C++で簡単非同期処理(std::thread,std::async) ref: http://qiita.com/termoshtt/items/d3cb7fe226cdd498d2ef

file0.cpp

auto th1 = std::thread([]{ do_long_work(); });
do_another_things();
th1.join();

file1.cpp

double a;
auto th1 = std::thread([&a]{ a = long_calc(); });
do_another_things();
th1.join();
std::cout << a << std::endl; // 1.0

file2.cpp

#include <vector>
#include <future>
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  std::vector<int> v(10);
  std::vector<std::thread> threads;
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
    threads.push_back(std::thread([i, &v] { v[i] = i * i; }));
  }
  for (std::thread &th : threads) {
    th.join();
  }
  for (int i : v) {
    std::cout << i << std::endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

file3.txt

$ g++ -std=c++11 source.cpp -pthread

file4.txt

$ clang++ -std=c++11 source.cpp -pthread

file5.txt

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::system_error'
  what():  Enable multithreading to use std::thread: Operation not permitted

file6.cpp

auto result = std::async(std::launch::async, [] { return long_calc(); });
do_another_things();
std::cout << result.get() << std::endl;

file7.cpp

#include <future>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  std::vector<std::future<int> > v;
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
    v.push_back(std::async([i] { return i * i; }));
  }
  for (auto &val : v) {
    std::cout << val.get() << std::endl;
  }
}