.L && sibling.L.C)
            || (sibling.R && sibling.R.C)) {
            if (!sibling.L || !sibling.L.C) {
              sibling.R.C = false;
              sibling.C = true;
              RedBlackRotateLeft(this, sibling);
              sibling = parent.L;
            }
            sibling.C = parent.C;
            parent.C = sibling.L.C = false;
            RedBlackRotateRight(this, parent);
            node = this._;
            break;
          }
        }
        sibling.C = true;
        node = parent;
        parent = parent.U;
      } while (!node.C);

      if (node) node.C = false;
    }
  };

  function RedBlackRotateLeft(tree, node) {
    var p = node,
        q = node.R,
        parent = p.U;

    if (parent) {
      if (parent.L === p) parent.L = q;
      else parent.R = q;
    } else {
      tree._ = q;
    }

    q.U = parent;
    p.U = q;
    p.R = q.L;
    if (p.R) p.R.U = p;
    q.L = p;
  }

  function RedBlackRotateRight(tree, node) {
    var p = node,
        q = node.L,
        parent = p.U;

    if (parent) {
      if (parent.L === p) parent.L = q;
      else parent.R = q;
    } else {
      tree._ = q;
    }

    q.U = parent;
    p.U = q;
    p.L = q.R;
    if (p.L) p.L.U = p;
    q.R = p;
  }

  function RedBlackFirst(node) {
    while (node.L) node = node.L;
    return node;
  }

  function createEdge(left, right, v0, v1) {
    var edge = [null, null],
        index = edges.push(edge) - 1;
    edge.left = left;
    edge.right = right;
    if (v0) setEdgeEnd(edge, left, right, v0);
    if (v1) setEdgeEnd(edge, right, left, v1);
    cells[left.index].halfedges.push(index);
    cells[right.index].halfedges.push(index);
    return edge;
  }

  function createBorderEdge(left, v0, v1) {
    var edge = [v0, v1];
    edge.left = left;
    return edge;
  }

  function setEdgeEnd(edge, left, right, vertex) {
    if (!edge[0] && !edge[1]) {
      edge[0] = vertex;
      edge.left = left;
      edge.right = right;
    } else if (edge.left === right) {
      edge[1] = vertex;
    } else {
      edge[0] = vertex;
    }
  }

  // Liang–Barsky line clipping.
  function clipEdge(edge, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var a = edge[0],
        b = edge[1],
        ax = a[0],
        ay = a[1],
        bx = b[0],
        by = b[1],
        t0 = 0,
        t1 = 1,
        dx = bx - ax,
        dy = by - ay,
        r;

    r = x0 - ax;
    if (!dx && r > 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = x1 - ax;
    if (!dx && r < 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    r = y0 - ay;
    if (!dy && r > 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = y1 - ay;
    if (!dy && r < 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    if (!(t0 > 0) && !(t1 < 1)) return true; // TODO Better check?

    if (t0 > 0) edge[0] = [ax + t0 * dx, ay + t0 * dy];
    if (t1 < 1) edge[1] = [ax + t1 * dx, ay + t1 * dy];
    return true;
  }

  function connectEdge(edge, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var v1 = edge[1];
    if (v1) return true;

    var v0 = edge[0],
        left = edge.left,
        right = edge.right,
        lx = left[0],
        ly = left[1],
        rx = right[0],
        ry = right[1],
        fx = (lx + rx) / 2,
        fy = (ly + ry) / 2,
        fm,
        fb;

    if (ry === ly) {
      if (fx < x0 || fx >= x1) return;
      if (lx > rx) {
        if (!v0) v0 = [fx, y0];
        else if (v0[1] >= y1) return;
        v1 = [fx, y1];
      } else {
        if (!v0) v0 = [fx, y1];
        else if (v0[1] < y0) return;
        v1 = [fx, y0];
      }
    } else {
      fm = (lx - rx) / (ry - ly);
      fb = fy - fm * fx;
      if (fm < -1 || fm > 1) {
        if (lx > rx) {
          if (!v0) v0 = [(y0 - fb) / fm, y0];
          else if (v0[1] >= y1) return;
          v1 = [(y1 - fb) / fm, y1];
        } else {
          if (!v0) v0 = [(y1 - fb) / fm, y1];
          else if (v0[1] < y0) return;
          v1 = [(y0 - fb) / fm, y0];
        }
      } else {
        if (ly < ry) {
          if (!v0) v0 = [x0, fm * x0 + fb];
          else if (v0[0] >= x1) return;
          v1 = [x1, fm * x1 + fb];
        } else {
          if (!v0) v0 = [x1, fm * x1 + fb];
          else if (v0[0] < x0) return;
          v1 = [x0, fm * x0 + fb];
        }
      }
    }

    edge[0] = v0;
    edge[1] = v1;
    return true;
  }

  function clipEdges(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var i = edges.length,
        edge;

    while (i--) {
      if (!connectEdge(edge = edges[i], x0, y0, x1, y1)
          || !clipEdge(edge, x0, y0, x1, y1)
          || !(Math.abs(edge[0][0] - edge[1][0]) > epsilon$3
              || Math.abs(edge[0][1] - edge[1][1]) > epsilon$3)) {
        delete edges[i];
      }
    }
  }

  function createCell(site) {
    return cells[site.index] = {
      site: site,
      halfedges: []
    };
  }

  function cellHalfedgeAngle(cell, edge) {
    var site = cell.site,
        va = edge.left,
        vb = edge.right;
    if (site === vb) vb = va, va = site;
    if (vb) return Math.atan2(vb[1] - va[1], vb[0] - va[0]);
    if (site === va) va = edge[1], vb = edge[0];
    else va = edge[0], vb = edge[1];
    return Math.atan2(va[0] - vb[0], vb[1] - va[1]);
  }

  function cellHalfedgeStart(cell, edge) {
    return edge[+(edge.left !== cell.site)];
  }

  function cellHalfedgeEnd(cell, edge) {
    return edge[+(edge.left === cell.site)];
  }

  function sortCellHalfedges() {
    for (var i = 0, n = cells.length, cell, halfedges, j, m; i < n; ++i) {
      if ((cell = cells[i]) && (m = (halfedges = cell.halfedges).length)) {
        var index = new Array(m),
            array = new Array(m);
        for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) index[j] = j, array[j] = cellHalfedgeAngle(cell, edges[halfedges[j]]);
        index.sort(function(i, j) { return array[j] - array[i]; });
        for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) array[j] = halfedges[index[j]];
        for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) halfedges[j] = array[j];
      }
    }
  }

  function clipCells(x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var nCells = cells.length,
        iCell,
        cell,
        site,
        iHalfedge,
        halfedges,
        nHalfedges,
        start,
        startX,
        startY,
        end,
        endX,
        endY,
        cover = true;

    for (iCell = 0; iCell < nCells; ++iCell) {
      if (cell = cells[iCell]) {
        site = cell.site;
        halfedges = cell.halfedges;
        iHalfedge = halfedges.length;

        // Remove any dangling clipped edges.
        while (iHalfedge--) {
          if (!edges[halfedges[iHalfedge]]) {
            halfedges.splice(iHalfedge, 1);
          }
        }

        // Insert any border edges as necessary.
        iHalfedge = 0, nHalfedges = halfedges.length;
        while (iHalfedge < nHalfedges) {
          end = cellHalfedgeEnd(cell, edges[halfedges[iHalfedge]]), endX = end[0], endY = end[1];
          start = cellHalfedgeStart(cell, edges[halfedges[++iHalfedge % nHalfedges]]), startX = start[0], startY = start[1];
          if (Math.abs(endX - startX) > epsilon$3 || Math.abs(endY - startY) > epsilon$3) {
            halfedges.splice(iHalfedge, 0, edges.push(createBorderEdge(site, end,
                Math.abs(endX - x0) < epsilon$3 && y1 - endY > epsilon$3 ? [x0, Math.abs(startX - x0) < epsilon$3 ? startY : y1]
                : Math.abs(endY - y1) < epsilon$3 && x1 - endX > epsilon$3 ? [Math.abs(startY - y1) < epsilon$3 ? startX : x1, y1]
                : Math.abs(endX - x1) < epsilon$3 && endY - y0 > epsilon$3 ? [x1, Math.abs(startX - x1) < epsilon$3 ? startY : y0]
                : Math.abs(endY - y0) < epsilon$3 && endX - x0 > epsilon$3 ? [Math.abs(startY - y0) < epsilon$3 ? startX : x0, y0]
                : null)) - 1);
            ++nHalfedges;
          }
        }

        if (nHalfedges) cover = false;
      }
    }

    // If there weren’t any edges, have the closest site cover the extent.
    // It doesn’t matter which corner of the extent we measure!
    if (cover) {
      var dx, dy, d2, dc = Infinity;

      for (iCell = 0, cover = null; iCell < nCells; ++iCell) {
        if (cell = cells[iCell]) {
          site = cell.site;
          dx = site[0] - x0;
          dy = site[1] - y0;
          d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
          if (d2 < dc) dc = d2, cover = cell;
        }
      }

      if (cover) {
        var v00 = [x0, y0], v01 = [x0, y1], v11 = [x1, y1], v10 = [x1, y0];
        cover.halfedges.push(
          edges.push(createBorderEdge(site = cover.site, v00, v01)) - 1,
          edges.push(createBorderEdge(site, v01, v11)) - 1,
          edges.push(createBorderEdge(site, v11, v10)) - 1,
          edges.push(createBorderEdge(site, v10, v00)) - 1
        );
      }
    }

    // Lastly delete any cells with no edges; these were entirely clipped.
    for (iCell = 0; iCell < nCells; ++iCell) {
      if (cell = cells[iCell]) {
        if (!cell.halfedges.length) {
          delete cells[iCell];
        }
      }
    }
  }

  var circlePool = [];

  var firstCircle;

  function Circle() {
    RedBlackNode(this);
    this.x =
    this.y =
    this.arc =
    this.site =
    this.cy = null;
  }

  function attachCircle(arc) {
    var lArc = arc.P,
        rArc = arc.N;

    if (!lArc || !rArc) return;

    var lSite = lArc.site,
        cSite = arc.site,
        rSite = rArc.site;

    if (lSite === rSite) return;

    var bx = cSite[0],
        by = cSite[1],
        ax = lSite[0] - bx,
        ay = lSite[1] - by,
        cx = rSite[0] - bx,
        cy = rSite[1] - by;

    var d = 2 * (ax * cy - ay * cx);
    if (d >= -epsilon2$1) return;

    var ha = ax * ax + ay * ay,
        hc = cx * cx + cy * cy,
        x = (cy * ha - ay * hc) / d,
        y = (ax * hc - cx * ha) / d;

    var circle = circlePool.pop() || new Circle;
    circle.arc = arc;
    circle.site = cSite;
    circle.x = x + bx;
    circle.y = (circle.cy = y + by) + Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y); // y bottom

    arc.circle = circle;

    var before = null,
        node = circles._;

    while (node) {
      if (circle.y < node.y || (circle.y === node.y && circle.x <= node.x)) {
        if (node.L) node = node.L;
        else { before = node.P; break; }
      } else {
        if (node.R) node = node.R;
        else { before = node; break; }
      }
    }

    circles.insert(before, circle);
    if (!before) firstCircle = circle;
  }

  function detachCircle(arc) {
    var circle = arc.circle;
    if (circle) {
      if (!circle.P) firstCircle = circle.N;
      circles.remove(circle);
      circlePool.push(circle);
      RedBlackNode(circle);
      arc.circle = null;
    }
  }

  var beachPool = [];

  function Beach() {
    RedBlackNode(this);
    this.edge =
    this.site =
    this.circle = null;
  }

  function createBeach(site) {
    var beach = beachPool.pop() || new Beach;
    beach.site = site;
    return beach;
  }

  function detachBeach(beach) {
    detachCircle(beach);
    beaches.remove(beach);
    beachPool.push(beach);
    RedBlackNode(beach);
  }

  function removeBeach(beach) {
    var circle = beach.circle,
        x = circle.x,
        y = circle.cy,
        vertex = [x, y],
        previous = beach.P,
        next = beach.N,
        disappearing = [beach];

    detachBeach(beach);

    var lArc = previous;
    while (lArc.circle
        && Math.abs(x - lArc.circle.x) < epsilon$3
        && Math.abs(y - lArc.circle.cy) < epsilon$3) {
      previous = lArc.P;
      disappearing.unshift(lArc);
      detachBeach(lArc);
      lArc = previous;
    }

    disappearing.unshift(lArc);
    detachCircle(lArc);

    var rArc = next;
    while (rArc.circle
        && Math.abs(x - rArc.circle.x) < epsilon$3
        && Math.abs(y - rArc.circle.cy) < epsilon$3) {
      next = rArc.N;
      disappearing.push(rArc);
      detachBeach(rArc);
      rArc = next;
    }

    disappearing.push(rArc);
    detachCircle(rArc);

    var nArcs = disappearing.length,
        iArc;
    for (iArc = 1; iArc < nArcs; ++iArc) {
      rArc = disappearing[iArc];
      lArc = disappearing[iArc - 1];
      setEdgeEnd(rArc.edge, lArc.site, rArc.site, vertex);
    }

    lArc = disappearing[0];
    rArc = disappearing[nArcs - 1];
    rArc.edge = createEdge(lArc.site, rArc.site, null, vertex);

    attachCircle(lArc);
    attachCircle(rArc);
  }

  function addBeach(site) {
    var x = site[0],
        directrix = site[1],
        lArc,
        rArc,
        dxl,
        dxr,
        node = beaches._;

    while (node) {
      dxl = leftBreakPoint(node, directrix) - x;
      if (dxl > epsilon$3) node = node.L; else {
        dxr = x - rightBreakPoint(node, directrix);
        if (dxr > epsilon$3) {
          if (!node.R) {
            lArc = node;
            break;
          }
          node = node.R;
        } else {
          if (dxl > -epsilon$3) {
            lArc = node.P;
            rArc = node;
          } else if (dxr > -epsilon$3) {
            lArc = node;
            rArc = node.N;
          } else {
            lArc = rArc = node;
          }
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    createCell(site);
    var newArc = createBeach(site);
    beaches.insert(lArc, newArc);

    if (!lArc && !rArc) return;

    if (lArc === rArc) {
      detachCircle(lArc);
      rArc = createBeach(lArc.site);
      beaches.insert(newArc, rArc);
      newArc.edge = rArc.edge = createEdge(lArc.site, newArc.site);
      attachCircle(lArc);
      attachCircle(rArc);
      return;
    }

    if (!rArc) { // && lArc
      newArc.edge = createEdge(lArc.site, newArc.site);
      return;
    }

    // else lArc !== rArc
    detachCircle(lArc);
    detachCircle(rArc);

    var lSite = lArc.site,
        ax = lSite[0],
        ay = lSite[1],
        bx = site[0] - ax,
        by = site[1] - ay,
        rSite = rArc.site,
        cx = rSite[0] - ax,
        cy = rSite[1] - ay,
        d = 2 * (bx * cy - by * cx),
        hb = bx * bx + by * by,
        hc = cx * cx + cy * cy,
        vertex = [(cy * hb - by * hc) / d + ax, (bx * hc - cx * hb) / d + ay];

    setEdgeEnd(rArc.edge, lSite, rSite, vertex);
    newArc.edge = createEdge(lSite, site, null, vertex);
    rArc.edge = createEdge(site, rSite, null, vertex);
    attachCircle(lArc);
    attachCircle(rArc);
  }

  function leftBreakPoint(arc, directrix) {
    var site = arc.site,
        rfocx = site[0],
        rfocy = site[1],
        pby2 = rfocy - directrix;

    if (!pby2) return rfocx;

    var lArc = arc.P;
    if (!lArc) return -Infinity;

    site = lArc.site;
    var lfocx = site[0],
        lfocy = site[1],
        plby2 = lfocy - directrix;

    if (!plby2) return lfocx;

    var hl = lfocx - rfocx,
        aby2 = 1 / pby2 - 1 / plby2,
        b = hl / plby2;

    if (aby2) return (-b + Math.sqrt(b * b - 2 * aby2 * (hl * hl / (-2 * plby2) - lfocy + plby2 / 2 + rfocy - pby2 / 2))) / aby2 + rfocx;

    return (rfocx + lfocx) / 2;
  }

  function rightBreakPoint(arc, directrix) {
    var rArc = arc.N;
    if (rArc) return leftBreakPoint(rArc, directrix);
    var site = arc.site;
    return site[1] === directrix ? site[0] : Infinity;
  }

  var epsilon$3 = 1e-6;
  var epsilon2$1 = 1e-12;
  var beaches;
  var cells;
  var circles;
  var edges;

  function triangleArea(a, b, c) {
    return (a[0] - c[0]) * (b[1] - a[1]) - (a[0] - b[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]);
  }

  function lexicographic(a, b) {
    return b[1] - a[1]
        || b[0] - a[0];
  }

  function Diagram(sites, extent) {
    var site = sites.sort(lexicographic).pop(),
        x,
        y,
        circle;

    edges = [];
    cells = new Array(sites.length);
    beaches = new RedBlackTree;
    circles = new RedBlackTree;

    while (true) {
      circle = firstCircle;
      if (site && (!circle || site[1] < circle.y || (site[1] === circle.y && site[0] < circle.x))) {
        if (site[0] !== x || site[1] !== y) {
          addBeach(site);
          x = site[0], y = site[1];
        }
        site = sites.pop();
      } else if (circle) {
        removeBeach(circle.arc);
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }

    sortCellHalfedges();

    if (extent) {
      var x0 = +extent[0][0],
          y0 = +extent[0][1],
          x1 = +extent[1][0],
          y1 = +extent[1][1];
      clipEdges(x0, y0, x1, y1);
      clipCells(x0, y0, x1, y1);
    }

    this.edges = edges;
    this.cells = cells;

    beaches =
    circles =
    edges =
    cells = null;
  }

  Diagram.prototype = {
    constructor: Diagram,

    polygons: function() {
      var edges = this.edges;

      return this.cells.map(function(cell) {
        var polygon = cell.halfedges.map(function(i) { return cellHalfedgeStart(cell, edges[i]); });
        polygon.data = cell.site.data;
        return polygon;
      });
    },

    triangles: function() {
      var triangles = [],
          edges = this.edges;

      this.cells.forEach(function(cell, i) {
        var site = cell.site,
            halfedges = cell.halfedges,
            j = -1,
            m = halfedges.length,
            s0,
            e1 = edges[halfedges[m - 1]],
            s1 = e1.left === site ? e1.right : e1.left;

        while (++j < m) {
          s0 = s1;
          e1 = edges[halfedges[j]];
          s1 = e1.left === site ? e1.right : e1.left;
          if (i < s0.index && i < s1.index && triangleArea(site, s0, s1) < 0) {
            triangles.push([site.data, s0.data, s1.data]);
          }
        }
      });

      return triangles;
    },

    links: function() {
      return this.edges.filter(function(edge) {
        return edge.right;
      }).map(function(edge) {
        return {
          source: edge.left.data,
          target: edge.right.data
        };
      });
    }
  }

  function voronoi() {
    var x = x$4,
        y = y$4,
        extent = null;

    function voronoi(data) {
      return new Diagram(data.map(function(d, i) {
        var s = [Math.round(x(d, i, data) / epsilon$3) * epsilon$3, Math.round(y(d, i, data) / epsilon$3) * epsilon$3];
        s.index = i;
        s.data = d;
        return s;
      }), extent);
    }

    voronoi.polygons = function(data) {
      return voronoi(data).polygons();
    };

    voronoi.links = function(data) {
      return voronoi(data).links();
    };

    voronoi.triangles = function(data) {
      return voronoi(data).triangles();
    };

    voronoi.x = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$8(+_), voronoi) : x;
    };

    voronoi.y = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (y = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$8(+_), voronoi) : y;
    };

