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Asynchronous MP3 encoding in Python
from Queue import Queue
import subprocess
import threading
import traceback
import logging
import time
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
"""
Quick and dirty, frame-aware MP3 encoding bridge using LAME.
About 75% of the speed of raw LAME. Pass PCM data to the Lame class,
get back (via callback, queue or file) MP3 frames. Supports real-time
encoding or blocking for the length of the audio stream - useful for
an MP3 server, or something else real time, for example.
"""
"""
Some important LAME facts used below:
Each MP3 frame is identifiable by a header.
This header has, essentially:
"Frame Sync" 11 1's (i.e.: 0xFF + 3 bits)
"Mpeg Audio Version ID" should be 0b11 for MPEG V1, 0b10 for MPEG V2
"Layer Description" should be 0b11
"Protection Bit" set to 1 by Lame, not protected
"Bitrate index" 0000 -> free
0001 -> 32 kbps
0010 -> 40 kbps
0011 -> 48 kbps
0100 -> 56 kbps
0101 -> 64 kbps
0110 -> 80 kbps
0111 -> 96 kbps
1000 -> 112 kbps
1001 -> 128 kbps
1010 -> 160 kbps
1011 -> 192 kbps
1100 -> 224 kbps
1101 -> 256 kbps
1110 -> 320 kbps
1111 -> invalid
Following the header, there are always SAMPLES_PER_FRAME samples of audio data.
At our constant sampling frequency of 44100, this means each frame
contains exactly .026122449 seconds of audio.
"""
BITRATE_TABLE = [
0, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320, None
]
SAMPLERATE_TABLE = [
44100, 48000, 32000, None
]
HEADER_SIZE = 4
SAMPLES_PER_FRAME = 1152
def avg(l):
return sum(l) / len(l)
def frame_length(header):
bitrate = BITRATE_TABLE[ord(header[2]) >> 4]
sample_rate = SAMPLERATE_TABLE[(ord(header[2]) & 0b00001100) >> 2]
padding = (ord(header[2]) & 0b00000010) >> 1
return int((float(SAMPLES_PER_FRAME) / sample_rate) * ((bitrate / 8) * 1000)) + padding
class Lame(threading.Thread):
"""
Live MP3 streamer. Currently only works for 16-bit, 44.1kHz stereo input.
"""
safety_buffer = 30 # seconds
input_wordlength = 16
samplerate = 44100
channels = 2
preset = "-V3"
# Time-sensitive options
real_time = False # Should we encode in 1:1 real time?
block = False # Regardless of real-time, should we block
# for as long as the audio we've encoded lasts?
chunk_size = samplerate * channels * (input_wordlength / 8)
data = None
def __init__(self, callback=None, ofile=None, oqueue=None):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.lame = None
self.buffered = 0
self.oqueue = oqueue
self.ofile = ofile
self.callback = callback
self.finished = False
self.sent = False
self.ready = threading.Semaphore()
self.encode = threading.Semaphore()
self.setDaemon(True)
self.__write_queue = Queue()
self.__write_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.__lame_write)
self.__write_thread.setDaemon(True)
self.__write_thread.start()
@property
def pcm_datarate(self):
return self.samplerate * self.channels * (self.input_wordlength / 8)
def add_pcm(self, data):
"""
Expects PCM data in the form of a NumPy array.
"""
if self.lame.returncode is not None:
return False
self.encode.acquire()
samples = len(data)
self.__write_queue.put(data)
del data
put_time = time.time()
if self.buffered >= self.safety_buffer:
self.ready.acquire()
done_time = time.time()
if self.block and not self.real_time:
delay = (samples / float(self.samplerate)) \
- (done_time - put_time) \
- self.safety_buffer
time.sleep(delay)
return True
def __lame_write(self):
while not self.finished:
data = self.__write_queue.get()
if data is None:
break
while len(data):
chunk = data[:self.chunk_size]
data = data[self.chunk_size:]
self.buffered += len(chunk) / self.channels * (self.input_wordlength / 8)
try:
chunk.tofile(self.lame.stdin)
del chunk
except IOError:
self.finished = True
break
self.encode.release()
# TODO: Extend me to work for all samplerates
def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
call = ["lame"]
call.append('-r')
if self.input_wordlength != 16:
call.extend(["--bitwidth", str(self.input_wordlength)])
call.extend(self.preset.split())
call.extend(["-", "-"])
self.lame = subprocess.Popen(
call,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
threading.Thread.start(self, *args, **kwargs)
def ensure_is_alive(self):
if self.finished:
return False
if self.is_alive():
return True
try:
self.start()
return True
except Exception:
return False
def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
last = None
lag = 0
while True:
timing = float(SAMPLES_PER_FRAME) / self.samplerate
header = self.lame.stdout.read(HEADER_SIZE)
if len(header) == HEADER_SIZE:
frame_len = frame_length(header) - HEADER_SIZE
frame = self.lame.stdout.read(frame_len)
buf = header + frame
if len(frame) == frame_len:
self.buffered -= SAMPLES_PER_FRAME
else:
buf = header
if self.buffered < (self.safety_buffer * self.samplerate):
self.ready.release()
if len(buf):
if self.oqueue:
self.oqueue.put(buf)
if self.ofile:
self.ofile.write(buf)
self.ofile.flush()
if self.callback:
self.callback(False)
if self.real_time and self.sent:
now = time.time()
if last:
delta = (now - last - timing)
lag += delta
if lag < timing:
time.sleep(max(0, timing - delta))
last = now
self.sent = True
else:
if self.callback:
self.callback(True)
break
self.lame.wait()
except:
log.error(traceback.format_exc())
self.finish()
raise
def finish(self):
"""
Closes input stream to LAME and waits for the last frame(s) to
finish encoding. Returns LAME's return value code.
"""
if self.lame:
self.__write_queue.put(None)
self.encode.acquire()
self.lame.stdin.close()
self.join()
self.finished = True
return self.lame.returncode
return -1
if __name__ == "__main__":
import wave
import numpy
f = wave.open("test.wav")
a = numpy.frombuffer(f.readframes(f.getnframes()), dtype=numpy.int16).reshape((-1, 2))
s = time.time()
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