Caesar shift in JavaScript

gistfile1.js

/*

JavaScript Caesar shift
by Evan Hahn (evanhahn.com)

"Encrypt" like this:

    caesarShift('Attack at dawn!', 12);    // Returns "Mffmow mf pmiz!"

And "decrypt" like this:

    caesarShift('Mffmow mf pmiz!', -12);    // Returns "Attack at dawn!"

For simplicity, only works with ASCII characters.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute
this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any
purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
this software under copyright law.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

For more information, please refer to <https://unlicense.org/>

*/

var caesarShift = function (str, amount) {
  // Wrap the amount
  if (amount < 0) {
    return caesarShift(str, amount + 26);
  }

  // Make an output variable
  var output = "";

  // Go through each character
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    // Get the character we'll be appending
    var c = str[i];

    // If it's a letter...
    if (c.match(/[a-z]/i)) {
      // Get its code
      var code = str.charCodeAt(i);

      // Uppercase letters
      if (code >= 65 && code <= 90) {
        c = String.fromCharCode(((code - 65 + amount) % 26) + 65);
      }

      // Lowercase letters
      else if (code >= 97 && code <= 122) {
        c = String.fromCharCode(((code - 97 + amount) % 26) + 97);
      }
    }

    // Append
    output += c;
  }

  // All done!
  return output;
};

2020 Typescript Version:

// Caesar Cipher
const caesarCipher = (string: string, shift: number) => {
  // Alphabet
  const alphabet: string = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

  // Encoded Text
  let encodedText: string = '';

  // Adjust Shift (Over 26 Characters)
  if (shift > 26) {
    // Assign Remainder As Shift
    shift = shift % 26;
  }

  // Iterate Over Data
  let i: number = 0;
  while (i < string.length) {
    // Valid Alphabet Characters
    if (alphabet.indexOf(string[i]) !== -1) {
      // Find Alphabet Index
      const alphabetIndex: number = alphabet.indexOf((string[i]).toUpperCase());

      // Alphabet Index Is In Alphabet Range
      if (alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift]) {
        // Append To String
        encodedText += alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift];
      }
      // Alphabet Index Out Of Range (Adjust Alphabet By 26 Characters)
      else {
        // Append To String
        encodedText += alphabet[alphabetIndex + shift - 26];
      }
    }
    // Special Characters
    else {
      // Append To String
      encodedText += string[i];

    }

    // Increase I
    i++;
  }

  return encodedText;
};

Example #1:

console.log(caesarCipher('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 2));

CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAB

Example #2:

console.log(caesarCipher('GUR DHVPX OEBJA QBT WHZCRQ BIRE GUR YNML SBK.', 26 + 13));

THE QUICK BROWN DOG JUMPED OVER THE LAZY FOX.

Thank you! I've been struggling a lot with this exercise. Your code is wonderfully clean and instructive, I managed to get mine working thanks to you!

1 line Caesar Cypher in ES6 using inbuilt Array.prototype.replace()
Console.log at every turn to understand the inner mechanism. Happy coding!

@mosemet, your solution works only with min characters, a more complete solution :

function shift(letter, k, code) {
    return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

function caesarCipher(s, k) {
    return s.replace(/[a-z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 97)).replace(/[A-Z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 65));
}

-------------------------- OR --------------------------

function isCharacterAMinLetter(char) {
  return (/[a-z]/).test(char)
}

function isCharacterAMajLetter(char) {
  return (/[A-Z]/).test(char)
}

function shift(letter, k, code) {
   return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

return s.replace(/[A-Za-z]/g, char => {
  // check if min letter
  if (isCharacterAMinLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 97);
  } 
  // check if maj letter
  else if (isCharacterAMajLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 65);
  }
});

It's working perfectly. Thanks Evan for the awesome solution!!!

function rotateAlphabet(text, noOfChars = 0){
    const n = noOfChars % text.length;
    return text.slice(n) + text.slice(0, n); 
}

function convertText(string, noOfChars = 0) {
    const alphabetLowercase         = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    const alphabetRotatedLowercase  = rotateAlphabet(alphabetLowercase, noOfChars)
    const alphabetUppercase         = alphabetLowercase.toUpperCase()
    const alphabetRotatedUppercase  = rotateAlphabet(alphabetUppercase, noOfChars)
    let arrayResult                 = []
    let index                       = 0
    
    for (let i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
        // if character is NOT alphanumeric
        if (! /^[a-zA-Z]+$/.test(string[i])) {  
            arrayResult.push(string[i]) 
        } else if (string[i] == string[i].toLowerCase()) {
            // if character is lowercase
            index = (alphabetLowercase.indexOf(string[i]))
            arrayResult.push((alphabetRotatedLowercase[index]))  
        } else if (string[i] == string[i].toUpperCase()) {
            // else if character is uppercase
            index = (alphabetUppercase.indexOf(string[i]))
            arrayResult.push((alphabetRotatedUppercase[index])) 
        }
    }
    return arrayResult.join('')
}

@mosemet, your solution works only with min characters, a more complete solution :

function shift(letter, k, code) {
    return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

function caesarCipher(s, k) {
    return s.replace(/[a-z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 97)).replace(/[A-Z]/g, char => shift(char, k, 65));
}

-------------------------- OR --------------------------

function isCharacterAMinLetter(char) {
  return (/[a-z]/).test(char)
}

function isCharacterAMajLetter(char) {
  return (/[A-Z]/).test(char)
}

function shift(letter, k, code) {
   return String.fromCharCode(((letter.charCodeAt() - code + k) % 26) + code);
}

return s.replace(/[A-Za-z]/g, char => {
  // check if min letter
  if (isCharacterAMinLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 97);
  } 
  // check if maj letter
  else if (isCharacterAMajLetter(char)) {
      return shift(char, k, 65);
  }
});

not safe to use, z will be decoded to ` instead of a