    voronoi.extent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (extent = _ == null ? null : [[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]], voronoi) : extent && [[extent[0][0], extent[0][1]], [extent[1][0], extent[1][1]]];
    };

    voronoi.size = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (extent = _ == null ? null : [[0, 0], [+_[0], +_[1]]], voronoi) : extent && [extent[1][0] - extent[0][0], extent[1][1] - extent[0][1]];
    };

    return voronoi;
  }

  function constant$9(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function ZoomEvent(target, type, transform) {
    this.target = target;
    this.type = type;
    this.transform = transform;
  }

  function Transform(k, x, y) {
    this.k = k;
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  Transform.prototype = {
    constructor: Transform,
    scale: function(k) {
      return k === 1 ? this : new Transform(this.k * k, this.x, this.y);
    },
    translate: function(x, y) {
      return x === 0 & y === 0 ? this : new Transform(this.k, this.x + this.k * x, this.y + this.k * y);
    },
    apply: function(point) {
      return [point[0] * this.k + this.x, point[1] * this.k + this.y];
    },
    applyX: function(x) {
      return x * this.k + this.x;
    },
    applyY: function(y) {
      return y * this.k + this.y;
    },
    invert: function(location) {
      return [(location[0] - this.x) / this.k, (location[1] - this.y) / this.k];
    },
    invertX: function(x) {
      return (x - this.x) / this.k;
    },
    invertY: function(y) {
      return (y - this.y) / this.k;
    },
    rescaleX: function(x) {
      return x.copy().domain(x.range().map(this.invertX, this).map(x.invert, x));
    },
    rescaleY: function(y) {
      return y.copy().domain(y.range().map(this.invertY, this).map(y.invert, y));
    },
    toString: function() {
      return "translate(" + this.x + "," + this.y + ") scale(" + this.k + ")";
    }
  };

  var identity$6 = new Transform(1, 0, 0);

  transform.prototype = Transform.prototype;

  function transform(node) {
    return node.__zoom || identity$6;
  }

  function nopropagation$1() {
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  function noevent$1() {
    exports.event.preventDefault();
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
  function defaultFilter$1() {
    return !exports.event.button;
  }

  function defaultExtent() {
    var e = this, w, h;
    if (e instanceof SVGElement) {
      e = e.ownerSVGElement || e;
      w = e.width.baseVal.value;
      h = e.height.baseVal.value;
    } else {
      w = e.clientWidth;
      h = e.clientHeight;
    }
    return [[0, 0], [w, h]];
  }

  function defaultTransform() {
    return this.__zoom || identity$6;
  }

  function zoom() {
    var filter = defaultFilter$1,
        extent = defaultExtent,
        k0 = 0,
        k1 = Infinity,
        x0 = -k1,
        x1 = k1,
        y0 = x0,
        y1 = x1,
        duration = 250,
        gestures = [],
        listeners = dispatch("start", "zoom", "end"),
        touchstarting,
        touchending,
        touchDelay = 500,
        wheelDelay = 150;

    function zoom(selection) {
      selection
          .on("wheel.zoom", wheeled)
          .on("mousedown.zoom", mousedowned)
          .on("dblclick.zoom", dblclicked)
          .on("touchstart.zoom", touchstarted)
          .on("touchmove.zoom", touchmoved)
          .on("touchend.zoom touchcancel.zoom", touchended)
          .style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)")
          .property("__zoom", defaultTransform);
    }

    zoom.transform = function(collection, transform) {
      var selection = collection.selection ? collection.selection() : collection;
      selection.property("__zoom", defaultTransform);
      if (collection !== selection) {
        schedule(collection, transform);
      } else {
        selection.interrupt().each(function() {
          gesture(this, arguments)
              .start()
              .zoom(null, typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(this, arguments) : transform)
              .end();
        });
      }
    };

    zoom.scaleBy = function(selection, k) {
      zoom.scaleTo(selection, function() {
        var k0 = this.__zoom.k,
            k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
        return k0 * k1;
      });
    };

    zoom.scaleTo = function(selection, k) {
      zoom.transform(selection, function() {
        var e = extent.apply(this, arguments),
            t0 = this.__zoom,
            p0 = centroid(e),
            p1 = t0.invert(p0),
            k1 = typeof k === "function" ? k.apply(this, arguments) : k;
        return constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), e);
      });
    };

    zoom.translateBy = function(selection, x, y) {
      zoom.transform(selection, function() {
        return constrain(this.__zoom.translate(
          typeof x === "function" ? x.apply(this, arguments) : x,
          typeof y === "function" ? y.apply(this, arguments) : y
        ), extent.apply(this, arguments));
      });
    };

    function scale(transform, k) {
      k = Math.max(k0, Math.min(k1, k));
      return k === transform.k ? transform : new Transform(k, transform.x, transform.y);
    }

    function translate(transform, p0, p1) {
      var x = p0[0] - p1[0] * transform.k, y = p0[1] - p1[1] * transform.k;
      return x === transform.x && y === transform.y ? transform : new Transform(transform.k, x, y);
    }

    function constrain(transform, extent) {
      var dx = Math.min(0, transform.invertX(extent[0][0]) - x0) || Math.max(0, transform.invertX(extent[1][0]) - x1),
          dy = Math.min(0, transform.invertY(extent[0][1]) - y0) || Math.max(0, transform.invertY(extent[1][1]) - y1);
      return dx || dy ? transform.translate(dx, dy) : transform;
    }

    function centroid(extent) {
      return [(+extent[0][0] + +extent[1][0]) / 2, (+extent[0][1] + +extent[1][1]) / 2];
    }

    function schedule(transition, transform, center) {
      transition
          .on("start.zoom", function() { gesture(this, arguments).start(); })
          .on("interrupt.zoom end.zoom", function() { gesture(this, arguments).end(); })
          .tween("zoom", function() {
            var that = this,
                args = arguments,
                g = gesture(that, args),
                e = extent.apply(that, args),
                p = center || centroid(e),
                w = Math.max(e[1][0] - e[0][0], e[1][1] - e[0][1]),
                a = that.__zoom,
                b = typeof transform === "function" ? transform.apply(that, args) : transform,
                i = interpolateZoom(a.invert(p).concat(w / a.k), b.invert(p).concat(w / b.k));
            return function(t) {
              if (t === 1) t = b; // Avoid rounding error on end.
              else { var l = i(t), k = w / l[2]; t = new Transform(k, p[0] - l[0] * k, p[1] - l[1] * k); }
              g.zoom(null, t);
            };
          });
    }

    function gesture(that, args) {
      for (var i = 0, n = gestures.length, g; i < n; ++i) {
        if ((g = gestures[i]).that === that) {
          return g;
        }
      }
      return new Gesture(that, args);
    }

    function Gesture(that, args) {
      this.that = that;
      this.args = args;
      this.index = -1;
      this.active = 0;
      this.extent = extent.apply(that, args);
    }

    Gesture.prototype = {
      start: function() {
        if (++this.active === 1) {
          this.index = gestures.push(this) - 1;
          this.emit("start");
        }
        return this;
      },
      zoom: function(key, transform) {
        if (this.mouse && key !== "mouse") this.mouse[1] = transform.invert(this.mouse[0]);
        if (this.touch0 && key !== "touch") this.touch0[1] = transform.invert(this.touch0[0]);
        if (this.touch1 && key !== "touch") this.touch1[1] = transform.invert(this.touch1[0]);
        this.that.__zoom = transform;
        this.emit("zoom");
        return this;
      },
      end: function() {
        if (--this.active === 0) {
          gestures.splice(this.index, 1);
          this.index = -1;
          this.emit("end");
        }
        return this;
      },
      emit: function(type) {
        customEvent(new ZoomEvent(zoom, type, this.that.__zoom), listeners.apply, listeners, [type, this.that, this.args]);
      }
    };

    function wheeled() {
      if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var g = gesture(this, arguments),
          t = this.__zoom,
          k = Math.max(k0, Math.min(k1, t.k * Math.pow(2, -exports.event.deltaY * (exports.event.deltaMode ? 120 : 1) / 500))),
          p = mouse(this);

      // If the mouse is in the same location as before, reuse it.
      // If there were recent wheel events, reset the wheel idle timeout.
      if (g.wheel) {
        if (g.mouse[0][0] !== p[0] || g.mouse[0][1] !== p[1]) {
          g.mouse[1] = t.invert(g.mouse[0] = p);
        }
        clearTimeout(g.wheel);
      }

      // If this wheel event won’t trigger a transform change, ignore it.
      else if (t.k === k) return;

      // Otherwise, capture the mouse point and location at the start.
      else {
        g.mouse = [p, t.invert(p)];
        interrupt(this);
        g.start();
      }

      noevent$1();
      g.wheel = setTimeout(wheelidled, wheelDelay);
      g.zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(scale(t, k), g.mouse[0], g.mouse[1]), g.extent));

      function wheelidled() {
        g.wheel = null;
        g.end();
      }
    }

    function mousedowned() {
      if (touchending || !filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var g = gesture(this, arguments),
          v = select(exports.event.view).on("mousemove.zoom", mousemoved, true).on("mouseup.zoom", mouseupped, true),
          p = mouse(this);

      dragDisable(exports.event.view);
      nopropagation$1();
      g.mouse = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p)];
      interrupt(this);
      g.start();

      function mousemoved() {
        noevent$1();
        g.moved = true;
        g.zoom("mouse", constrain(translate(g.that.__zoom, g.mouse[0] = mouse(g.that), g.mouse[1]), g.extent));
      }

      function mouseupped() {
        v.on("mousemove.zoom mouseup.zoom", null);
        dragEnable(exports.event.view, g.moved);
        noevent$1();
        g.end();
      }
    }

    function dblclicked() {
      if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var t0 = this.__zoom,
          p0 = mouse(this),
          p1 = t0.invert(p0),
          k1 = t0.k * (exports.event.shiftKey ? 0.5 : 2),
          t1 = constrain(translate(scale(t0, k1), p0, p1), extent.apply(this, arguments));

      noevent$1();
      if (duration > 0) select(this).transition().duration(duration).call(schedule, t1, p0);
      else select(this).call(zoom.transform, t1);
    }

    function touchstarted() {
      if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;
      var g = gesture(this, arguments),
          touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          n = touches.length, i, t, p;

      nopropagation$1();
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        t = touches[i], p = touch(this, touches, t.identifier);
        p = [p, this.__zoom.invert(p), t.identifier];
        if (!g.touch0) g.touch0 = p;
        else if (!g.touch1) g.touch1 = p;
      }
      if (touchstarting) {
        touchstarting = clearTimeout(touchstarting);
        if (!g.touch1) return g.end(), dblclicked.apply(this, arguments);
      }
      if (exports.event.touches.length === n) {
        touchstarting = setTimeout(function() { touchstarting = null; }, touchDelay);
        interrupt(this);
        g.start();
      }
    }

    function touchmoved() {
      var g = gesture(this, arguments),
          touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          n = touches.length, i, t, p, l;

      noevent$1();
      if (touchstarting) touchstarting = clearTimeout(touchstarting);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        t = touches[i], p = touch(this, touches, t.identifier);
        if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) g.touch0[0] = p;
        else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) g.touch1[0] = p;
      }
      t = g.that.__zoom;
      if (g.touch1) {
        var p0 = g.touch0[0], l0 = g.touch0[1],
            p1 = g.touch1[0], l1 = g.touch1[1],
            dp = (dp = p1[0] - p0[0]) * dp + (dp = p1[1] - p0[1]) * dp,
            dl = (dl = l1[0] - l0[0]) * dl + (dl = l1[1] - l0[1]) * dl;
        t = scale(t, Math.sqrt(dp / dl));
        p = [(p0[0] + p1[0]) / 2, (p0[1] + p1[1]) / 2];
        l = [(l0[0] + l1[0]) / 2, (l0[1] + l1[1]) / 2];
      }
      else if (g.touch0) p = g.touch0[0], l = g.touch0[1];
      else return;
      g.zoom("touch", constrain(translate(t, p, l), g.extent));
    }

    function touchended() {
      var g = gesture(this, arguments),
          touches = exports.event.changedTouches,
          n = touches.length, i, t;

      nopropagation$1();
      if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
      touchending = setTimeout(function() { touchending = null; }, touchDelay);
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        t = touches[i];
        if (g.touch0 && g.touch0[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch0;
        else if (g.touch1 && g.touch1[2] === t.identifier) delete g.touch1;
      }
      if (g.touch1 && !g.touch0) g.touch0 = g.touch1, delete g.touch1;
      if (!g.touch0) g.end();
    }

    zoom.filter = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$9(!!_), zoom) : filter;
    };

    zoom.extent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (extent = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$9([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), zoom) : extent;
    };

    zoom.scaleExtent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (k0 = +_[0], k1 = +_[1], zoom) : [k0, k1];
    };

    zoom.translateExtent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x0 = +_[0][0], x1 = +_[1][0], y0 = +_[0][1], y1 = +_[1][1], zoom) : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
    };

    zoom.duration = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (duration = +_, zoom) : duration;
    };

    zoom.on = function() {
      var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
      return value === listeners ? zoom : value;
    };

    return zoom;
  }

  function constant$10(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function BrushEvent(target, type, selection) {
    this.target = target;
    this.type = type;
    this.selection = selection;
  }

  function nopropagation$2() {
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  function noevent$2() {
    exports.event.preventDefault();
    exports.event.stopImmediatePropagation();
  }

  var MODE_DRAG = {name: "drag"};
  var MODE_SPACE = {name: "space"};
  var MODE_HANDLE = {name: "handle"};
  var MODE_CENTER = {name: "center"};
  var X = {
    name: "x",
    handles: ["e", "w"].map(type$1),
    input: function(x, e) { return x && [[x[0], e[0][1]], [x[1], e[1][1]]]; },
    output: function(xy) { return xy && [xy[0][0], xy[1][0]]; }
  };

  var Y = {
    name: "y",
    handles: ["n", "s"].map(type$1),
    input: function(y, e) { return y && [[e[0][0], y[0]], [e[1][0], y[1]]]; },
    output: function(xy) { return xy && [xy[0][1], xy[1][1]]; }
  };

  var XY = {
    name: "xy",
    handles: ["n", "e", "s", "w", "nw", "ne", "se", "sw"].map(type$1),
    input: function(xy) { return xy; },
    output: function(xy) { return xy; }
  };

  var cursors = {
    overlay: "crosshair",
    selection: "move",
    n: "ns-resize",
    e: "ew-resize",
    s: "ns-resize",
    w: "ew-resize",
    nw: "nwse-resize",
    ne: "nesw-resize",
    se: "nwse-resize",
    sw: "nesw-resize"
  };

  var flipX = {
    e: "w",
    w: "e",
    nw: "ne",
    ne: "nw",
    se: "sw",
    sw: "se"
  };

  var flipY = {
    n: "s",
    s: "n",
    nw: "sw",
    ne: "se",
    se: "ne",
    sw: "nw"
  };

  var signsX = {
    overlay: +1,
    selection: +1,
    n: null,
    e: +1,
    s: null,
    w: -1,
    nw: -1,
    ne: +1,
    se: +1,
    sw: -1
  };

  var signsY = {
    overlay: +1,
    selection: +1,
    n: -1,
    e: null,
    s: +1,
    w: null,
    nw: -1,
    ne: -1,
    se: +1,
    sw: +1
  };

  function type$1(t) {
    return {type: t};
  }

  // Ignore right-click, since that should open the context menu.
  function defaultFilter$2() {
    return !exports.event.button;
  }

  function defaultExtent$1() {
    var svg = this.ownerSVGElement || this;
    return [[0, 0], [svg.width.baseVal.value, svg.height.baseVal.value]];
  }

  // Like d3.local, but with the name “__brush” rather than auto-generated.
  function local$1(node) {
    while (!node.__brush) if (!(node = node.parentNode)) return;
    return node.__brush;
  }

  function empty$1(extent) {
    return extent[0][0] === extent[1][0]
        || extent[0][1] === extent[1][1];
  }

  function brushSelection(node) {
    var state = node.__brush;
    return state ? state.dim.output(state.selection) : null;
  }

  function brushX() {
    return brush$1(X);
  }

  function brushY() {
    return brush$1(Y);
  }

  function brush() {
    return brush$1(XY);
  }

  function brush$1(dim) {
    var extent = defaultExtent$1,
        filter = defaultFilter$2,
        listeners = dispatch(brush, "start", "brush", "end"),
        handleSize = 6,
        touchending;

    function brush(group) {
      var overlay = group
          .property("__brush", initialize)
        .selectAll(".overlay")
        .data([type$1("overlay")]);

      overlay.enter().append("rect")
          .attr("class", "overlay")
          .attr("pointer-events", "all")
          .attr("cursor", cursors.overlay)
        .merge(overlay)
          .each(function() {
            var extent = local$1(this).extent;
            select(this)
                .attr("x", extent[0][0])
                .attr("y", extent[0][1])
                .attr("width", extent[1][0] - extent[0][0])
                .attr("height", extent[1][1] - extent[0][1]);
          });

      group.selectAll(".selection")
        .data([type$1("selection")])
        .enter().append("rect")
          .attr("class", "selection")
          .attr("cursor", cursors.selection)
          .attr("fill", "#777")
          .attr("fill-opacity", 0.3)
          .attr("stroke", "#fff")
          .attr("shape-rendering", "crispEdges");

      var handle = group.selectAll(".handle")
        .data(dim.handles, function(d) { return d.type; });

      handle.exit().remove();

      handle.enter().append("rect")
          .attr("class", function(d) { return "handle handle--" + d.type; })
          .attr("cursor", function(d) { return cursors[d.type]; });

      group
          .each(redraw)
          .attr("fill", "none")
          .attr("pointer-events", "all")
          .style("-webkit-tap-highlight-color", "rgba(0,0,0,0)")
          .on("mousedown.brush touchstart.brush", started);
    }

    brush.move = function(group, selection) {
      if (group.selection) {
        group
            .on("start.brush", function() { emitter(this, arguments).beforestart().start(); })
            .on("interrupt.brush end.brush", function() { emitter(this, arguments).end(); })
            .tween("brush", function() {
              var that = this,
                  state = that.__brush,
                  emit = emitter(that, arguments),
                  selection0 = state.selection,
                  selection1 = dim.input(typeof selection === "function" ? selection.apply(this, arguments) : selection, state.extent),
                  i = interpolate(selection0, selection1);

              function tween(t) {
                state.selection = t === 1 && empty$1(selection1) ? null : i(t);
                redraw.call(that);
                emit.brush();
              }

              return selection0 && selection1 ? tween : tween(1);
            });
      } else {
        group
            .each(function() {
              var that = this,
                  args = arguments,
                  state = that.__brush,
                  selection1 = dim.input(typeof selection === "function" ? selection.apply(that, args) : selection, state.extent),
                  emit = emitter(that, args).beforestart();

              interrupt(that);
              state.selection = selection1 == null || empty$1(selection1) ? null : selection1;
              redraw.call(that);
              emit.start().brush().end();
            });
      }
    };

    function redraw() {
      var group = select(this),
          selection = local$1(this).selection;

      if (selection) {
        group.selectAll(".selection")
            .style("display", null)
            .attr("x", selection[0][0])
            .attr("y", selection[0][1])
            .attr("width", selection[1][0] - selection[0][0])
            .attr("height", selection[1][1] - selection[0][1]);

        group.selectAll(".handle")
            .style("display", null)
            .attr("x", function(d) { return d.type[d.type.length - 1] === "e" ? selection[1][0] - handleSize / 2 : selection[0][0] - handleSize / 2; })
            .attr("y", function(d) { return d.type[0] === "s" ? selection[1][1] - handleSize / 2 : selection[0][1] - handleSize / 2; })
            .attr("width", function(d) { return d.type === "n" || d.type === "s" ? selection[1][0] - selection[0][0] + handleSize : handleSize; })
            .attr("height", function(d) { return d.type === "e" || d.type === "w" ? selection[1][1] - selection[0][1] + handleSize : handleSize; });
      }

      else {
        group.selectAll(".selection,.handle")
            .style("display", "none")
            .attr("x", null)
            .attr("y", null)
            .attr("width", null)
            .attr("height", null);
      }
    }

    function emitter(that, args) {
      return that.__brush.emitter || new Emitter(that, args);
    }

    function Emitter(that, args) {
      this.that = that;
      this.args = args;
      this.state = that.__brush;
      this.active = 0;
    }

