Using a modified pagination function. See https://stackoverflow.com/q/58709835 for details.

pagination.php

<?php // You should place this file in your-theme/inc
/**
 * Pagination layout.
 *
 * @package understrap
 */

// Exit if accessed directly.
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) || exit;

if ( ! function_exists( 'understrap_pagination' ) ) {

	function understrap_pagination( $args = array(), $class = 'pagination' ) {

		$args = wp_parse_args(
			$args,
			array(
				'mid_size'           => 2,
				'prev_next'          => true,
				'prev_text'          => __( '&laquo;', 'understrap' ),
				'next_text'          => __( '&raquo;', 'understrap' ),
				'screen_reader_text' => __( 'Posts navigation', 'understrap' ),
				'type'               => 'array',
				'current'            => max( 1, get_query_var( 'paged' ) ),
				'total'              => $GLOBALS['wp_query']->max_num_pages,
			)
		);

		// Nothing to paginate, so let's bail.
		if ( ! $links = paginate_links( $args ) ) {
			return;
		}

		?>

		<nav aria-label="<?php echo $args['screen_reader_text']; ?>">

			<ul class="pagination">

				<?php
				foreach ( $links as $key => $link ) {
					?>
					<li class="page-item <?php echo strpos( $link, 'current' ) ? 'active' : ''; ?>">
						<?php echo str_replace( 'page-numbers', 'page-link', $link ); ?>
					</li>
					<?php
				}
				?>

			</ul>

		</nav>

		<?php
	}
}

?>

template-test.php

<?php
/* Template Name: Test */
?>
<!-- Add other markup as necessary.. -->
<?php get_header(); ?>
<div class="bg-light">
	<div class="container space-top-3 space-bottom-2">
		<div class="row">
			<?php
			$paged = max( get_query_var( 'paged' ), get_query_var( 'page' ), 1 );
			$args = array(
				'post_type'       => 'post',
				'orderby'         => 'post_date',
				'order'           => 'desc',
				'perm'            => 'readable',
				'show_post_views' => true,
				'posts_per_page'  => 9,
				'paged'           => $paged
			);
			$latestArticles = new WP_Query( $args );

			if ( $latestArticles->have_posts() ) :
				while ( $latestArticles->have_posts() ) : $latestArticles->the_post();
					get_template_part( 'loop-templates/content-search', get_post_format() );
				endwhile;
			?>
		</div>

		<div class="row mt-3">
			<div class="col-auto">
				<?php
					understrap_pagination( [
						'current' => $paged,
						'total'   => $latestArticles->max_num_pages,
					] );
				?>
			</div>
		</div>

		<?php wp_reset_postdata(); ?>
		<?php else : ?>
			<!-- do nothing -->
		<?php endif; ?>
	</div>
</div>
<?php get_footer(); ?>