//
// BackingFieldResolver.cs
//
// Author:
// Jb Evain (jbevain@novell.com)
//
// (C) 2009 Novell, Inc. (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

using Mono.Reflection;

abstract class ILPattern {

	public static ILPattern Optional (OpCode opcode)
	{
		return Optional (OpCode (opcode));
	}

	public static ILPattern Optional (ILPattern pattern)
	{
		return new OptionalPattern (pattern);
	}

	class OptionalPattern : ILPattern {

		ILPattern pattern;

		public OptionalPattern (ILPattern optional)
		{
			this.pattern = optional;
		}

		internal override void Match (MatchContext context)
		{
			pattern.TryMatch (context);
		}
	}

	public static ILPattern Sequence (params ILPattern [] patterns)
	{
		return new SequencePattern (patterns);
	}

	class SequencePattern : ILPattern {

		ILPattern [] patterns;

		public SequencePattern (ILPattern [] patterns)
		{
			this.patterns = patterns;
		}

		internal override void Match (MatchContext context)
		{
			foreach (var pattern in patterns) {
				pattern.Match (context);

				if (!context.success)
					break;
			}
		}
	}

	public static ILPattern OpCode (OpCode opcode)
	{
		return new OpCodePattern (opcode);
	}

	class OpCodePattern : ILPattern {

		OpCode opcode;

		public OpCodePattern (OpCode opcode)
		{
			this.opcode = opcode;
		}

		internal override void Match (MatchContext context)
		{
			if (context.instruction == null) {
				context.success = false;
				return;
			}

			context.success = context.instruction.OpCode == opcode;
			context.Advance ();
		}
	}

	public static ILPattern Either (ILPattern a, ILPattern b)
	{
		return new EitherPattern (a, b);
	}

	class EitherPattern : ILPattern {

		ILPattern a;
		ILPattern b;

		public EitherPattern (ILPattern a, ILPattern b)
		{
			this.a = a;
			this.b = b;
		}

		internal override void Match (MatchContext context)
		{
			if (!a.TryMatch (context))
				b.Match (context);
		}
	}

	public static ILPattern Field (OpCode opcode)
	{
		return new FieldPattern (new OpCodePattern (opcode));
	}

	class FieldPattern : ILPattern {

		ILPattern pattern;

		public FieldPattern (ILPattern pattern)
		{
			this.pattern = pattern;
		}

		internal override void Match (MatchContext context)
		{
			if (!pattern.TryMatch (context)) {
				context.success = false;
				return;
			}

			context.field = (FieldInfo) context.instruction.Previous.Operand;
		}
	}

	internal abstract void Match (MatchContext context);

	internal bool TryMatch (MatchContext context)
	{
		var instruction = context.instruction;
		Match (context);

		if (context.success)
			return true;

		context.Reset (instruction);
		return false;
	}

	public static MatchContext Match (MethodBase method, ILPattern pattern)
	{
		var instructions = method.GetInstructions ();
		if (instructions.Count == 0)
			throw new ArgumentException ();

		var context = new MatchContext (instructions [0]);
		pattern.Match (context);
		return context;
	}
}

class MatchContext {

	internal Instruction instruction;
	internal bool success;
	internal FieldInfo field;

	public MatchContext (Instruction instruction)
	{
		Reset (instruction);
	}

	public void Reset (Instruction instruction)
	{
		this.instruction = instruction;
		this.success = true;
	}

	public void Advance ()
	{
		this.instruction = this.instruction.Next;
	}
}

static class BackingFieldResolver {

	static ILPattern GetterPattern =
		ILPattern.Sequence (
			ILPattern.Optional (OpCodes.Nop),
			ILPattern.Either (
				ILPattern.Field (OpCodes.Ldsfld),
				ILPattern.Sequence (
					ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0),
					ILPattern.Field (OpCodes.Ldfld))),
			ILPattern.Optional (
				ILPattern.Sequence (
					ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Stloc_0),
					ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Br_S),
					ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ldloc_0))),
			ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ret));

	static ILPattern SetterPattern =
		ILPattern.Sequence (
			ILPattern.Optional (OpCodes.Nop),
			ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ldarg_0),
			ILPattern.Either (
				ILPattern.Field (OpCodes.Stsfld),
				ILPattern.Sequence (
					ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ldarg_1),
					ILPattern.Field (OpCodes.Stfld))),
			ILPattern.OpCode (OpCodes.Ret));

	static FieldInfo GetBackingField (MethodInfo method, ILPattern pattern)
	{
		var result = ILPattern.Match (method, pattern);
		if (!result.success)
			throw new NotSupportedException ();

		return result.field;
	}

	public static FieldInfo GetBackingField (this PropertyInfo self)
	{
		var getter = self.GetGetMethod (true);
		if (getter != null)
			return GetBackingField (getter, GetterPattern);

		var setter = self.GetSetMethod (true);
		if (setter != null)
			return GetBackingField (setter, SetterPattern);

		throw new ArgumentException ();
	}
}

class Program {

	public static string Foo { get; set; }

	int bar;

	public int Bar { get { return bar; } }

	public int Baz { set { bar = value; } }

	static void TestProperty (string name)
	{
		var property = typeof (Program).GetProperty (
			name,
			BindingFlags.Instance
			| BindingFlags.Static
			| BindingFlags.Public
			| BindingFlags.NonPublic);

		var field = property.GetBackingField ();

		Console.WriteLine (field);
	}

	static void Main (string [] args)
	{
		TestProperty ("Foo");
		// => System.String <Foo>k__BackingField
		TestProperty ("Bar");
		// => Int32 bar
		TestProperty ("Baz");
		// => Int32 bar
	}
}