    Emitter.prototype = {
      beforestart: function() {
        if (++this.active === 1) this.state.emitter = this, this.starting = true;
        return this;
      },
      start: function() {
        if (this.starting) this.starting = false, this.emit("start");
        return this;
      },
      brush: function() {
        this.emit("brush");
        return this;
      },
      end: function() {
        if (--this.active === 0) delete this.state.emitter, this.emit("end");
        return this;
      },
      emit: function(type) {
        customEvent(new BrushEvent(brush, type, dim.output(this.state.selection)), listeners.apply, listeners, [type, this.that, this.args]);
      }
    };

    function started() {
      if (exports.event.touches) { if (exports.event.changedTouches.length < exports.event.touches.length) return noevent$2(); }
      else if (touchending) return;
      if (!filter.apply(this, arguments)) return;

      var that = this,
          type = exports.event.target.__data__.type,
          mode = (exports.event.metaKey ? type = "overlay" : type) === "selection" ? MODE_DRAG : (exports.event.altKey ? MODE_CENTER : MODE_HANDLE),
          signX = dim === Y ? null : signsX[type],
          signY = dim === X ? null : signsY[type],
          state = local$1(that),
          extent = state.extent,
          selection = state.selection,
          W = extent[0][0], w0, w1,
          N = extent[0][1], n0, n1,
          E = extent[1][0], e0, e1,
          S = extent[1][1], s0, s1,
          dx,
          dy,
          moving,
          shifting = signX && signY && exports.event.shiftKey,
          lockX,
          lockY,
          point0 = mouse(that),
          point = point0,
          emit = emitter(that, arguments).beforestart();

      if (type === "overlay") {
        state.selection = selection = [
          [w0 = dim === Y ? W : point0[0], n0 = dim === X ? N : point0[1]],
          [e0 = dim === Y ? E : w0, s0 = dim === X ? S : n0]
        ];
      } else {
        w0 = selection[0][0];
        n0 = selection[0][1];
        e0 = selection[1][0];
        s0 = selection[1][1];
      }

      w1 = w0;
      n1 = n0;
      e1 = e0;
      s1 = s0;

      var group = select(that)
          .attr("pointer-events", "none");

      var overlay = group.selectAll(".overlay")
          .attr("cursor", cursors[type]);

      if (exports.event.touches) {
        group
            .on("touchmove.brush", moved, true)
            .on("touchend.brush touchcancel.brush", ended, true);
      } else {
        var view = select(exports.event.view)
            .on("keydown.brush", keydowned, true)
            .on("keyup.brush", keyupped, true)
            .on("mousemove.brush", moved, true)
            .on("mouseup.brush", ended, true);

        dragDisable(exports.event.view);
      }

      nopropagation$2();
      interrupt(that);
      redraw.call(that);
      emit.start();

      function moved() {
        var point1 = mouse(that);
        if (shifting && !lockX && !lockY) {
          if (Math.abs(point1[0] - point[0]) > Math.abs(point1[1] - point[1])) lockY = true;
          else lockX = true;
        }
        point = point1;
        moving = true;
        noevent$2();
        move();
      }

      function move() {
        var t;

        dx = point[0] - point0[0];
        dy = point[1] - point0[1];

        switch (mode) {
          case MODE_SPACE:
          case MODE_DRAG: {
            if (signX) dx = Math.max(W - w0, Math.min(E - e0, dx)), w1 = w0 + dx, e1 = e0 + dx;
            if (signY) dy = Math.max(N - n0, Math.min(S - s0, dy)), n1 = n0 + dy, s1 = s0 + dy;
            break;
          }
          case MODE_HANDLE: {
            if (signX < 0) dx = Math.max(W - w0, Math.min(E - w0, dx)), w1 = w0 + dx, e1 = e0;
            else if (signX > 0) dx = Math.max(W - e0, Math.min(E - e0, dx)), w1 = w0, e1 = e0 + dx;
            if (signY < 0) dy = Math.max(N - n0, Math.min(S - n0, dy)), n1 = n0 + dy, s1 = s0;
            else if (signY > 0) dy = Math.max(N - s0, Math.min(S - s0, dy)), n1 = n0, s1 = s0 + dy;
            break;
          }
          case MODE_CENTER: {
            if (signX) w1 = Math.max(W, Math.min(E, w0 - dx * signX)), e1 = Math.max(W, Math.min(E, e0 + dx * signX));
            if (signY) n1 = Math.max(N, Math.min(S, n0 - dy * signY)), s1 = Math.max(N, Math.min(S, s0 + dy * signY));
            break;
          }
        }

        if (e1 < w1) {
          signX *= -1;
          t = w0, w0 = e0, e0 = t;
          t = w1, w1 = e1, e1 = t;
          if (type in flipX) overlay.attr("cursor", cursors[type = flipX[type]]);
        }

        if (s1 < n1) {
          signY *= -1;
          t = n0, n0 = s0, s0 = t;
          t = n1, n1 = s1, s1 = t;
          if (type in flipY) overlay.attr("cursor", cursors[type = flipY[type]]);
        }

        selection = state.selection; // May be set by brush.move!

        if (lockX) w1 = selection[0][0], e1 = selection[1][0];
        if (lockY) n1 = selection[0][1], s1 = selection[1][1];

        if (selection[0][0] !== w1
            || selection[0][1] !== n1
            || selection[1][0] !== e1
            || selection[1][1] !== s1) {
          state.selection = [[w1, n1], [e1, s1]];
          redraw.call(that);
          emit.brush();
        }
      }

      function ended() {
        nopropagation$2();
        if (exports.event.touches) {
          if (exports.event.touches.length) return;
          if (touchending) clearTimeout(touchending);
          touchending = setTimeout(function() { touchending = null; }, 500); // Ghost clicks are delayed!
          group.on("touchmove.brush touchend.brush touchcancel.brush", null);
        } else {
          dragEnable(exports.event.view, moving);
          view.on("keydown.brush keyup.brush mousemove.brush mouseup.brush", null);
        }
        group.attr("pointer-events", "all");
        overlay.attr("cursor", cursors.overlay);
        if (empty$1(selection)) state.selection = null, redraw.call(that);
        emit.end();
      }

      function keydowned() {
        switch (exports.event.keyCode) {
          case 16: { // SHIFT
            shifting = signX && signY;
            break;
          }
          case 18: { // ALT
            if (mode === MODE_HANDLE) {
              if (signX) e0 = e1 - dx * signX, w0 = w1 + dx * signX;
              if (signY) s0 = s1 - dy * signY, n0 = n1 + dy * signY;
              mode = MODE_CENTER;
              move();
            }
            break;
          }
          case 32: { // SPACE; takes priority over ALT
            if (mode === MODE_HANDLE || mode === MODE_CENTER) {
              if (signX < 0) e0 = e1 - dx; else if (signX > 0) w0 = w1 - dx;
              if (signY < 0) s0 = s1 - dy; else if (signY > 0) n0 = n1 - dy;
              mode = MODE_SPACE;
              overlay.attr("cursor", cursors.selection);
              move();
            }
            break;
          }
          default: return;
        }
        noevent$2();
      }

      function keyupped() {
        switch (exports.event.keyCode) {
          case 16: { // SHIFT
            if (shifting) {
              lockX = lockY = shifting = false;
              move();
            }
            break;
          }
          case 18: { // ALT
            if (mode === MODE_CENTER) {
              if (signX < 0) e0 = e1; else if (signX > 0) w0 = w1;
              if (signY < 0) s0 = s1; else if (signY > 0) n0 = n1;
              mode = MODE_HANDLE;
              move();
            }
            break;
          }
          case 32: { // SPACE
            if (mode === MODE_SPACE) {
              if (exports.event.altKey) {
                if (signX) e0 = e1 - dx * signX, w0 = w1 + dx * signX;
                if (signY) s0 = s1 - dy * signY, n0 = n1 + dy * signY;
                mode = MODE_CENTER;
              } else {
                if (signX < 0) e0 = e1; else if (signX > 0) w0 = w1;
                if (signY < 0) s0 = s1; else if (signY > 0) n0 = n1;
                mode = MODE_HANDLE;
              }
              overlay.attr("cursor", cursors[type]);
              move();
            }
            break;
          }
          default: return;
        }
        noevent$2();
      }
    }

    function initialize() {
      var state = this.__brush || {selection: null};
      state.extent = extent.apply(this, arguments);
      state.dim = dim;
      return state;
    }

    brush.extent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (extent = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$10([[+_[0][0], +_[0][1]], [+_[1][0], +_[1][1]]]), brush) : extent;
    };

    brush.filter = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (filter = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$10(!!_), brush) : filter;
    };

    brush.handleSize = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (handleSize = +_, brush) : handleSize;
    };

    brush.on = function() {
      var value = listeners.on.apply(listeners, arguments);
      return value === listeners ? brush : value;
    };

    return brush;
  }

  var cos = Math.cos;
  var sin = Math.sin;
  var pi$3 = Math.PI;
  var halfPi$2 = pi$3 / 2;
  var tau$3 = pi$3 * 2;
  var max$1 = Math.max;

  function compareValue(compare) {
    return function(a, b) {
      return compare(
        a.source.value + a.target.value,
        b.source.value + b.target.value
      );
    };
  }

  function chord() {
    var padAngle = 0,
        sortGroups = null,
        sortSubgroups = null,
        sortChords = null;

    function chord(matrix) {
      var n = matrix.length,
          groupSums = [],
          groupIndex = range(n),
          subgroupIndex = [],
          chords = [],
          groups = chords.groups = new Array(n),
          subgroups = new Array(n * n),
          k,
          x,
          x0,
          dx,
          i,
          j;

      // Compute the sum.
      k = 0, i = -1; while (++i < n) {
        x = 0, j = -1; while (++j < n) {
          x += matrix[i][j];
        }
        groupSums.push(x);
        subgroupIndex.push(range(n));
        k += x;
      }

      // Sort groups…
      if (sortGroups) groupIndex.sort(function(a, b) {
        return sortGroups(groupSums[a], groupSums[b]);
      });

      // Sort subgroups…
      if (sortSubgroups) subgroupIndex.forEach(function(d, i) {
        d.sort(function(a, b) {
          return sortSubgroups(matrix[i][a], matrix[i][b]);
        });
      });

      // Convert the sum to scaling factor for [0, 2pi].
      // TODO Allow start and end angle to be specified?
      // TODO Allow padding to be specified as percentage?
      k = max$1(0, tau$3 - padAngle * n) / k;
      dx = k ? padAngle : tau$3 / n;

      // Compute the start and end angle for each group and subgroup.
      // Note: Opera has a bug reordering object literal properties!
      x = 0, i = -1; while (++i < n) {
        x0 = x, j = -1; while (++j < n) {
          var di = groupIndex[i],
              dj = subgroupIndex[di][j],
              v = matrix[di][dj],
              a0 = x,
              a1 = x += v * k;
          subgroups[dj * n + di] = {
            index: di,
            subindex: dj,
            startAngle: a0,
            endAngle: a1,
            value: v
          };
        }
        groups[di] = {
          index: di,
          startAngle: x0,
          endAngle: x,
          value: groupSums[di]
        };
        x += dx;
      }

      // Generate chords for each (non-empty) subgroup-subgroup link.
      i = -1; while (++i < n) {
        j = i - 1; while (++j < n) {
          var source = subgroups[j * n + i],
              target = subgroups[i * n + j];
          if (source.value || target.value) {
            chords.push(source.value < target.value
                ? {source: target, target: source}
                : {source: source, target: target});
          }
        }
      }

      return sortChords ? chords.sort(sortChords) : chords;
    }

    chord.padAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (padAngle = max$1(0, _), chord) : padAngle;
    };

    chord.sortGroups = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (sortGroups = _, chord) : sortGroups;
    };

    chord.sortSubgroups = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (sortSubgroups = _, chord) : sortSubgroups;
    };

    chord.sortChords = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (_ == null ? sortChords = null : (sortChords = compareValue(_))._ = _, chord) : sortChords && sortChords._;
    };

    return chord;
  }

  var slice$5 = Array.prototype.slice;

  function constant$11(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function defaultSource(d) {
    return d.source;
  }

  function defaultTarget(d) {
    return d.target;
  }

  function defaultRadius$1(d) {
    return d.radius;
  }

  function defaultStartAngle(d) {
    return d.startAngle;
  }

  function defaultEndAngle(d) {
    return d.endAngle;
  }

  function ribbon() {
    var source = defaultSource,
        target = defaultTarget,
        radius = defaultRadius$1,
        startAngle = defaultStartAngle,
        endAngle = defaultEndAngle,
        context = null;

    function ribbon() {
      var buffer,
          argv = slice$5.call(arguments),
          s = source.apply(this, argv),
          t = target.apply(this, argv),
          sr = +radius.apply(this, (argv[0] = s, argv)),
          sa0 = startAngle.apply(this, argv) - halfPi$2,
          sa1 = endAngle.apply(this, argv) - halfPi$2,
          sx0 = sr * cos(sa0),
          sy0 = sr * sin(sa0),
          tr = +radius.apply(this, (argv[0] = t, argv)),
          ta0 = startAngle.apply(this, argv) - halfPi$2,
          ta1 = endAngle.apply(this, argv) - halfPi$2;

      if (!context) context = buffer = path();

      context.moveTo(sx0, sy0);
      context.arc(0, 0, sr, sa0, sa1);
      if (sa0 !== ta0 || sa1 !== ta1) { // TODO sr !== tr?
        context.quadraticCurveTo(0, 0, tr * cos(ta0), tr * sin(ta0));
        context.arc(0, 0, tr, ta0, ta1);
      }
      context.quadraticCurveTo(0, 0, sx0, sy0);
      context.closePath();

      if (buffer) return context = null, buffer + "" || null;
    }

    ribbon.radius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (radius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$11(+_), ribbon) : radius;
    };

    ribbon.startAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (startAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$11(+_), ribbon) : startAngle;
    };

    ribbon.endAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (endAngle = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$11(+_), ribbon) : endAngle;
    };

    ribbon.source = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (source = _, ribbon) : source;
    };

    ribbon.target = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (target = _, ribbon) : target;
    };

    ribbon.context = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? ((context = _ == null ? null : _), ribbon) : context;
    };

    return ribbon;
  }

  // Adds floating point numbers with twice the normal precision.
  // Reference: J. R. Shewchuk, Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and
  // Fast Robust Geometric Predicates, Discrete & Computational Geometry 18(3)
  // 305–363 (1997).
  // Code adapted from GeographicLib by Charles F. F. Karney,
  // http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/

  function adder() {
    return new Adder;
  }

  function Adder() {
    this.reset();
  }

  Adder.prototype = {
    constructor: Adder,
    reset: function() {
      this.s = // rounded value
      this.t = 0; // exact error
    },
    add: function(y) {
      add$1(temp, y, this.t);
      add$1(this, temp.s, this.s);
      if (this.s) this.t += temp.t;
      else this.s = temp.t;
    },
    valueOf: function() {
      return this.s;
    }
  };

  var temp = new Adder;

  function add$1(adder, a, b) {
    var x = adder.s = a + b,
        bv = x - a,
        av = x - bv;
    adder.t = (a - av) + (b - bv);
  }

  var epsilon$4 = 1e-6;
  var epsilon2$2 = 1e-12;
  var pi$4 = Math.PI;
  var halfPi$3 = pi$4 / 2;
  var quarterPi = pi$4 / 4;
  var tau$4 = pi$4 * 2;

  var degrees$1 = 180 / pi$4;
  var radians = pi$4 / 180;

  var abs = Math.abs;
  var atan = Math.atan;
  var atan2 = Math.atan2;
  var cos$1 = Math.cos;
  var ceil = Math.ceil;
  var exp = Math.exp;
  var log$1 = Math.log;
  var pow$1 = Math.pow;
  var sin$1 = Math.sin;
  var sign$1 = Math.sign || function(x) { return x > 0 ? 1 : x < 0 ? -1 : 0; };
  var sqrt$1 = Math.sqrt;
  var tan = Math.tan;

  function acos(x) {
    return x > 1 ? 0 : x < -1 ? pi$4 : Math.acos(x);
  }

  function asin$1(x) {
    return x > 1 ? halfPi$3 : x < -1 ? -halfPi$3 : Math.asin(x);
  }

  function haversin(x) {
    return (x = sin$1(x / 2)) * x;
  }

  function noop$2() {}

  function streamGeometry(geometry, stream) {
    if (geometry && streamGeometryType.hasOwnProperty(geometry.type)) {
      streamGeometryType[geometry.type](geometry, stream);
    }
  }

  var streamObjectType = {
    Feature: function(feature, stream) {
      streamGeometry(feature.geometry, stream);
    },
    FeatureCollection: function(object, stream) {
      var features = object.features, i = -1, n = features.length;
      while (++i < n) streamGeometry(features[i].geometry, stream);
    }
  };

  var streamGeometryType = {
    Sphere: function(object, stream) {
      stream.sphere();
    },
    Point: function(object, stream) {
      object = object.coordinates;
      stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
    },
    MultiPoint: function(object, stream) {
      var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
      while (++i < n) object = coordinates[i], stream.point(object[0], object[1], object[2]);
    },
    LineString: function(object, stream) {
      streamLine(object.coordinates, stream, 0);
    },
    MultiLineString: function(object, stream) {
      var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
      while (++i < n) streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 0);
    },
    Polygon: function(object, stream) {
      streamPolygon(object.coordinates, stream);
    },
    MultiPolygon: function(object, stream) {
      var coordinates = object.coordinates, i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
      while (++i < n) streamPolygon(coordinates[i], stream);
    },
    GeometryCollection: function(object, stream) {
      var geometries = object.geometries, i = -1, n = geometries.length;
      while (++i < n) streamGeometry(geometries[i], stream);
    }
  };

  function streamLine(coordinates, stream, closed) {
    var i = -1, n = coordinates.length - closed, coordinate;
    stream.lineStart();
    while (++i < n) coordinate = coordinates[i], stream.point(coordinate[0], coordinate[1], coordinate[2]);
    stream.lineEnd();
  }

  function streamPolygon(coordinates, stream) {
    var i = -1, n = coordinates.length;
    stream.polygonStart();
    while (++i < n) streamLine(coordinates[i], stream, 1);
    stream.polygonEnd();
  }

  function stream(object, stream) {
    if (object && streamObjectType.hasOwnProperty(object.type)) {
      streamObjectType[object.type](object, stream);
    } else {
      streamGeometry(object, stream);
    }
  }

  var areaRingSum;

  var areaSum;
  var lambda00;
  var phi00;
  var lambda0;
  var cosPhi0;
  var sinPhi0;
  var areaStream = {
    point: noop$2,
    lineStart: noop$2,
    lineEnd: noop$2,
    polygonStart: function() {
      areaRingSum.reset();
      areaStream.lineStart = areaRingStart;
      areaStream.lineEnd = areaRingEnd;
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      var areaRing = +areaRingSum;
      areaSum.add(areaRing < 0 ? tau$4 + areaRing : areaRing);
      this.lineStart = this.lineEnd = this.point = noop$2;
    },
    sphere: function() {
      areaSum.add(tau$4);
    }
  };

  function areaRingStart() {
    areaStream.point = areaPointFirst;
  }

  function areaRingEnd() {
    areaPoint(lambda00, phi00);
  }

  function areaPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
    areaStream.point = areaPoint;
    lambda00 = lambda, phi00 = phi;
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    lambda0 = lambda, cosPhi0 = cos$1(phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi), sinPhi0 = sin$1(phi);
  }

  function areaPoint(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    phi = phi / 2 + quarterPi; // half the angular distance from south pole

    // Spherical excess E for a spherical triangle with vertices: south pole,
    // previous point, current point.  Uses a formula derived from Cagnoli’s
    // theorem.  See Todhunter, Spherical Trig. (1871), Sec. 103, Eq. (2).
    var dLambda = lambda - lambda0,
        sdLambda = dLambda >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
        adLambda = sdLambda * dLambda,
        cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
        sinPhi = sin$1(phi),
        k = sinPhi0 * sinPhi,
        u = cosPhi0 * cosPhi + k * cos$1(adLambda),
        v = k * sdLambda * sin$1(adLambda);
    areaRingSum.add(atan2(v, u));

    // Advance the previous points.
    lambda0 = lambda, cosPhi0 = cosPhi, sinPhi0 = sinPhi;
  }

  function area$2(object) {
    if (areaSum) areaSum.reset();
    else areaSum = adder(), areaRingSum = adder();
    stream(object, areaStream);
    return areaSum * 2;
  }

  function spherical(cartesian) {
    return [atan2(cartesian[1], cartesian[0]), asin$1(cartesian[2])];
  }

  function cartesian(spherical) {
    var lambda = spherical[0], phi = spherical[1], cosPhi = cos$1(phi);
    return [cosPhi * cos$1(lambda), cosPhi * sin$1(lambda), sin$1(phi)];
  }

  function cartesianDot(a, b) {
    return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
  }

  function cartesianCross(a, b) {
    return [a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0]];
  }

  // TODO return a
  function cartesianAddInPlace(a, b) {
    a[0] += b[0], a[1] += b[1], a[2] += b[2];
  }

  function cartesianScale(vector, k) {
    return [vector[0] * k, vector[1] * k, vector[2] * k];
  }

  // TODO return d
  function cartesianNormalizeInPlace(d) {
    var l = sqrt$1(d[0] * d[0] + d[1] * d[1] + d[2] * d[2]);
    d[0] /= l, d[1] /= l, d[2] /= l;
  }

var   lambda0$1;
  var phi0;
  var lambda1;
  var phi1;
  var lambda2;
var   lambda00$1;
var   phi00$1;
  var p0;
  var deltaSum;
  var ranges;
var   range$1;
  var boundsStream = {
    point: boundsPoint,
    lineStart: boundsLineStart,
    lineEnd: boundsLineEnd,
    polygonStart: function() {
      boundsStream.point = boundsRingPoint;
      boundsStream.lineStart = boundsRingStart;
      boundsStream.lineEnd = boundsRingEnd;
      deltaSum.reset();
      areaStream.polygonStart();
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      areaStream.polygonEnd();
      boundsStream.point = boundsPoint;
      boundsStream.lineStart = boundsLineStart;
      boundsStream.lineEnd = boundsLineEnd;
      if (areaRingSum < 0) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180), phi0 = -(phi1 = 90);
      else if (deltaSum > epsilon$4) phi1 = 90;
      else if (deltaSum < -epsilon$4) phi0 = -90;
      range$1[0] = lambda0$1, range$1[1] = lambda1;
    }
  };

  function boundsPoint(lambda, phi) {
    ranges.push(range$1 = [lambda0$1 = lambda, lambda1 = lambda]);
    if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
    if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
  }

  function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
    var p = cartesian([lambda * radians, phi * radians]);
    if (p0) {
      var normal = cartesianCross(p0, p),
          equatorial = [normal[1], -normal[0], 0],
          inflection = cartesianCross(equatorial, normal);
      cartesianNormalizeInPlace(inflection);
      inflection = spherical(inflection);
      var delta = lambda - lambda2,
          sign = delta > 0 ? 1 : -1,
          lambdai = inflection[0] * degrees$1 * sign,
          phii,
          antimeridian = abs(delta) > 180;
      if (antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
        phii = inflection[1] * degrees$1;
        if (phii > phi1) phi1 = phii;
      } else if (lambdai = (lambdai + 360) % 360 - 180, antimeridian ^ (sign * lambda2 < lambdai && lambdai < sign * lambda)) {
        phii = -inflection[1] * degrees$1;
        if (phii < phi0) phi0 = phii;
      } else {
        if (phi < phi0) phi0 = phi;
        if (phi > phi1) phi1 = phi;
      }
      if (antimeridian) {
        if (lambda < lambda2) {
          if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
        } else {
          if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
        }
      } else {
        if (lambda1 >= lambda0$1) {
          if (lambda < lambda0$1) lambda0$1 = lambda;
          if (lambda > lambda1) lambda1 = lambda;
        } else {
          if (lambda > lambda2) {
            if (angle(lambda0$1, lambda) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda1 = lambda;
          } else {
            if (angle(lambda, lambda1) > angle(lambda0$1, lambda1)) lambda0$1 = lambda;
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      boundsPoint(lambda, phi);
    }
    p0 = p, lambda2 = lambda;
  }

  function boundsLineStart() {
    boundsStream.point = linePoint;
  }

  function boundsLineEnd() {
    range$1[0] = lambda0$1, range$1[1] = lambda1;
    boundsStream.point = boundsPoint;
    p0 = null;
  }

  function boundsRingPoint(lambda, phi) {
    if (p0) {
      var delta = lambda - lambda2;
      deltaSum.add(abs(delta) > 180 ? delta + (delta > 0 ? 360 : -360) : delta);
    } else {
      lambda00$1 = lambda, phi00$1 = phi;
    }
    areaStream.point(lambda, phi);
    linePoint(lambda, phi);
  }

  function boundsRingStart() {
    areaStream.lineStart();
  }

  function boundsRingEnd() {
    boundsRingPoint(lambda00$1, phi00$1);
    areaStream.lineEnd();
    if (abs(deltaSum) > epsilon$4) lambda0$1 = -(lambda1 = 180);
    range$1[0] = lambda0$1, range$1[1] = lambda1;
    p0 = null;
  }

  // Finds the left-right distance between two longitudes.
  // This is almost the same as (lambda1 - lambda0 + 360°) % 360°, except that we want
  // the distance between ±180° to be 360°.
  function angle(lambda0, lambda1) {
    return (lambda1 -= lambda0) < 0 ? lambda1 + 360 : lambda1;
  }

  function rangeCompare(a, b) {
    return a[0] - b[0];
  }

  function rangeContains(range, x) {
    return range[0] <= range[1] ? range[0] <= x && x <= range[1] : x < range[0] || range[1] < x;
  }

  function bounds(feature) {
    var i, n, a, b, merged, deltaMax, delta;

    if (deltaSum) deltaSum.reset();
    else deltaSum = adder();
    phi1 = lambda1 = -(lambda0$1 = phi0 = Infinity);
    ranges = [];
    stream(feature, boundsStream);

    // First, sort ranges by their minimum longitudes.
    if (n = ranges.length) {
      ranges.sort(rangeCompare);

      // Then, merge any ranges that overlap.
      for (i = 1, a = ranges[0], merged = [a]; i < n; ++i) {
        b = ranges[i];
        if (rangeContains(a, b[0]) || rangeContains(a, b[1])) {
          if (angle(a[0], b[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[1] = b[1];
          if (angle(b[0], a[1]) > angle(a[0], a[1])) a[0] = b[0];
        } else {
          merged.push(a = b);
        }
      }

      // Finally, find the largest gap between the merged ranges.
      // The final bounding box will be the inverse of this gap.
      for (deltaMax = -Infinity, n = merged.length - 1, i = 0, a = merged[n]; i <= n; a = b, ++i) {
        b = merged[i];
        if ((delta = angle(a[1], b[0])) > deltaMax) deltaMax = delta, lambda0$1 = b[0], lambda1 = a[1];
      }
    }

    ranges = range$1 = null;

    return lambda0$1 === Infinity || phi0 === Infinity
        ? [[NaN, NaN], [NaN, NaN]]
        : [[lambda0$1, phi0], [lambda1, phi1]];
  }

  var W0;
  var W1;
  var X0;
  var Y0;
  var Z0;
  var X1;
  var Y1;
  var Z1;
  var X2;
  var Y2;
  var Z2;
var   lambda00$2;
var   phi00$2;
  var x0;
  var y0;
  var z0;
  // previous point

  var centroidStream = {
    sphere: noop$2,
    point: centroidPoint,
    lineStart: centroidLineStart,
    lineEnd: centroidLineEnd,
    polygonStart: function() {
      centroidStream.lineStart = centroidRingStart;
      centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidRingEnd;
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      centroidStream.lineStart = centroidLineStart;
      centroidStream.lineEnd = centroidLineEnd;
    }
  };

  // Arithmetic mean of Cartesian vectors.
  function centroidPoint(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    var cosPhi = cos$1(phi);
    centroidPointCartesian(cosPhi * cos$1(lambda), cosPhi * sin$1(lambda), sin$1(phi));
  }

  function centroidPointCartesian(x, y, z) {
    ++W0;
    X0 += (x - X0) / W0;
    Y0 += (y - Y0) / W0;
    Z0 += (z - Z0) / W0;
  }

  function centroidLineStart() {
    centroidStream.point = centroidLinePointFirst;
  }

  function centroidLinePointFirst(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    var cosPhi = cos$1(phi);
    x0 = cosPhi * cos$1(lambda);
    y0 = cosPhi * sin$1(lambda);
    z0 = sin$1(phi);
    centroidStream.point = centroidLinePoint;
    centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
  }

  function centroidLinePoint(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    var cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
        x = cosPhi * cos$1(lambda),
        y = cosPhi * sin$1(lambda),
        z = sin$1(phi),
        w = atan2(sqrt$1((w = y0 * z - z0 * y) * w + (w = z0 * x - x0 * z) * w + (w = x0 * y - y0 * x) * w), x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z);
    W1 += w;
    X1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
    Y1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
    Z1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
    centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
  }

  function centroidLineEnd() {
    centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
  }

  // See J. E. Brock, The Inertia Tensor for a Spherical Triangle,
  // J. Applied Mechanics 42, 239 (1975).
  function centroidRingStart() {
    centroidStream.point = centroidRingPointFirst;
  }

  function centroidRingEnd() {
    centroidRingPoint(lambda00$2, phi00$2);
    centroidStream.point = centroidPoint;
  }

  function centroidRingPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
    lambda00$2 = lambda, phi00$2 = phi;
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    centroidStream.point = centroidRingPoint;
    var cosPhi = cos$1(phi);
    x0 = cosPhi * cos$1(lambda);
    y0 = cosPhi * sin$1(lambda);
    z0 = sin$1(phi);
    centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
  }

  function centroidRingPoint(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    var cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
        x = cosPhi * cos$1(lambda),
        y = cosPhi * sin$1(lambda),
        z = sin$1(phi),
        cx = y0 * z - z0 * y,
        cy = z0 * x - x0 * z,
        cz = x0 * y - y0 * x,
        m = sqrt$1(cx * cx + cy * cy + cz * cz),
        u = x0 * x + y0 * y + z0 * z,
        v = m && -acos(u) / m, // area weight
        w = atan2(m, u); // line weight
    X2 += v * cx;
    Y2 += v * cy;
    Z2 += v * cz;
    W1 += w;
    X1 += w * (x0 + (x0 = x));
    Y1 += w * (y0 + (y0 = y));
    Z1 += w * (z0 + (z0 = z));
    centroidPointCartesian(x0, y0, z0);
  }

  function centroid$1(object) {
    W0 = W1 =
    X0 = Y0 = Z0 =
    X1 = Y1 = Z1 =
    X2 = Y2 = Z2 = 0;
    stream(object, centroidStream);

    var x = X2,
        y = Y2,
        z = Z2,
        m = x * x + y * y + z * z;

    // If the area-weighted ccentroid is undefined, fall back to length-weighted ccentroid.
    if (m < epsilon2$2) {
      x = X1, y = Y1, z = Z1;
      // If the feature has zero length, fall back to arithmetic mean of point vectors.
      if (W1 < epsilon$4) x = X0, y = Y0, z = Z0;
      m = x * x + y * y + z * z;
      // If the feature still has an undefined ccentroid, then return.
      if (m < epsilon2$2) return [NaN, NaN];
    }

    return [atan2(y, x) * degrees$1, asin$1(z / sqrt$1(m)) * degrees$1];
  }

  function constant$12(x) {
    return function() {
      return x;
    };
  }

  function compose(a, b) {

    function compose(x, y) {
      return x = a(x, y), b(x[0], x[1]);
    }

    if (a.invert && b.invert) compose.invert = function(x, y) {
      return x = b.invert(x, y), x && a.invert(x[0], x[1]);
    };

    return compose;
  }

  function rotationIdentity(lambda, phi) {
    return [lambda > pi$4 ? lambda - tau$4 : lambda < -pi$4 ? lambda + tau$4 : lambda, phi];
  }

  rotationIdentity.invert = rotationIdentity;

  function rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
    return (deltaLambda %= tau$4) ? (deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? compose(rotationLambda(deltaLambda), rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma))
      : rotationLambda(deltaLambda))
      : (deltaPhi || deltaGamma ? rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma)
      : rotationIdentity);
  }

  function forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
    return function(lambda, phi) {
      return lambda += deltaLambda, [lambda > pi$4 ? lambda - tau$4 : lambda < -pi$4 ? lambda + tau$4 : lambda, phi];
    };
  }

  function rotationLambda(deltaLambda) {
    var rotation = forwardRotationLambda(deltaLambda);
    rotation.invert = forwardRotationLambda(-deltaLambda);
    return rotation;
  }

  function rotationPhiGamma(deltaPhi, deltaGamma) {
    var cosDeltaPhi = cos$1(deltaPhi),
        sinDeltaPhi = sin$1(deltaPhi),
        cosDeltaGamma = cos$1(deltaGamma),
        sinDeltaGamma = sin$1(deltaGamma);

    function rotation(lambda, phi) {
      var cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
          x = cos$1(lambda) * cosPhi,
          y = sin$1(lambda) * cosPhi,
          z = sin$1(phi),
          k = z * cosDeltaPhi + x * sinDeltaPhi;
      return [
        atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma - k * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi - z * sinDeltaPhi),
        asin$1(k * cosDeltaGamma + y * sinDeltaGamma)
      ];
    }

    rotation.invert = function(lambda, phi) {
      var cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
          x = cos$1(lambda) * cosPhi,
          y = sin$1(lambda) * cosPhi,
          z = sin$1(phi),
          k = z * cosDeltaGamma - y * sinDeltaGamma;
      return [
        atan2(y * cosDeltaGamma + z * sinDeltaGamma, x * cosDeltaPhi + k * sinDeltaPhi),
        asin$1(k * cosDeltaPhi - x * sinDeltaPhi)
      ];
    };

    return rotation;
  }

  function rotation(rotate) {
    rotate = rotateRadians(rotate[0] * radians, rotate[1] * radians, rotate.length > 2 ? rotate[2] * radians : 0);

    function forward(coordinates) {
      coordinates = rotate(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
      return coordinates[0] *= degrees$1, coordinates[1] *= degrees$1, coordinates;
    }

    forward.invert = function(coordinates) {
      coordinates = rotate.invert(coordinates[0] * radians, coordinates[1] * radians);
      return coordinates[0] *= degrees$1, coordinates[1] *= degrees$1, coordinates;
    };

    return forward;
  }

  // Generates a circle centered at [0°, 0°], with a given radius and precision.
  function circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, t0, t1) {
    if (!delta) return;
    var cosRadius = cos$1(radius),
        sinRadius = sin$1(radius),
        step = direction * delta;
    if (t0 == null) {
      t0 = radius + direction * tau$4;
      t1 = radius - step / 2;
    } else {
      t0 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t0);
      t1 = circleRadius(cosRadius, t1);
      if (direction > 0 ? t0 < t1 : t0 > t1) t0 += direction * tau$4;
    }
    for (var point, t = t0; direction > 0 ? t > t1 : t < t1; t -= step) {
      point = spherical([cosRadius, -sinRadius * cos$1(t), -sinRadius * sin$1(t)]);
      stream.point(point[0], point[1]);
    }
  }

  // Returns the signed angle of a cartesian point relative to [cosRadius, 0, 0].
  function circleRadius(cosRadius, point) {
    point = cartesian(point), point[0] -= cosRadius;
    cartesianNormalizeInPlace(point);
    var radius = acos(-point[1]);
    return ((-point[2] < 0 ? -radius : radius) + tau$4 - epsilon$4) % tau$4;
  }

  function circle$1() {
    var center = constant$12([0, 0]),
        radius = constant$12(90),
        precision = constant$12(6),
        ring,
        rotate,
        stream = {point: point};

    function point(x, y) {
      ring.push(x = rotate(x, y));
      x[0] *= degrees$1, x[1] *= degrees$1;
    }

    function circle() {
      var c = center.apply(this, arguments),
          r = radius.apply(this, arguments) * radians,
          p = precision.apply(this, arguments) * radians;
      ring = [];
      rotate = rotateRadians(-c[0] * radians, -c[1] * radians, 0).invert;
      circleStream(stream, r, p, 1);
      c = {type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring]};
      ring = rotate = null;
      return c;
    }

    circle.center = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (center = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$12([+_[0], +_[1]]), circle) : center;
    };

    circle.radius = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (radius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$12(+_), circle) : radius;
    };

    circle.precision = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (precision = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : constant$12(+_), circle) : precision;
    };

    return circle;
  }

  function clipBuffer() {
    var lines = [],
        line;
    return {
      point: function(x, y) {
        line.push([x, y]);
      },
      lineStart: function() {
        lines.push(line = []);
      },
      lineEnd: noop$2,
      rejoin: function() {
        if (lines.length > 1) lines.push(lines.pop().concat(lines.shift()));
      },
      result: function() {
        var result = lines;
        lines = [];
        line = null;
        return result;
      }
    };
  }

  function clipLine(a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1) {
    var ax = a[0],
        ay = a[1],
        bx = b[0],
        by = b[1],
        t0 = 0,
        t1 = 1,
        dx = bx - ax,
        dy = by - ay,
        r;

    r = x0 - ax;
    if (!dx && r > 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = x1 - ax;
    if (!dx && r < 0) return;
    r /= dx;
    if (dx < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dx > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    r = y0 - ay;
    if (!dy && r > 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    }

    r = y1 - ay;
    if (!dy && r < 0) return;
    r /= dy;
    if (dy < 0) {
      if (r > t1) return;
      if (r > t0) t0 = r;
    } else if (dy > 0) {
      if (r < t0) return;
      if (r < t1) t1 = r;
    }

    if (t0 > 0) a[0] = ax + t0 * dx, a[1] = ay + t0 * dy;
    if (t1 < 1) b[0] = ax + t1 * dx, b[1] = ay + t1 * dy;
    return true;
  }

  function pointEqual(a, b) {
    return abs(a[0] - b[0]) < epsilon$4 && abs(a[1] - b[1]) < epsilon$4;
  }

  function Intersection(point, points, other, entry) {
    this.x = point;
    this.z = points;
    this.o = other; // another intersection
    this.e = entry; // is an entry?
    this.v = false; // visited
    this.n = this.p = null; // next & previous
  }

  // A generalized polygon clipping algorithm: given a polygon that has been cut
  // into its visible line segments, and rejoins the segments by interpolating
  // along the clip edge.
  function clipPolygon(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream) {
    var subject = [],
        clip = [],
        i,
        n;

    segments.forEach(function(segment) {
      if ((n = segment.length - 1) <= 0) return;
      var n, p0 = segment[0], p1 = segment[n], x;

      // If the first and last points of a segment are coincident, then treat as a
      // closed ring. TODO if all rings are closed, then the winding order of the
      // exterior ring should be checked.
      if (pointEqual(p0, p1)) {
        stream.lineStart();
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) stream.point((p0 = segment[i])[0], p0[1]);
        stream.lineEnd();
        return;
      }

      subject.push(x = new Intersection(p0, segment, null, true));
      clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p0, null, x, false));
      subject.push(x = new Intersection(p1, segment, null, false));
      clip.push(x.o = new Intersection(p1, null, x, true));
    });

    if (!subject.length) return;

    clip.sort(compareIntersection);
    link$1(subject);
    link$1(clip);

    for (i = 0, n = clip.length; i < n; ++i) {
      clip[i].e = startInside = !startInside;
    }

    var start = subject[0],
        points,
        point;

    while (1) {
      // Find first unvisited intersection.
      var current = start,
          isSubject = true;
      while (current.v) if ((current = current.n) === start) return;
      points = current.z;
      stream.lineStart();
      do {
        current.v = current.o.v = true;
        if (current.e) {
          if (isSubject) {
            for (i = 0, n = points.length; i < n; ++i) stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
          } else {
            interpolate(current.x, current.n.x, 1, stream);
          }
          current = current.n;
        } else {
          if (isSubject) {
            points = current.p.z;
            for (i = points.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) stream.point((point = points[i])[0], point[1]);
          } else {
            interpolate(current.x, current.p.x, -1, stream);
          }
          current = current.p;
        }
        current = current.o;
        points = current.z;
        isSubject = !isSubject;
      } while (!current.v);
      stream.lineEnd();
    }
  }

  function link$1(array) {
    if (!(n = array.length)) return;
    var n,
        i = 0,
        a = array[0],
        b;
    while (++i < n) {
      a.n = b = array[i];
      b.p = a;
      a = b;
    }
    a.n = b = array[0];
    b.p = a;
  }

  var clipMax = 1e9;
  var clipMin = -clipMax;
  // TODO Use d3-polygon’s polygonContains here for the ring check?
  // TODO Eliminate duplicate buffering in clipBuffer and polygon.push?

  function clipExtent(x0, y0, x1, y1) {

    function visible(x, y) {
      return x0 <= x && x <= x1 && y0 <= y && y <= y1;
    }

    function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
      var a = 0, a1 = 0;
      if (from == null
          || (a = corner(from, direction)) !== (a1 = corner(to, direction))
          || comparePoint(from, to) < 0 ^ direction > 0) {
        do stream.point(a === 0 || a === 3 ? x0 : x1, a > 1 ? y1 : y0);
        while ((a = (a + direction + 4) % 4) !== a1);
      } else {
        stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
      }
    }

    function corner(p, direction) {
      return abs(p[0] - x0) < epsilon$4 ? direction > 0 ? 0 : 3
          : abs(p[0] - x1) < epsilon$4 ? direction > 0 ? 2 : 1
          : abs(p[1] - y0) < epsilon$4 ? direction > 0 ? 1 : 0
          : direction > 0 ? 3 : 2; // abs(p[1] - y1) < epsilon
    }

    function compareIntersection(a, b) {
      return comparePoint(a.x, b.x);
    }

    function comparePoint(a, b) {
      var ca = corner(a, 1),
          cb = corner(b, 1);
      return ca !== cb ? ca - cb
          : ca === 0 ? b[1] - a[1]
          : ca === 1 ? a[0] - b[0]
          : ca === 2 ? a[1] - b[1]
          : b[0] - a[0];
    }

    return function(stream) {
      var activeStream = stream,
          bufferStream = clipBuffer(),
          segments,
          polygon,
          ring,
          x__, y__, v__, // first point
          x_, y_, v_, // previous point
          first,
          clean;

      var clipStream = {
        point: point,
        lineStart: lineStart,
        lineEnd: lineEnd,
        polygonStart: polygonStart,
        polygonEnd: polygonEnd
      };

      function point(x, y) {
        if (visible(x, y)) activeStream.point(x, y);
      }

      function polygonInside() {
        var winding = 0;

        for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
          for (var ring = polygon[i], j = 1, m = ring.length, point = ring[0], a0, a1, b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1]; j < m; ++j) {
            a0 = b0, a1 = b1, point = ring[j], b0 = point[0], b1 = point[1];
            if (a1 <= y1) { if (b1 > y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) > (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) ++winding; }
            else { if (b1 <= y1 && (b0 - a0) * (y1 - a1) < (b1 - a1) * (x0 - a0)) --winding; }
          }
        }

        return winding;
      }

      // Buffer geometry within a polygon and then clip it en masse.
      function polygonStart() {
        activeStream = bufferStream, segments = [], polygon = [], clean = true;
      }

      function polygonEnd() {
        var startInside = polygonInside(),
            cleanInside = clean && startInside,
            visible = (segments = merge(segments)).length;
        if (cleanInside || visible) {
          stream.polygonStart();
          if (cleanInside) {
            stream.lineStart();
            interpolate(null, null, 1, stream);
            stream.lineEnd();
          }
          if (visible) {
            clipPolygon(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, stream);
          }
          stream.polygonEnd();
        }
        activeStream = stream, segments = polygon = ring = null;
      }

      function lineStart() {
        clipStream.point = linePoint;
        if (polygon) polygon.push(ring = []);
        first = true;
        v_ = false;
        x_ = y_ = NaN;
      }

      // TODO rather than special-case polygons, simply handle them separately.
      // Ideally, coincident intersection points should be jittered to avoid
      // clipping issues.
      function lineEnd() {
        if (segments) {
          linePoint(x__, y__);
          if (v__ && v_) bufferStream.rejoin();
          segments.push(bufferStream.result());
        }
        clipStream.point = point;
        if (v_) activeStream.lineEnd();
      }

      function linePoint(x, y) {
        var v = visible(x, y);
        if (polygon) ring.push([x, y]);
        if (first) {
          x__ = x, y__ = y, v__ = v;
          first = false;
          if (v) {
            activeStream.lineStart();
            activeStream.point(x, y);
          }
        } else {
          if (v && v_) activeStream.point(x, y);
          else {
            var a = [x_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x_)), y_ = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y_))],
                b = [x = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, x)), y = Math.max(clipMin, Math.min(clipMax, y))];
            if (clipLine(a, b, x0, y0, x1, y1)) {
              if (!v_) {
                activeStream.lineStart();
                activeStream.point(a[0], a[1]);
              }
              activeStream.point(b[0], b[1]);
              if (!v) activeStream.lineEnd();
              clean = false;
            } else if (v) {
              activeStream.lineStart();
              activeStream.point(x, y);
              clean = false;
            }
          }
        }
        x_ = x, y_ = y, v_ = v;
      }

      return clipStream;
    };
  }

  function extent$1() {
    var x0 = 0,
        y0 = 0,
        x1 = 960,
        y1 = 500,
        cache,
        cacheStream,
        clip;

    return clip = {
      stream: function(stream) {
        return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = clipExtent(x0, y0, x1, y1)(cacheStream = stream);
      },
      extent: function(_) {
        return arguments.length ? (x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1], cache = cacheStream = null, clip) : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
      }
    };
  }

  var lengthSum;
var   lambda0$2;
var   sinPhi0$1;
var   cosPhi0$1;
  var lengthStream = {
    sphere: noop$2,
    point: noop$2,
    lineStart: lengthLineStart,
    lineEnd: noop$2,
    polygonStart: noop$2,
    polygonEnd: noop$2
  };

  function lengthLineStart() {
    lengthStream.point = lengthPointFirst;
    lengthStream.lineEnd = lengthLineEnd;
  }

  function lengthLineEnd() {
    lengthStream.point = lengthStream.lineEnd = noop$2;
  }

  function lengthPointFirst(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    lambda0$2 = lambda, sinPhi0$1 = sin$1(phi), cosPhi0$1 = cos$1(phi);
    lengthStream.point = lengthPoint;
  }

  function lengthPoint(lambda, phi) {
    lambda *= radians, phi *= radians;
    var sinPhi = sin$1(phi),
        cosPhi = cos$1(phi),
        delta = abs(lambda - lambda0$2),
        cosDelta = cos$1(delta),
        sinDelta = sin$1(delta),
        x = cosPhi * sinDelta,
        y = cosPhi0$1 * sinPhi - sinPhi0$1 * cosPhi * cosDelta,
        z = sinPhi0$1 * sinPhi + cosPhi0$1 * cosPhi * cosDelta;
    lengthSum.add(atan2(sqrt$1(x * x + y * y), z));
    lambda0$2 = lambda, sinPhi0$1 = sinPhi, cosPhi0$1 = cosPhi;
  }

  function length$2(object) {
    if (lengthSum) lengthSum.reset();
    else lengthSum = adder();
    stream(object, lengthStream);
    return +lengthSum;
  }

  var coordinates = [null, null];
var   object$1 = {type: "LineString", coordinates: coordinates};
  function distance(a, b) {
    coordinates[0] = a;
    coordinates[1] = b;
    return length$2(object$1);
  }

  function graticuleX(y0, y1, dy) {
    var y = range(y0, y1 - epsilon$4, dy).concat(y1);
    return function(x) { return y.map(function(y) { return [x, y]; }); };
  }

  function graticuleY(x0, x1, dx) {
    var x = range(x0, x1 - epsilon$4, dx).concat(x1);
    return function(y) { return x.map(function(x) { return [x, y]; }); };
  }

  function graticule() {
    var x1, x0, X1, X0,
        y1, y0, Y1, Y0,
        dx = 10, dy = dx, DX = 90, DY = 360,
        x, y, X, Y,
        precision = 2.5;

    function graticule() {
      return {type: "MultiLineString", coordinates: lines()};
    }

    function lines() {
      return range(ceil(X0 / DX) * DX, X1, DX).map(X)
          .concat(range(ceil(Y0 / DY) * DY, Y1, DY).map(Y))
          .concat(range(ceil(x0 / dx) * dx, x1, dx).filter(function(x) { return abs(x % DX) > epsilon$4; }).map(x))
          .concat(range(ceil(y0 / dy) * dy, y1, dy).filter(function(y) { return abs(y % DY) > epsilon$4; }).map(y));
    }

    graticule.lines = function() {
      return lines().map(function(coordinates) { return {type: "LineString", coordinates: coordinates}; });
    };

    graticule.outline = function() {
      return {
        type: "Polygon",
        coordinates: [
          X(X0).concat(
          Y(Y1).slice(1),
          X(X1).reverse().slice(1),
          Y(Y0).reverse().slice(1))
        ]
      };
    };

    graticule.extent = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.extentMinor();
      return graticule.extentMajor(_).extentMinor(_);
    };

    graticule.extentMajor = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return [[X0, Y0], [X1, Y1]];
      X0 = +_[0][0], X1 = +_[1][0];
      Y0 = +_[0][1], Y1 = +_[1][1];
      if (X0 > X1) _ = X0, X0 = X1, X1 = _;
      if (Y0 > Y1) _ = Y0, Y0 = Y1, Y1 = _;
      return graticule.precision(precision);
    };

    graticule.extentMinor = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
      x0 = +_[0][0], x1 = +_[1][0];
      y0 = +_[0][1], y1 = +_[1][1];
      if (x0 > x1) _ = x0, x0 = x1, x1 = _;
      if (y0 > y1) _ = y0, y0 = y1, y1 = _;
      return graticule.precision(precision);
    };

    graticule.step = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return graticule.stepMinor();
      return graticule.stepMajor(_).stepMinor(_);
    };

    graticule.stepMajor = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return [DX, DY];
      DX = +_[0], DY = +_[1];
      return graticule;
    };

    graticule.stepMinor = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return [dx, dy];
      dx = +_[0], dy = +_[1];
      return graticule;
    };

    graticule.precision = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return precision;
      precision = +_;
      x = graticuleX(y0, y1, 90);
      y = graticuleY(x0, x1, precision);
      X = graticuleX(Y0, Y1, 90);
      Y = graticuleY(X0, X1, precision);
      return graticule;
    };

    return graticule
        .extentMajor([[-180, -90 + epsilon$4], [180, 90 - epsilon$4]])
        .extentMinor([[-180, -80 - epsilon$4], [180, 80 + epsilon$4]]);
  }

  function interpolate$2(a, b) {
    var x0 = a[0] * radians,
        y0 = a[1] * radians,
        x1 = b[0] * radians,
        y1 = b[1] * radians,
        cy0 = cos$1(y0),
        sy0 = sin$1(y0),
        cy1 = cos$1(y1),
        sy1 = sin$1(y1),
        kx0 = cy0 * cos$1(x0),
        ky0 = cy0 * sin$1(x0),
        kx1 = cy1 * cos$1(x1),
        ky1 = cy1 * sin$1(x1),
        d = 2 * asin$1(sqrt$1(haversin(y1 - y0) + cy0 * cy1 * haversin(x1 - x0))),
        k = sin$1(d);

    var interpolate = d ? function(t) {
      var B = sin$1(t *= d) / k,
          A = sin$1(d - t) / k,
          x = A * kx0 + B * kx1,
          y = A * ky0 + B * ky1,
          z = A * sy0 + B * sy1;
      return [
        atan2(y, x) * degrees$1,
        atan2(z, sqrt$1(x * x + y * y)) * degrees$1
      ];
    } : function() {
      return [x0 * degrees$1, y0 * degrees$1];
    };

    interpolate.distance = d;

    return interpolate;
  }

  function identity$7(x) {
    return x;
  }

var   areaSum$1 = adder();
var   areaRingSum$1 = adder();
  var x00;
  var y00;
var   x0$1;
var   y0$1;
  var areaStream$1 = {
    point: noop$2,
    lineStart: noop$2,
    lineEnd: noop$2,
    polygonStart: function() {
      areaStream$1.lineStart = areaRingStart$1;
      areaStream$1.lineEnd = areaRingEnd$1;
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      areaStream$1.lineStart = areaStream$1.lineEnd = areaStream$1.point = noop$2;
      areaSum$1.add(abs(areaRingSum$1));
      areaRingSum$1.reset();
    },
    result: function() {
      var area = areaSum$1 / 2;
      areaSum$1.reset();
      return area;
    }
  };

  function areaRingStart$1() {
    areaStream$1.point = areaPointFirst$1;
  }

  function areaPointFirst$1(x, y) {
    areaStream$1.point = areaPoint$1;
    x00 = x0$1 = x, y00 = y0$1 = y;
  }

  function areaPoint$1(x, y) {
    areaRingSum$1.add(y0$1 * x - x0$1 * y);
    x0$1 = x, y0$1 = y;
  }

  function areaRingEnd$1() {
    areaPoint$1(x00, y00);
  }

var   x0$2 = Infinity;
var   y0$2 = x0$2;
  var x1 = -x0$2;
  var y1 = x1;
  var boundsStream$1 = {
    point: boundsPoint$1,
    lineStart: noop$2,
    lineEnd: noop$2,
    polygonStart: noop$2,
    polygonEnd: noop$2,
    result: function() {
      var bounds = [[x0$2, y0$2], [x1, y1]];
      x1 = y1 = -(y0$2 = x0$2 = Infinity);
      return bounds;
    }
  };

  function boundsPoint$1(x, y) {
    if (x < x0$2) x0$2 = x;
    if (x > x1) x1 = x;
    if (y < y0$2) y0$2 = y;
    if (y > y1) y1 = y;
  }

var   X0$1 = 0;
var   Y0$1 = 0;
var   Z0$1 = 0;
var   X1$1 = 0;
var   Y1$1 = 0;
var   Z1$1 = 0;
var   X2$1 = 0;
var   Y2$1 = 0;
var   Z2$1 = 0;
var   x00$1;
var   y00$1;
var   x0$3;
var   y0$3;
  var centroidStream$1 = {
    point: centroidPoint$1,
    lineStart: centroidLineStart$1,
    lineEnd: centroidLineEnd$1,
    polygonStart: function() {
      centroidStream$1.lineStart = centroidRingStart$1;
      centroidStream$1.lineEnd = centroidRingEnd$1;
    },
    polygonEnd: function() {
      centroidStream$1.point = centroidPoint$1;
      centroidStream$1.lineStart = centroidLineStart$1;
      centroidStream$1.lineEnd = centroidLineEnd$1;
    },
    result: function() {
      var centroid = Z2$1 ? [X2$1 / Z2$1, Y2$1 / Z2$1]
          : Z1$1 ? [X1$1 / Z1$1, Y1$1 / Z1$1]
          : Z0$1 ? [X0$1 / Z0$1, Y0$1 / Z0$1]
          : [NaN, NaN];
      X0$1 = Y0$1 = Z0$1 =
      X1$1 = Y1$1 = Z1$1 =
      X2$1 = Y2$1 = Z2$1 = 0;
      return centroid;
    }
  };

  function centroidPoint$1(x, y) {
    X0$1 += x;
    Y0$1 += y;
    ++Z0$1;
  }

  function centroidLineStart$1() {
    centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointFirstLine;
  }

  function centroidPointFirstLine(x, y) {
    centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointLine;
    centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
  }

  function centroidPointLine(x, y) {
    var dx = x - x0$3, dy = y - y0$3, z = sqrt$1(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    X1$1 += z * (x0$3 + x) / 2;
    Y1$1 += z * (y0$3 + y) / 2;
    Z1$1 += z;
    centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
  }

  function centroidLineEnd$1() {
    centroidStream$1.point = centroidPoint$1;
  }

  function centroidRingStart$1() {
    centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointFirstRing;
  }

  function centroidRingEnd$1() {
    centroidPointRing(x00$1, y00$1);
  }

  function centroidPointFirstRing(x, y) {
    centroidStream$1.point = centroidPointRing;
    centroidPoint$1(x00$1 = x0$3 = x, y00$1 = y0$3 = y);
  }

  function centroidPointRing(x, y) {
    var dx = x - x0$3,
        dy = y - y0$3,
        z = sqrt$1(dx * dx + dy * dy);

    X1$1 += z * (x0$3 + x) / 2;
    Y1$1 += z * (y0$3 + y) / 2;
    Z1$1 += z;

    z = y0$3 * x - x0$3 * y;
    X2$1 += z * (x0$3 + x);
    Y2$1 += z * (y0$3 + y);
    Z2$1 += z * 3;
    centroidPoint$1(x0$3 = x, y0$3 = y);
  }

  function PathContext(context) {
    var pointRadius = 4.5;

    var stream = {
      point: point,

      // While inside a line, override point to moveTo then lineTo.
      lineStart: function() { stream.point = pointLineStart; },
      lineEnd: lineEnd,

      // While inside a polygon, override lineEnd to closePath.
      polygonStart: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon; },
      polygonEnd: function() { stream.lineEnd = lineEnd; stream.point = point; },

      pointRadius: function(_) {
        pointRadius = _;
        return stream;
      },

      result: noop$2
    };

    function point(x, y) {
      context.moveTo(x + pointRadius, y);
      context.arc(x, y, pointRadius, 0, tau$4);
    }

    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
      context.moveTo(x, y);
      stream.point = pointLine;
    }

    function pointLine(x, y) {
      context.lineTo(x, y);
    }

    function lineEnd() {
      stream.point = point;
    }

    function lineEndPolygon() {
      context.closePath();
    }

    return stream;
  }

  function PathString() {
    var pointCircle = circle$2(4.5),
        string = [];

    var stream = {
      point: point,
      lineStart: lineStart,
      lineEnd: lineEnd,
      polygonStart: function() {
        stream.lineEnd = lineEndPolygon;
      },
      polygonEnd: function() {
        stream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
        stream.point = point;
      },
      pointRadius: function(_) {
        pointCircle = circle$2(_);
        return stream;
      },
      result: function() {
        if (string.length) {
          var result = string.join("");
          string = [];
          return result;
        }
      }
    };

    function point(x, y) {
      string.push("M", x, ",", y, pointCircle);
    }

    function pointLineStart(x, y) {
      string.push("M", x, ",", y);
      stream.point = pointLine;
    }

    function pointLine(x, y) {
      string.push("L", x, ",", y);
    }

    function lineStart() {
      stream.point = pointLineStart;
    }

    function lineEnd() {
      stream.point = point;
    }

    function lineEndPolygon() {
      string.push("Z");
    }

    return stream;
  }

  function circle$2(radius) {
    return "m0," + radius
        + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + -2 * radius
        + "a" + radius + "," + radius + " 0 1,1 0," + 2 * radius
        + "z";
  }

  function index$3() {
    var pointRadius = 4.5,
        projection,
        projectionStream,
        context,
        contextStream;

    function path(object) {
      if (object) {
        if (typeof pointRadius === "function") contextStream.pointRadius(+pointRadius.apply(this, arguments));
        stream(object, projectionStream(contextStream));
      }
      return contextStream.result();
    }

    path.area = function(object) {
      stream(object, projectionStream(areaStream$1));
      return areaStream$1.result();
    };

    path.bounds = function(object) {
      stream(object, projectionStream(boundsStream$1));
      return boundsStream$1.result();
    };

    path.centroid = function(object) {
      stream(object, projectionStream(centroidStream$1));
      return centroidStream$1.result();
    };

    path.projection = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (projectionStream = (projection = _) == null ? identity$7 : _.stream, path) : projection;
    };

    path.context = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return context;
      contextStream = (context = _) == null ? new PathString : new PathContext(_);
      if (typeof pointRadius !== "function") contextStream.pointRadius(pointRadius);
      return path;
    };

    path.pointRadius = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return pointRadius;
      pointRadius = typeof _ === "function" ? _ : (contextStream.pointRadius(+_), +_);
      return path;
    };

    return path.projection(null).context(null);
  }

  var sum$2 = adder();

  function polygonContains(polygon, point) {
    var lambda = point[0],
        phi = point[1],
        normal = [sin$1(lambda), -cos$1(lambda), 0],
        angle = 0,
        winding = 0;

    for (var i = 0, n = polygon.length; i < n; ++i) {
      if (!(m = (ring = polygon[i]).length)) continue;
      var ring,
          m,
          point0 = ring[m - 1],
          lambda0 = point0[0],
          phi0 = point0[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
          sinPhi0 = sin$1(phi0),
          cosPhi0 = cos$1(phi0);

      for (var j = 0; j < m; ++j, lambda0 = lambda1, sinPhi0 = sinPhi1, cosPhi0 = cosPhi1, point0 = point1) {
        var point1 = ring[j],
            lambda1 = point1[0],
            phi1 = point1[1] / 2 + quarterPi,
            sinPhi1 = sin$1(phi1),
            cosPhi1 = cos$1(phi1),
            delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
            sign = delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1,
            absDelta = sign * delta,
            antimeridian = absDelta > pi$4,
            k = sinPhi0 * sinPhi1;

        sum$2.add(atan2(k * sign * sin$1(absDelta), cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 + k * cos$1(absDelta)));
        angle += antimeridian ? delta + sign * tau$4 : delta;

        // Are the longitudes either side of the point’s meridian (lambda),
        // and are the latitudes smaller than the parallel (phi)?
        if (antimeridian ^ lambda0 >= lambda ^ lambda1 >= lambda) {
          var arc = cartesianCross(cartesian(point0), cartesian(point1));
          cartesianNormalizeInPlace(arc);
          var intersection = cartesianCross(normal, arc);
          cartesianNormalizeInPlace(intersection);
          var phiArc = (antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * asin$1(intersection[2]);
          if (phi > phiArc || phi === phiArc && (arc[0] || arc[1])) {
            winding += antimeridian ^ delta >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // First, determine whether the South pole is inside or outside:
    //
    // It is inside if:
    // * the polygon winds around it in a clockwise direction.
    // * the polygon does not (cumulatively) wind around it, but has a negative
    //   (counter-clockwise) area.
    //
    // Second, count the (signed) number of times a segment crosses a lambda
    // from the point to the South pole.  If it is zero, then the point is the
    // same side as the South pole.

    var contains = (angle < -epsilon$4 || angle < epsilon$4 && sum$2 < -epsilon$4) ^ (winding & 1);
    sum$2.reset();
    return contains;
  }

  function clip(pointVisible, clipLine, interpolate, start) {
    return function(rotate, sink) {
      var line = clipLine(sink),
          rotatedStart = rotate.invert(start[0], start[1]),
          ringBuffer = clipBuffer(),
          ringSink = clipLine(ringBuffer),
          polygonStarted = false,
          polygon,
          segments,
          ring;

      var clip = {
        point: point,
        lineStart: lineStart,
        lineEnd: lineEnd,
        polygonStart: function() {
          clip.point = pointRing;
          clip.lineStart = ringStart;
          clip.lineEnd = ringEnd;
          segments = [];
          polygon = [];
        },
        polygonEnd: function() {
          clip.point = point;
          clip.lineStart = lineStart;
          clip.lineEnd = lineEnd;
          segments = merge(segments);
          var startInside = polygonContains(polygon, rotatedStart);
          if (segments.length) {
            if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
            clipPolygon(segments, compareIntersection, startInside, interpolate, sink);
          } else if (startInside) {
            if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
            sink.lineStart();
            interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
            sink.lineEnd();
          }
          if (polygonStarted) sink.polygonEnd(), polygonStarted = false;
          segments = polygon = null;
        },
        sphere: function() {
          sink.polygonStart();
          sink.lineStart();
          interpolate(null, null, 1, sink);
          sink.lineEnd();
          sink.polygonEnd();
        }
      };

      function point(lambda, phi) {
        var point = rotate(lambda, phi);
        if (pointVisible(lambda = point[0], phi = point[1])) sink.point(lambda, phi);
      }

      function pointLine(lambda, phi) {
        var point = rotate(lambda, phi);
        line.point(point[0], point[1]);
      }

      function lineStart() {
        clip.point = pointLine;
        line.lineStart();
      }

      function lineEnd() {
        clip.point = point;
        line.lineEnd();
      }

      function pointRing(lambda, phi) {
        ring.push([lambda, phi]);
        var point = rotate(lambda, phi);
        ringSink.point(point[0], point[1]);
      }

      function ringStart() {
        ringSink.lineStart();
        ring = [];
      }

      function ringEnd() {
        pointRing(ring[0][0], ring[0][1]);
        ringSink.lineEnd();

        var clean = ringSink.clean(),
            ringSegments = ringBuffer.result(),
            i, n = ringSegments.length, m,
            segment,
            point;

        ring.pop();
        polygon.push(ring);
        ring = null;

        if (!n) return;

        // No intersections.
        if (clean & 1) {
          segment = ringSegments[0];
          if ((m = segment.length - 1) > 0) {
            if (!polygonStarted) sink.polygonStart(), polygonStarted = true;
            sink.lineStart();
            for (i = 0; i < m; ++i) sink.point((point = segment[i])[0], point[1]);
            sink.lineEnd();
          }
          return;
        }

        // Rejoin connected segments.
        // TODO reuse ringBuffer.rejoin()?
        if (n > 1 && clean & 2) ringSegments.push(ringSegments.pop().concat(ringSegments.shift()));

        segments.push(ringSegments.filter(validSegment));
      }

      return clip;
    };
  }

  function validSegment(segment) {
    return segment.length > 1;
  }

  // Intersections are sorted along the clip edge. For both antimeridian cutting
  // and circle clipping, the same comparison is used.
  function compareIntersection(a, b) {
    return ((a = a.x)[0] < 0 ? a[1] - halfPi$3 - epsilon$4 : halfPi$3 - a[1])
         - ((b = b.x)[0] < 0 ? b[1] - halfPi$3 - epsilon$4 : halfPi$3 - b[1]);
  }

  var clipAntimeridian = clip(
    function() { return true; },
    clipAntimeridianLine,
    clipAntimeridianInterpolate,
    [-pi$4, -halfPi$3]
  );

  // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values: 0 - there were
  // intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no intersections; 2 - there were
  // intersections, and the first and last segments should be rejoined.
  function clipAntimeridianLine(stream) {
    var lambda0 = NaN,
        phi0 = NaN,
        sign0 = NaN,
        clean; // no intersections

    return {
      lineStart: function() {
        stream.lineStart();
        clean = 1;
      },
      point: function(lambda1, phi1) {
        var sign1 = lambda1 > 0 ? pi$4 : -pi$4,
            delta = abs(lambda1 - lambda0);
        if (abs(delta - pi$4) < epsilon$4) { // line crosses a pole
          stream.point(lambda0, phi0 = (phi0 + phi1) / 2 > 0 ? halfPi$3 : -halfPi$3);
          stream.point(sign0, phi0);
          stream.lineEnd();
          stream.lineStart();
          stream.point(sign1, phi0);
          stream.point(lambda1, phi0);
          clean = 0;
        } else if (sign0 !== sign1 && delta >= pi$4) { // line crosses antimeridian
          if (abs(lambda0 - sign0) < epsilon$4) lambda0 -= sign0 * epsilon$4; // handle degeneracies
          if (abs(lambda1 - sign1) < epsilon$4) lambda1 -= sign1 * epsilon$4;
          phi0 = clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1);
          stream.point(sign0, phi0);
          stream.lineEnd();
          stream.lineStart();
          stream.point(sign1, phi0);
          clean = 0;
        }
        stream.point(lambda0 = lambda1, phi0 = phi1);
        sign0 = sign1;
      },
      lineEnd: function() {
        stream.lineEnd();
        lambda0 = phi0 = NaN;
      },
      clean: function() {
        return 2 - clean; // if intersections, rejoin first and last segments
      }
    };
  }

  function clipAntimeridianIntersect(lambda0, phi0, lambda1, phi1) {
    var cosPhi0,
        cosPhi1,
        sinLambda0Lambda1 = sin$1(lambda0 - lambda1);
    return abs(sinLambda0Lambda1) > epsilon$4
        ? atan((sin$1(phi0) * (cosPhi1 = cos$1(phi1)) * sin$1(lambda1)
            - sin$1(phi1) * (cosPhi0 = cos$1(phi0)) * sin$1(lambda0))
            / (cosPhi0 * cosPhi1 * sinLambda0Lambda1))
        : (phi0 + phi1) / 2;
  }

  function clipAntimeridianInterpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
    var phi;
    if (from == null) {
      phi = direction * halfPi$3;
      stream.point(-pi$4, phi);
      stream.point(0, phi);
      stream.point(pi$4, phi);
      stream.point(pi$4, 0);
      stream.point(pi$4, -phi);
      stream.point(0, -phi);
      stream.point(-pi$4, -phi);
      stream.point(-pi$4, 0);
      stream.point(-pi$4, phi);
    } else if (abs(from[0] - to[0]) > epsilon$4) {
      var lambda = from[0] < to[0] ? pi$4 : -pi$4;
      phi = direction * lambda / 2;
      stream.point(-lambda, phi);
      stream.point(0, phi);
      stream.point(lambda, phi);
    } else {
      stream.point(to[0], to[1]);
    }
  }

  function clipCircle(radius, delta) {
    var cr = cos$1(radius),
        smallRadius = cr > 0,
        notHemisphere = abs(cr) > epsilon$4; // TODO optimise for this common case

    function interpolate(from, to, direction, stream) {
      circleStream(stream, radius, delta, direction, from, to);
    }

    function visible(lambda, phi) {
      return cos$1(lambda) * cos$1(phi) > cr;
    }

    // Takes a line and cuts into visible segments. Return values used for polygon
    // clipping: 0 - there were intersections or the line was empty; 1 - no
    // intersections 2 - there were intersections, and the first and last segments
    // should be rejoined.
    function clipLine(stream) {
      var point0, // previous point
          c0, // code for previous point
          v0, // visibility of previous point
          v00, // visibility of first point
          clean; // no intersections
      return {
        lineStart: function() {
          v00 = v0 = false;
          clean = 1;
        },
        point: function(lambda, phi) {
          var point1 = [lambda, phi],
              point2,
              v = visible(lambda, phi),
              c = smallRadius
                ? v ? 0 : code(lambda, phi)
                : v ? code(lambda + (lambda < 0 ? pi$4 : -pi$4), phi) : 0;
          if (!point0 && (v00 = v0 = v)) stream.lineStart();
          // Handle degeneracies.
          // TODO ignore if not clipping polygons.
          if (v !== v0) {
            point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
            if (pointEqual(point0, point2) || pointEqual(point1, point2)) {
              point1[0] += epsilon$4;
              point1[1] += epsilon$4;
              v = visible(point1[0], point1[1]);
            }
          }
          if (v !== v0) {
            clean = 0;
            if (v) {
              // outside going in
              stream.lineStart();
              point2 = intersect(point1, point0);
              stream.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
            } else {
              // inside going out
              point2 = intersect(point0, point1);
              stream.point(point2[0], point2[1]);
              stream.lineEnd();
            }
            point0 = point2;
          } else if (notHemisphere && point0 && smallRadius ^ v) {
            var t;
            // If the codes for two points are different, or are both zero,
            // and there this segment intersects with the small circle.
            if (!(c & c0) && (t = intersect(point1, point0, true))) {
              clean = 0;
              if (smallRadius) {
                stream.lineStart();
                stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
                stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
                stream.lineEnd();
              } else {
                stream.point(t[1][0], t[1][1]);
                stream.lineEnd();
                stream.lineStart();
                stream.point(t[0][0], t[0][1]);
              }
            }
          }
          if (v && (!point0 || !pointEqual(point0, point1))) {
            stream.point(point1[0], point1[1]);
          }
          point0 = point1, v0 = v, c0 = c;
        },
        lineEnd: function() {
          if (v0) stream.lineEnd();
          point0 = null;
        },
        // Rejoin first and last segments if there were intersections and the first
        // and last points were visible.
        clean: function() {
          return clean | ((v00 && v0) << 1);
        }
      };
    }

    // Intersects the great circle between a and b with the clip circle.
    function intersect(a, b, two) {
      var pa = cartesian(a),
          pb = cartesian(b);

      // We have two planes, n1.p = d1 and n2.p = d2.
      // Find intersection line p(t) = c1 n1 + c2 n2 + t (n1 ⨯ n2).
      var n1 = [1, 0, 0], // normal
          n2 = cartesianCross(pa, pb),
          n2n2 = cartesianDot(n2, n2),
          n1n2 = n2[0], // cartesianDot(n1, n2),
          determinant = n2n2 - n1n2 * n1n2;

      // Two polar points.
      if (!determinant) return !two && a;

      var c1 =  cr * n2n2 / determinant,
          c2 = -cr * n1n2 / determinant,
          n1xn2 = cartesianCross(n1, n2),
          A = cartesianScale(n1, c1),
          B = cartesianScale(n2, c2);
      cartesianAddInPlace(A, B);

      // Solve |p(t)|^2 = 1.
      var u = n1xn2,
          w = cartesianDot(A, u),
          uu = cartesianDot(u, u),
          t2 = w * w - uu * (cartesianDot(A, A) - 1);

      if (t2 < 0) return;

      var t = sqrt$1(t2),
          q = cartesianScale(u, (-w - t) / uu);
      cartesianAddInPlace(q, A);
      q = spherical(q);

      if (!two) return q;

      // Two intersection points.
      var lambda0 = a[0],
          lambda1 = b[0],
          phi0 = a[1],
          phi1 = b[1],
          z;

      if (lambda1 < lambda0) z = lambda0, lambda0 = lambda1, lambda1 = z;

      var delta = lambda1 - lambda0,
          polar = abs(delta - pi$4) < epsilon$4,
          meridian = polar || delta < epsilon$4;

      if (!polar && phi1 < phi0) z = phi0, phi0 = phi1, phi1 = z;

      // Check that the first point is between a and b.
      if (meridian
          ? polar
            ? phi0 + phi1 > 0 ^ q[1] < (abs(q[0] - lambda0) < epsilon$4 ? phi0 : phi1)
            : phi0 <= q[1] && q[1] <= phi1
          : delta > pi$4 ^ (lambda0 <= q[0] && q[0] <= lambda1)) {
        var q1 = cartesianScale(u, (-w + t) / uu);
        cartesianAddInPlace(q1, A);
        return [q, spherical(q1)];
      }
    }

    // Generates a 4-bit vector representing the location of a point relative to
    // the small circle's bounding box.
    function code(lambda, phi) {
      var r = smallRadius ? radius : pi$4 - radius,
          code = 0;
      if (lambda < -r) code |= 1; // left
      else if (lambda > r) code |= 2; // right
      if (phi < -r) code |= 4; // below
      else if (phi > r) code |= 8; // above
      return code;
    }

    return clip(visible, clipLine, interpolate, smallRadius ? [0, -radius] : [-pi$4, radius - pi$4]);
  }

  function transform$1(prototype) {
    return {
      stream: transform$2(prototype)
    };
  }

  function transform$2(prototype) {
    function T() {}
    var p = T.prototype = Object.create(Transform$1.prototype);
    for (var k in prototype) p[k] = prototype[k];
    return function(stream) {
      var t = new T;
      t.stream = stream;
      return t;
    };
  }

  function Transform$1() {}

  Transform$1.prototype = {
    point: function(x, y) { this.stream.point(x, y); },
    sphere: function() { this.stream.sphere(); },
    lineStart: function() { this.stream.lineStart(); },
    lineEnd: function() { this.stream.lineEnd(); },
    polygonStart: function() { this.stream.polygonStart(); },
    polygonEnd: function() { this.stream.polygonEnd(); }
  };

  var maxDepth = 16;
  var cosMinDistance = cos$1(30 * radians);
  // cos(minimum angular distance)

  function resample(project, delta2) {
    return +delta2 ? resample$1(project, delta2) : resampleNone(project);
  }

  function resampleNone(project) {
    return transform$2({
      point: function(x, y) {
        x = project(x, y);
        this.stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
      }
    });
  }

  function resample$1(project, delta2) {

    function resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream) {
      var dx = x1 - x0,
          dy = y1 - y0,
          d2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
      if (d2 > 4 * delta2 && depth--) {
        var a = a0 + a1,
            b = b0 + b1,
            c = c0 + c1,
            m = sqrt$1(a * a + b * b + c * c),
            phi2 = asin$1(c /= m),
            lambda2 = abs(abs(c) - 1) < epsilon$4 || abs(lambda0 - lambda1) < epsilon$4 ? (lambda0 + lambda1) / 2 : atan2(b, a),
            p = project(lambda2, phi2),
            x2 = p[0],
            y2 = p[1],
            dx2 = x2 - x0,
            dy2 = y2 - y0,
            dz = dy * dx2 - dx * dy2;
        if (dz * dz / d2 > delta2 // perpendicular projected distance
            || abs((dx * dx2 + dy * dy2) / d2 - 0.5) > 0.3 // midpoint close to an end
            || a0 * a1 + b0 * b1 + c0 * c1 < cosMinDistance) { // angular distance
          resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x2, y2, lambda2, a /= m, b /= m, c, depth, stream);
          stream.point(x2, y2);
          resampleLineTo(x2, y2, lambda2, a, b, c, x1, y1, lambda1, a1, b1, c1, depth, stream);
        }
      }
    }
    return function(stream) {
      var lambda00, x00, y00, a00, b00, c00, // first point
          lambda0, x0, y0, a0, b0, c0; // previous point

      var resampleStream = {
        point: point,
        lineStart: lineStart,
        lineEnd: lineEnd,
        polygonStart: function() { stream.polygonStart(); resampleStream.lineStart = ringStart; },
        polygonEnd: function() { stream.polygonEnd(); resampleStream.lineStart = lineStart; }
      };

      function point(x, y) {
        x = project(x, y);
        stream.point(x[0], x[1]);
      }

      function lineStart() {
        x0 = NaN;
        resampleStream.point = linePoint;
        stream.lineStart();
      }

      function linePoint(lambda, phi) {
        var c = cartesian([lambda, phi]), p = project(lambda, phi);
        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x0 = p[0], y0 = p[1], lambda0 = lambda, a0 = c[0], b0 = c[1], c0 = c[2], maxDepth, stream);
        stream.point(x0, y0);
      }

      function lineEnd() {
        resampleStream.point = point;
        stream.lineEnd();
      }

      function ringStart() {
        lineStart();
        resampleStream.point = ringPoint;
        resampleStream.lineEnd = ringEnd;
      }

      function ringPoint(lambda, phi) {
        linePoint(lambda00 = lambda, phi), x00 = x0, y00 = y0, a00 = a0, b00 = b0, c00 = c0;
        resampleStream.point = linePoint;
      }

      function ringEnd() {
        resampleLineTo(x0, y0, lambda0, a0, b0, c0, x00, y00, lambda00, a00, b00, c00, maxDepth, stream);
        resampleStream.lineEnd = lineEnd;
        lineEnd();
      }

      return resampleStream;
    };
  }

  var transformRadians = transform$2({
    point: function(x, y) {
      this.stream.point(x * radians, y * radians);
    }
  });

  function projection(project) {
    return projectionMutator(function() { return project; })();
  }

  function projectionMutator(projectAt) {
    var project,
        k = 150, // scale
        x = 480, y = 250, // translate
        dx, dy, lambda = 0, phi = 0, // center
        deltaLambda = 0, deltaPhi = 0, deltaGamma = 0, rotate, projectRotate, // rotate
        theta = null, preclip = clipAntimeridian, // clip angle
        x0 = null, y0, x1, y1, postclip = identity$7, // clip extent
        delta2 = 0.5, projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2), // precision
        cache,
        cacheStream;

    function projection(point) {
      point = projectRotate(point[0] * radians, point[1] * radians);
      return [point[0] * k + dx, dy - point[1] * k];
    }

    function invert(point) {
      point = projectRotate.invert((point[0] - dx) / k, (dy - point[1]) / k);
      return point && [point[0] * degrees$1, point[1] * degrees$1];
    }

    function projectTransform(x, y) {
      return x = project(x, y), [x[0] * k + dx, dy - x[1] * k];
    }

    projection.stream = function(stream) {
      return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = transformRadians(preclip(rotate, projectResample(postclip(cacheStream = stream))));
    };

    projection.clipAngle = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (preclip = +_ ? clipCircle(theta = _ * radians, 6 * radians) : (theta = null, clipAntimeridian), reset()) : theta * degrees$1;
    };

    projection.clipExtent = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (postclip = _ == null ? (x0 = y0 = x1 = y1 = null, identity$7) : clipExtent(x0 = +_[0][0], y0 = +_[0][1], x1 = +_[1][0], y1 = +_[1][1]), reset()) : x0 == null ? null : [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]];
    };

    projection.scale = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (k = +_, recenter()) : k;
    };

    projection.translate = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (x = +_[0], y = +_[1], recenter()) : [x, y];
    };

    projection.center = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (lambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, phi = _[1] % 360 * radians, recenter()) : [lambda * degrees$1, phi * degrees$1];
    };

    projection.rotate = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (deltaLambda = _[0] % 360 * radians, deltaPhi = _[1] % 360 * radians, deltaGamma = _.length > 2 ? _[2] % 360 * radians : 0, recenter()) : [deltaLambda * degrees$1, deltaPhi * degrees$1, deltaGamma * degrees$1];
    };

    projection.precision = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (projectResample = resample(projectTransform, delta2 = _ * _), reset()) : sqrt$1(delta2);
    };

    function recenter() {
      projectRotate = compose(rotate = rotateRadians(deltaLambda, deltaPhi, deltaGamma), project);
      var center = project(lambda, phi);
      dx = x - center[0] * k;
      dy = y + center[1] * k;
      return reset();
    }

    function reset() {
      cache = cacheStream = null;
      return projection;
    }

    return function() {
      project = projectAt.apply(this, arguments);
      projection.invert = project.invert && invert;
      return recenter();
    };
  }

  function conicProjection(projectAt) {
    var phi0 = 0,
        phi1 = pi$4 / 3,
        m = projectionMutator(projectAt),
        p = m(phi0, phi1);

    p.parallels = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? m(phi0 = _[0] * radians, phi1 = _[1] * radians) : [phi0 * degrees$1, phi1 * degrees$1];
    };

    return p;
  }

  function conicEqualAreaRaw(y0, y1) {
    var sy0 = sin$1(y0),
        n = (sy0 + sin$1(y1)) / 2,
        c = 1 + sy0 * (2 * n - sy0),
        r0 = sqrt$1(c) / n;

    function project(x, y) {
      var r = sqrt$1(c - 2 * n * sin$1(y)) / n;
      return [r * sin$1(x *= n), r0 - r * cos$1(x)];
    }

    project.invert = function(x, y) {
      var r0y = r0 - y;
      return [atan2(x, r0y) / n, asin$1((c - (x * x + r0y * r0y) * n * n) / (2 * n))];
    };

    return project;
  }

  function conicEqualArea() {
    return conicProjection(conicEqualAreaRaw)
        .scale(155.424)
        .center([0, 33.6442]);
  }

  function albers() {
    return conicEqualArea()
        .parallels([29.5, 45.5])
        .scale(1070)
        .translate([480, 250])
        .rotate([96, 0])
        .center([-0.6, 38.7]);
  }

  // The projections must have mutually exclusive clip regions on the sphere,
  // as this will avoid emitting interleaving lines and polygons.
  function multiplex(streams) {
    var n = streams.length;
    return {
      point: function(x, y) { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].point(x, y); },
      sphere: function() { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].sphere(); },
      lineStart: function() { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].lineStart(); },
      lineEnd: function() { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].lineEnd(); },
      polygonStart: function() { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].polygonStart(); },
      polygonEnd: function() { var i = -1; while (++i < n) streams[i].polygonEnd(); }
    };
  }

  // A composite projection for the United States, configured by default for
  // 960×500. The projection also works quite well at 960×600 if you change the
  // scale to 1285 and adjust the translate accordingly. The set of standard
  // parallels for each region comes from USGS, which is published here:
  // http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/MapProjections/projections.html#albers
  function albersUsa() {
    var cache,
        cacheStream,
        lower48 = albers(), lower48Point,
        alaska = conicEqualArea().rotate([154, 0]).center([-2, 58.5]).parallels([55, 65]), alaskaPoint, // EPSG:3338
        hawaii = conicEqualArea().rotate([157, 0]).center([-3, 19.9]).parallels([8, 18]), hawaiiPoint, // ESRI:102007
        point, pointStream = {point: function(x, y) { point = [x, y]; }};

    function albersUsa(coordinates) {
      var x = coordinates[0], y = coordinates[1];
      return point = null,
          (lower48Point.point(x, y), point)
          || (alaskaPoint.point(x, y), point)
          || (hawaiiPoint.point(x, y), point);
    }

    albersUsa.invert = function(coordinates) {
      var k = lower48.scale(),
          t = lower48.translate(),
          x = (coordinates[0] - t[0]) / k,
          y = (coordinates[1] - t[1]) / k;
      return (y >= 0.120 && y < 0.234 && x >= -0.425 && x < -0.214 ? alaska
          : y >= 0.166 && y < 0.234 && x >= -0.214 && x < -0.115 ? hawaii
          : lower48).invert(coordinates);
    };

    albersUsa.stream = function(stream) {
      return cache && cacheStream === stream ? cache : cache = multiplex([lower48.stream(cacheStream = stream), alaska.stream(stream), hawaii.stream(stream)]);
    };

    albersUsa.precision = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.precision();
      lower48.precision(_), alaska.precision(_), hawaii.precision(_);
      return albersUsa;
    };

    albersUsa.scale = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.scale();
      lower48.scale(_), alaska.scale(_ * 0.35), hawaii.scale(_);
      return albersUsa.translate(lower48.translate());
    };

    albersUsa.translate = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return lower48.translate();
      var k = lower48.scale(), x = +_[0], y = +_[1];

      lower48Point = lower48
          .translate(_)
          .clipExtent([[x - 0.455 * k, y - 0.238 * k], [x + 0.455 * k, y + 0.238 * k]])
          .stream(pointStream);

      alaskaPoint = alaska
          .translate([x - 0.307 * k, y + 0.201 * k])
          .clipExtent([[x - 0.425 * k + epsilon$4, y + 0.120 * k + epsilon$4], [x - 0.214 * k - epsilon$4, y + 0.234 * k - epsilon$4]])
          .stream(pointStream);

      hawaiiPoint = hawaii
          .translate([x - 0.205 * k, y + 0.212 * k])
          .clipExtent([[x - 0.214 * k + epsilon$4, y + 0.166 * k + epsilon$4], [x - 0.115 * k - epsilon$4, y + 0.234 * k - epsilon$4]])
          .stream(pointStream);

      return albersUsa;
    };

    return albersUsa.scale(1070);
  }

  function azimuthalRaw(scale) {
    return function(x, y) {
      var cx = cos$1(x),
          cy = cos$1(y),
          k = scale(cx * cy);
      return [
        k * cy * sin$1(x),
        k * sin$1(y)
      ];
    }
  }

  function azimuthalInvert(angle) {
    return function(x, y) {
      var z = sqrt$1(x * x + y * y),
          c = angle(z),
          sc = sin$1(c),
          cc = cos$1(c);
      return [
        atan2(x * sc, z * cc),
        asin$1(z && y * sc / z)
      ];
    }
  }

  var azimuthalEqualAreaRaw = azimuthalRaw(function(cxcy) {
    return sqrt$1(2 / (1 + cxcy));
  });

  azimuthalEqualAreaRaw.invert = azimuthalInvert(function(z) {
    return 2 * asin$1(z / 2);
  });

  function azimuthalEqualArea() {
    return projection(azimuthalEqualAreaRaw)
        .scale(124.75)
        .clipAngle(180 - 1e-3);
  }

  var azimuthalEquidistantRaw = azimuthalRaw(function(c) {
    return (c = acos(c)) && c / sin$1(c);
  });

  azimuthalEquidistantRaw.invert = azimuthalInvert(function(z) {
    return z;
  });

  function azimuthalEquidistant() {
    return projection(azimuthalEquidistantRaw)
        .scale(79.4188)
        .clipAngle(180 - 1e-3);
  }

  function mercatorRaw(lambda, phi) {
    return [lambda, log$1(tan((halfPi$3 + phi) / 2))];
  }

  mercatorRaw.invert = function(x, y) {
    return [x, 2 * atan(exp(y)) - halfPi$3];
  };

  function mercator() {
    return mercatorProjection(mercatorRaw)
        .scale(961 / tau$4);
  }

  function mercatorProjection(project) {
    var m = projection(project),
        scale = m.scale,
        translate = m.translate,
        clipExtent = m.clipExtent,
        clipAuto;

    m.scale = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (scale(_), clipAuto && m.clipExtent(null), m) : scale();
    };

    m.translate = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? (translate(_), clipAuto && m.clipExtent(null), m) : translate();
    };

    m.clipExtent = function(_) {
      if (!arguments.length) return clipAuto ? null : clipExtent();
      if (clipAuto = _ == null) {
        var k = pi$4 * scale(),
            t = translate();
        _ = [[t[0] - k, t[1] - k], [t[0] + k, t[1] + k]];
      }
      clipExtent(_);
      return m;
    };

    return m.clipExtent(null);
  }

  function tany(y) {
    return tan((halfPi$3 + y) / 2);
  }

  function conicConformalRaw(y0, y1) {
    var cy0 = cos$1(y0),
        n = y0 === y1 ? sin$1(y0) : log$1(cy0 / cos$1(y1)) / log$1(tany(y1) / tany(y0)),
        f = cy0 * pow$1(tany(y0), n) / n;

    if (!n) return mercatorRaw;

    function project(x, y) {
      if (f > 0) { if (y < -halfPi$3 + epsilon$4) y = -halfPi$3 + epsilon$4; }
      else { if (y > halfPi$3 - epsilon$4) y = halfPi$3 - epsilon$4; }
      var r = f / pow$1(tany(y), n);
      return [r * sin$1(n * x), f - r * cos$1(n * x)];
    }

    project.invert = function(x, y) {
      var fy = f - y, r = sign$1(n) * sqrt$1(x * x + fy * fy);
      return [atan2(x, fy) / n, 2 * atan(pow$1(f / r, 1 / n)) - halfPi$3];
    };

    return project;
  }

  function conicConformal() {
    return conicProjection(conicConformalRaw)
        .scale(109.5)
        .parallels([30, 30]);
  }

  function equirectangularRaw(lambda, phi) {
    return [lambda, phi];
  }

  equirectangularRaw.invert = equirectangularRaw;

  function equirectangular() {
    return projection(equirectangularRaw)
        .scale(152.63);
  }

  function conicEquidistantRaw(y0, y1) {
    var cy0 = cos$1(y0),
        n = y0 === y1 ? sin$1(y0) : (cy0 - cos$1(y1)) / (y1 - y0),
        g = cy0 / n + y0;

    if (abs(n) < epsilon$4) return equirectangularRaw;

    function project(x, y) {
      var gy = g - y, nx = n * x;
      return [gy * sin$1(nx), g - gy * cos$1(nx)];
    }

    project.invert = function(x, y) {
      var gy = g - y;
      return [atan2(x, gy) / n, g - sign$1(n) * sqrt$1(x * x + gy * gy)];
    };

    return project;
  }

  function conicEquidistant() {
    return conicProjection(conicEquidistantRaw)
        .scale(131.154)
        .center([0, 13.9389]);
  }

  function gnomonicRaw(x, y) {
    var cy = cos$1(y), k = cos$1(x) * cy;
    return [cy * sin$1(x) / k, sin$1(y) / k];
  }

  gnomonicRaw.invert = azimuthalInvert(atan);

  function gnomonic() {
    return projection(gnomonicRaw)
        .scale(144.049)
        .clipAngle(60);
  }

  function orthographicRaw(x, y) {
    return [cos$1(y) * sin$1(x), sin$1(y)];
  }

  orthographicRaw.invert = azimuthalInvert(asin$1);

  function orthographic() {
    return projection(orthographicRaw)
        .scale(249.5)
        .clipAngle(90 + epsilon$4);
  }

  function stereographicRaw(x, y) {
    var cy = cos$1(y), k = 1 + cos$1(x) * cy;
    return [cy * sin$1(x) / k, sin$1(y) / k];
  }

  stereographicRaw.invert = azimuthalInvert(function(z) {
    return 2 + atan(z);
  });

  function stereographic() {
    return projection(stereographicRaw)
        .scale(250)
        .clipAngle(142);
  }

  function transverseMercatorRaw(lambda, phi) {
    return [log$1(tan((halfPi$3 + phi) / 2)), -lambda];
  }

  transverseMercatorRaw.invert = function(x, y) {
    return [-y, 2 * atan(exp(x)) - halfPi$3];
  };

  function transverseMercator() {
    var m = mercatorProjection(transverseMercatorRaw),
        center = m.center,
        rotate = m.rotate;

    m.center = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? center([-_[1], _[0]]) : (_ = center(), [_[1], -_[0]]);
    };

    m.rotate = function(_) {
      return arguments.length ? rotate([_[0], _[1], _.length > 2 ? _[2] + 90 : 90]) : (_ = rotate(), [_[0], _[1], _[2] - 90]);
    };

    return rotate([0, 0, 90])
        .scale(159.155);
  }

  exports.version = version;
  exports.bisect = bisectRight;
  exports.bisectRight = bisectRight;
  exports.bisectLeft = bisectLeft;
  exports.ascending = ascending;
  exports.bisector = bisector;
  exports.descending = descending;
  exports.deviation = deviation;
  exports.extent = extent;
  exports.histogram = histogram;
  exports.thresholdFreedmanDiaconis = freedmanDiaconis;
  exports.thresholdScott = scott;
  exports.thresholdSturges = sturges;
  exports.max = max;
  exports.mean = mean;
  exports.median = median;
  exports.merge = merge;
  exports.min = min;
  exports.pairs = pairs;
  exports.permute = permute;
  exports.quantile = threshold;
  exports.range = range;
  exports.scan = scan;
  exports.shuffle = shuffle;
  exports.sum = sum;
  exports.ticks = ticks;
  exports.tickStep = tickStep;
  exports.transpose = transpose;
  exports.variance = variance;
  exports.zip = zip;
  exports.entries = entries;
  exports.keys = keys;
  exports.values = values;
  exports.map = map$1;
  exports.set = set;
  exports.nest = nest;
  exports.randomUniform = uniform;
  exports.randomNormal = normal;
  exports.randomLogNormal = logNormal;
  exports.randomBates = bates;
  exports.randomIrwinHall = irwinHall;
  exports.randomExponential = exponential;
  exports.easeLinear = linear;
  exports.easeQuad = quadInOut;
  exports.easeQuadIn = quadIn;
  exports.easeQuadOut = quadOut;
  exports.easeQuadInOut = quadInOut;
  exports.easeCubic = easeCubicInOut;
  exports.easeCubicIn = cubicIn;
  exports.easeCubicOut = cubicOut;
  exports.easeCubicInOut = easeCubicInOut;
  exports.easePoly = polyInOut;
  exports.easePolyIn = polyIn;
  exports.easePolyOut = polyOut;
  exports.easePolyInOut = polyInOut;
  exports.easeSin = sinInOut;
  exports.easeSinIn = sinIn;
  exports.easeSinOut = sinOut;
  exports.easeSinInOut = sinInOut;
  exports.easeExp = expInOut;
  exports.easeExpIn = expIn;
  exports.easeExpOut = expOut;
  exports.easeExpInOut = expInOut;
  exports.easeCircle = circleInOut;
  exports.easeCircleIn = circleIn;
  exports.easeCircleOut = circleOut;
  exports.easeCircleInOut = circleInOut;
  exports.easeBounce = bounceOut;
  exports.easeBounceIn = bounceIn;
  exports.easeBounceOut = bounceOut;
  exports.easeBounceInOut = bounceInOut;
  exports.easeBack = backInOut;
  exports.easeBackIn = backIn;
  exports.easeBackOut = backOut;
  exports.easeBackInOut = backInOut;
  exports.easeElastic = elasticOut;
  exports.easeElasticIn = elasticIn;
  exports.easeElasticOut = elasticOut;
  exports.easeElasticInOut = elasticInOut;
  exports.polygonArea = area;
  exports.polygonCentroid = centroid;
  exports.polygonHull = hull;
  exports.polygonContains = contains;
  exports.polygonLength = length$1;
  exports.path = path;
  exports.quadtree = quadtree;
  exports.queue = queue;
  exports.arc = arc;
  exports.area = area$1;
  exports.line = line;
  exports.pie = pie;
  exports.radialArea = radialArea;
  exports.radialLine = radialLine$1;
  exports.symbol = symbol;
  exports.symbols = symbols;
  exports.symbolCircle = circle;
  exports.symbolCross = cross$1;
  exports.symbolDiamond = diamond;
  exports.symbolSquare = square;
  exports.symbolStar = star;
  exports.symbolTriangle = triangle;
  exports.symbolWye = wye;
  exports.curveBasisClosed = basisClosed;
  exports.curveBasisOpen = basisOpen;
  exports.curveBasis = basis;
  exports.curveBundle = bundle;
  exports.curveCardinalClosed = cardinalClosed;
  exports.curveCardinalOpen = cardinalOpen;
  exports.curveCardinal = cardinal;
  exports.curveCatmullRomClosed = catmullRomClosed;
  exports.curveCatmullRomOpen = catmullRomOpen;
  exports.curveCatmullRom = catmullRom;
  exports.curveLinearClosed = linearClosed;
  exports.curveLinear = curveLinear;
  exports.curveMonotoneX = monotoneX;
  exports.curveMonotoneY = monotoneY;
  exports.curveNatural = natural;
  exports.curveStep = step;
  exports.curveStepAfter = stepAfter;
  exports.curveStepBefore = stepBefore;
  exports.stack = stack;
  exports.stackOffsetExpand = expand;
  exports.stackOffsetNone = none;
  exports.stackOffsetSilhouette = silhouette;
  exports.stackOffsetWiggle = wiggle;
  exports.stackOrderAscending = ascending$1;
  exports.stackOrderDescending = descending$2;
  exports.stackOrderInsideOut = insideOut;
  exports.stackOrderNone = none$1;
  exports.stackOrderReverse = reverse;
  exports.color = color;
  exports.rgb = colorRgb;
  exports.hsl = colorHsl;
  exports.lab = lab;
  exports.hcl = colorHcl;
  exports.cubehelix = cubehelix;
  exports.interpolate = interpolate;
  exports.interpolateArray = array$1;
  exports.interpolateDate = date;
  exports.interpolateNumber = interpolateNumber;
  exports.interpolateObject = object;
  exports.interpolateRound = interpolateRound;
  exports.interpolateString = interpolateString;
  exports.interpolateTransformCss = interpolateTransform$1;
  exports.interpolateTransformSvg = interpolateTransform$2;
  exports.interpolateZoom = interpolateZoom;
  exports.interpolateRgb = interpolateRgb;
  exports.interpolateRgbBasis = rgbBasis;
  exports.interpolateRgbBasisClosed = rgbBasisClosed;
  exports.interpolateHsl = hsl$1;
  exports.interpolateHslLong = hslLong;
  exports.interpolateLab = lab$1;
  exports.interpolateHcl = hcl$1;
  exports.interpolateHclLong = hclLong;
  exports.interpolateCubehelix = cubehelix$2;
  exports.interpolateCubehelixLong = interpolateCubehelixLong;
  exports.interpolateBasis = basis$2;
  exports.interpolateBasisClosed = basisClosed$1;
  exports.quantize = quantize;
  exports.dispatch = dispatch;
  exports.dsvFormat = dsv;
  exports.csvParse = csvParse;
  exports.csvParseRows = csvParseRows;
  exports.csvFormat = csvFormat;
  exports.csvFormatRows = csvFormatRows;
  exports.tsvParse = tsvParse;
  exports.tsvParseRows = tsvParseRows;
  exports.tsvFormat = tsvFormat;
  exports.tsvFormatRows = tsvFormatRows;
  exports.request = request;
  exports.html = html;
  exports.json = json;
  exports.text = text;
  exports.xml = xml;
  exports.csv = csv$1;
  exports.tsv = tsv$1;
  exports.now = now;
  exports.timer = timer;
  exports.timerFlush = timerFlush;
  exports.timeout = timeout$1;
  exports.interval = interval$1;
  exports.timeInterval = newInterval;
  exports.timeMillisecond = millisecond;
  exports.timeMilliseconds = milliseconds;
  exports.timeSecond = second;
  exports.timeSeconds = seconds;
  exports.timeMinute = minute;
  exports.timeMinutes = minutes;
  exports.timeHour = hour;
  exports.timeHours = hours;
  exports.timeDay = day;
  exports.timeDays = days;
  exports.timeWeek = timeWeek;
  exports.timeWeeks = sundays;
  exports.timeSunday = timeWeek;
  exports.timeSundays = sundays;
  exports.timeMonday = timeMonday;
  exports.timeMondays = mondays;
  exports.timeTuesday = tuesday;
  exports.timeTuesdays = tuesdays;
  exports.timeWednesday = wednesday;
  exports.timeWednesdays = wednesdays;
  exports.timeThursday = thursday;
  exports.timeThursdays = thursdays;
  exports.timeFriday = friday;
  exports.timeFridays = fridays;
  exports.timeSaturday = saturday;
  exports.timeSaturdays = saturdays;
  exports.timeMonth = month;
  exports.timeMonths = months;
  exports.timeYear = year;
  exports.timeYears = years;
  exports.utcMillisecond = millisecond;
  exports.utcMilliseconds = milliseconds;
  exports.utcSecond = second;
  exports.utcSeconds = seconds;
  exports.utcMinute = utcMinute;
  exports.utcMinutes = utcMinutes;
  exports.utcHour = utcHour;
  exports.utcHours = utcHours;
  exports.utcDay = utcDay;
  exports.utcDays = utcDays;
  exports.utcWeek = utcWeek;
  exports.utcWeeks = utcSundays;
  exports.utcSunday = utcWeek;
  exports.utcSundays = utcSundays;
  exports.utcMonday = utcMonday;
  exports.utcMondays = utcMondays;
  exports.utcTuesday = utcTuesday;
  exports.utcTuesdays = utcTuesdays;
  exports.utcWednesday = utcWednesday;
  exports.utcWednesdays = utcWednesdays;
  exports.utcThursday = utcThursday;
  exports.utcThursdays = utcThursdays;
  exports.utcFriday = utcFriday;
  exports.utcFridays = utcFridays;
  exports.utcSaturday = utcSaturday;
  exports.utcSaturdays = utcSaturdays;
  exports.utcMonth = utcMonth;
  exports.utcMonths = utcMonths;
  exports.utcYear = utcYear;
  exports.utcYears = utcYears;
  exports.formatLocale = formatLocale;
  exports.formatDefaultLocale = defaultLocale;
  exports.formatSpecifier = formatSpecifier;
  exports.precisionFixed = precisionFixed;
  exports.precisionPrefix = precisionPrefix;
  exports.precisionRound = precisionRound;
  exports.isoFormat = formatIso;
  exports.isoParse = parseIso;
  exports.timeFormatLocale = formatLocale$1;
  exports.timeFormatDefaultLocale = defaultLocale$1;
  exports.scaleBand = band;
  exports.scalePoint = point$4;
  exports.scaleIdentity = identity$4;
  exports.scaleLinear = linear$2;
  exports.scaleLog = log;
  exports.scaleOrdinal = ordinal;
  exports.scaleImplicit = implicit;
  exports.scalePow = pow;
  exports.scaleSqrt = sqrt;
  exports.scaleQuantile = quantile;
  exports.scaleQuantize = quantize$1;
  exports.scaleThreshold = threshold$1;
  exports.scaleTime = time;
  exports.scaleUtc = utcTime;
  exports.schemeCategory10 = category10;
  exports.schemeCategory20b = category20b;
  exports.schemeCategory20c = category20c;
  exports.schemeCategory20 = category20;
  exports.scaleSequential = sequential;
  exports.interpolateCubehelixDefault = cubehelix$3;
  exports.interpolateRainbow = rainbow$1;
  exports.interpolateWarm = warm;
  exports.interpolateCool = cool;
  exports.interpolateViridis = viridis;
  exports.interpolateMagma = magma;
  exports.interpolateInferno = inferno;
  exports.interpolatePlasma = plasma;
  exports.creator = creator;
  exports.customEvent = customEvent;
  exports.local = local;
  exports.matcher = matcher$1;
  exports.mouse = mouse;
  exports.namespace = namespace;
  exports.namespaces = namespaces;
  exports.select = select;
  exports.selectAll = selectAll;
  exports.selection = selection;
  exports.selector = selector;
  exports.selectorAll = selectorAll;
  exports.touch = touch;
  exports.touches = touches;
  exports.window = window;
  exports.active = active;
  exports.interrupt = interrupt;
  exports.transition = transition;
  exports.axisTop = axisTop;
  exports.axisRight = axisRight;
  exports.axisBottom = axisBottom;
  exports.axisLeft = axisLeft;
  exports.cluster = cluster;
  exports.hierarchy = hierarchy;
  exports.pack = index;
  exports.packSiblings = siblings;
  exports.packEnclose = enclose;
  exports.partition = partition;
  exports.stratify = stratify;
  exports.tree = tree;
  exports.treemap = index$1;
  exports.treemapBinary = binary;
  exports.treemapDice = treemapDice;
  exports.treemapSlice = treemapSlice;
  exports.treemapSliceDice = sliceDice;
  exports.treemapSquarify = squarify;
  exports.treemapResquarify = resquarify;
  exports.forceCenter = center$1;
  exports.forceCollide = collide;
  exports.forceLink = link;
  exports.forceManyBody = manyBody;
  exports.forceSimulation = simulation;
  exports.forceX = x$3;
  exports.forceY = y$3;
  exports.drag = drag;
  exports.dragDisable = dragDisable;
  exports.dragEnable = dragEnable;
  exports.voronoi = voronoi;
  exports.zoom = zoom;
  exports.zoomIdentity = identity$6;
  exports.zoomTransform = transform;
  exports.brush = brush;
  exports.brushX = brushX;
  exports.brushY = brushY;
  exports.brushSelection = brushSelection;
  exports.chord = chord;
  exports.ribbon = ribbon;
  exports.geoAlbers = albers;
  exports.geoAlbersUsa = albersUsa;
  exports.geoArea = area$2;
  exports.geoAzimuthalEqualArea = azimuthalEqualArea;
  exports.geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw = azimuthalEqualAreaRaw;
  exports.geoAzimuthalEquidistant = azimuthalEquidistant;
  exports.geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw = azimuthalEquidistantRaw;
  exports.geoBounds = bounds;
  exports.geoCentroid = centroid$1;
  exports.geoCircle = circle$1;
  exports.geoClipExtent = extent$1;
  exports.geoConicConformal = conicConformal;
  exports.geoConicConformalRaw = conicConformalRaw;
  exports.geoConicEqualArea = conicEqualArea;
  exports.geoConicEqualAreaRaw = conicEqualAreaRaw;
  exports.geoConicEquidistant = conicEquidistant;
  exports.geoConicEquidistantRaw = conicEquidistantRaw;
  exports.geoDistance = distance;
  exports.geoEquirectangular = equirectangular;
  exports.geoEquirectangularRaw = equirectangularRaw;
  exports.geoGnomonic = gnomonic;
  exports.geoGnomonicRaw = gnomonicRaw;
  exports.geoGraticule = graticule;
  exports.geoInterpolate = interpolate$2;
  exports.geoLength = length$2;
  exports.geoMercator = mercator;
  exports.geoMercatorRaw = mercatorRaw;
  exports.geoOrthographic = orthographic;
  exports.geoOrthographicRaw = orthographicRaw;
  exports.geoPath = index$3;
  exports.geoProjection = projection;
  exports.geoProjectionMutator = projectionMutator;
  exports.geoRotation = rotation;
  exports.geoStereographic = stereographic;
  exports.geoStereographicRaw = stereographicRaw;
  exports.geoStream = stream;
  exports.geoTransform = transform$1;
  exports.geoTransverseMercator = transverseMercator;
  exports.geoTransverseMercatorRaw = transverseMercatorRaw;

  Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });

}));


// https://github.com/1wheel/d3-jetpack-module Version 0.0.3. Copyright 2016 Adam Pearce.
(function (global, factory) {
  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports, require('d3-selection'), require('d3-transition'), require('d3-axis'), require('d3-scale')) :
  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports', 'd3-selection', 'd3-transition', 'd3-axis', 'd3-scale'], factory) :
  (factory((global.d3 = global.d3 || {}),global.d3,global.d3,global.d3,global.d3));
}(this, function (exports,d3Selection,d3Transition,d3Axis,d3Scale) { 'use strict';

  function translateSelection(xy) {
    return this.attr('transform', function(d,i) {
      return 'translate('+[typeof xy == 'function' ? xy.call(this, d,i) : xy]+')';
    });
  };

  function parseAttributes(name) {
    if (typeof name === "string") {
      var attr = {},
        parts = name.split(/([\.#])/g), p;
        name = parts.shift();
      while ((p = parts.shift())) {
        if (p == '.') attr['class'] = attr['class'] ? attr['class'] + ' ' + parts.shift() : parts.shift();
        else if (p == '#') attr.id = parts.shift();
      }
      return {tag: name, attr: attr};
    }
    return name;
  }

  function append(name) {
    var n = parseAttributes(name), s;
    name = d3Selection.creator(n.tag);
    s = this.select(function() {
      return this.appendChild(name.apply(this, arguments));
    });

    //attrs not provided by default in v4
    for (var key in n.attr) { s.attr(key, n.attr[key]) }
    return s;
  };

  function tspans(lines, lh) {
    return this.selectAll('tspan')
        .data(lines).enter()
      .append('tspan')
        .text(function(d) { return d; })
        .attr('x', 0)
        .attr('dy', function(d, i) { return i ? lh || 15 : 0; });
  };

  function appendMany(data, name){
    return this.selectAll(null).data(data).enter().append(name);
  };

  function at(name, value) {
    if (typeof(name) == 'object'){
      for (var key in name) { this.attr(key, name[key]) }
      return this
    } else{
      return arguments.length == 1 ? this.attr(name) : this.attr(name, value)
    }
  };

  function wordwrap(line, maxCharactersPerLine) {
    var w = line.split(' '),
      lines = [],
      words = [],
      maxChars = maxCharactersPerLine || 40,
      l = 0;

    w.forEach(function(d) {
      if (l+d.length > maxChars) {
        lines.push(words.join(' '));
        words.length = 0;
        l = 0;
      }
      l += d.length;
      words.push(d);
    });
    if (words.length) {
      lines.push(words.join(' '));
    }
    return lines.filter(function(d){ return d != '' });
  };

  function f(){
    var functions = arguments;
    
    //convert all string arguments into field accessors
    var i = 0, l = functions.length;
    while (i < l) {
      if (typeof(functions[i]) === 'string' || typeof(functions[i]) === 'number'){
        functions[i] = (function(str){ return function(d){ return d[str] }; })(functions[i])
      }
      i++;
    }

     //return composition of functions
    return function(d) {
      var i=0, l = functions.length;
      while (i++ < l) d = functions[i-1].call(this, d);
      return d;
    };
  };

  function ascendingKey(key) {
    return typeof key == 'function' ? function (a, b) {
      return key(a) < key(b) ? -1 : key(a) > key(b) ? 1 : key(a) >= key(b) ? 0 : NaN;
    } : function (a, b) {
      return a[key] < b[key] ? -1 : a[key] > b[key] ? 1 : a[key] >= b[key] ? 0 : NaN;
    };
  };

  function descendingKey(key) {
    return typeof key == 'function' ? function (a, b) {
      return key(b) < key(a) ? -1 : key(b) > key(a) ? 1 : key(b) >= key(a) ? 0 : NaN;
    } : function (a, b) {
      return b[key] < a[key] ? -1 : b[key] > a[key] ? 1 : b[key] >= a[key] ? 0 : NaN;
    };
  };

  function conventions(c){
    c = c || {}

    c.margin = c.margin || {top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 20, left: 80}

    c.width  = c.width  || c.totalWidth  - c.margin.left - c.margin.right || 900
    c.height = c.height || c.totalHeight - c.margin.top - c.margin.bottom || 460

    c.totalWidth = c.width + c.margin.left + c.margin.right
    c.totalHeight = c.height + c.margin.top + c.margin.bottom

    c.parentSel = c.parentSel || d3Selection.select('body')

    c.rootsvg = c.parentSel.append('svg')

    c.svg = c.rootsvg
        .attr('width', c.totalWidth)
        .attr('height', c.totalHeight)
      .append('g')
        .attr('transform', 'translate(' + c.margin.left + ',' + c.margin.top + ')')

    c.x = c.x || d3Scale.scaleLinear().range([0, c.width])
    c.y = c.y || d3Scale.scaleLinear().range([c.height, 0])

    c.xAxis = c.xAxis || d3.axisBottom().scale(c.x)
    c.yAxis = c.yAxis || d3.axisLeft().scale(c.y)

    c.drawAxis = function(){
      c.svg.append('g')
          .attr('class', 'x axis')
          .attr('transform', 'translate(0,' + c.height + ')')
          .call(c.xAxis);

      c.svg.append('g')
          .attr('class', 'y axis')
          .call(c.yAxis);
    }
    
    return c
  }

  function attachTooltip(sel, tooltipSel, fieldFns){
    if (!sel.size()) return

    tooltipSel = tooltipSel || d3Selection.select('.tooltip')

    sel 
        .on('mouseover.attachTooltip', ttDisplay)
        .on('mousemove.attachTooltip', ttMove)
        .on('mouseout.attachTooltip',  ttHide)
        .on('click.attachTooltip', function(d){ console.log(d) })

    var d = sel.datum()
    fieldFns = fieldFns || d3.keys(d)
        .filter(function(str){
          return (typeof d[str] != 'object') && (d[str] != 'array')
        })
        .map(function(str){
          return function(d){ return str + ': <b>' + d[str] + '</b>'} })

    function ttDisplay(d){
      tooltipSel
          .classed('tooltip-hidden', false)
          .html('')
        .appendMany(fieldFns, 'div')
          .html(function(fn){ return fn(d) })

      d3.select(this).classed('tooltipped', true)
    }

    function ttMove(d){
      var tt = tooltipSel
      if (!tt.size()) return
      var e = d3.event,
        x = e.clientX,
        y = e.clientY,
        n = tt.node(),
        nBB = n.getBoundingClientRect(),
        doctop = (window.scrollY)? window.scrollY : (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.scrollTop)? document.documentElement.scrollTop : document.body.scrollTop;

      tt.style('top', (y+doctop-nBB.height-18)+'px');
      tt.style('left', Math.min(Math.max(20, (x-nBB.width/2)), window.innerWidth - nBB.width - 20)+'px');
    }

    function ttHide(d){
      tooltipSel.classed('tooltip-hidden', true);

      d3Selection.selectAll('.tooltipped').classed('tooltipped', false)
    }
  }

  d3Selection.selection.prototype.translate = translateSelection
  d3Selection.selection.prototype.append = append
  d3Selection.selection.prototype.tspans = tspans
  d3Selection.selection.prototype.appendMany = appendMany
  d3Selection.selection.prototype.at = at
  d3Selection.selection.prototype.prop = d3Selection.selection.prototype.property

  exports.wordwrap = wordwrap;
  exports.parseAttributes = parseAttributes;
  exports.f = f;
  exports.ascendingKey = ascendingKey;
  exports.descendingKey = descendingKey;
  exports.conventions = conventions;
  exports.attachTooltip = attachTooltip;

  Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });

}));

data.tsv

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<style>

body {
  font: 10px sans-serif;
}

.axis path,
.axis line {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #000;
  shape-rendering: crispEdges;
}

.dot {
  stroke: #000;
}

div.tooltip {
  top: -1000px;
  position: absolute;
  padding: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .90);
  border: 1px solid lightgray;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.tooltip-hidden{
  opacity: 0;
}


</style>
<body>

<div class='tooltip'></div>

<script src='d3v4+jetpack.js'></script>
<script src='d3-force.js'></script>
<script src='script.js'></script>

preview.png

script.js

var ƒ = d3.f

d3.tsv('data.tsv', function(error, data) {
  d3.selectAll('svg').remove()

  var c = d3.conventions()
  c.x.domain(d3.extent(data, ƒ('sepalWidth')))
  c.y.domain(d3.extent(data, ƒ('sepalLength')))

  c.drawAxis()


  var s = 4

  var collide = d3.forceRectCollide(function(d){ return [
    [-d.sepalWidth*s/2, -d.sepalLength*s/2],
    [ d.sepalWidth*s/2,  d.sepalLength*s/2]
  ]})

  var simulation = d3.forceSimulation(data)
      .force('x', d3.forceX(ƒ('sepalWidth',  c.x)).strength(.1))
      .force('y', d3.forceY(ƒ('sepalLength', c.y)).strength(.1))
      .force('collide', collide)

  for (var i = 0; i < 400; ++i) simulation.tick()


  c.svg.appendMany(data, 'rect.dot')
      .each(function(d){
        var w = d.sepalWidth *s
        var h = d.sepalLength*s

        d3.select(this)
            .attr('x', d.x - w/2)
            .attr('y', d.y - h/2)
            .attr('width',  w)
            .attr('height', h)
      })
      .style('fill', ƒ('species', d3.scaleOrdinal().range(d3.schemeCategory10)))
      .call(d3.attachTooltip)
})

thumbnail.png