Why "pass by value" and "pass by reference" are meaningless phrases

pass_by_x.c

/* The problem with phrases like "pass by value", "pass by object reference", and "pass by reference"
 * is that they are utterly meaningless becaues there are three perspectives one can take when trying
 * to classify these things.
 */

typedef struct { int value; } Object;


/* PERSPECTIVE 1: The parameters of the function being called (this is the one that _should_ matter) */
void function_by_value             (Object   o) { }
void function_by_object_reference  (Object*  o) { }
void function_by_reference         (Object** o) { }



void main() {
  /* PERSPECTIVE 2: The arguments that will be passed */
  Object    variable_by_value             = {0};
  Object*   variable_by_object_reference  = &variable_by_value;
  Object**  variable_by_reference         = &variable_by_object_reference;
  
  
  
  /* PERSPECTIVE 3: the referencing and dereferencing while passing (the least relevant of the three) 
                    pass by object reference doesn't have any meaning here */
  function_by_value(   variable_by_value            );  // pass by value
  function_by_value(  *variable_by_object_reference );  // no name for this
  function_by_value( **variable_by_reference        );  // no name for this

  function_by_object_reference( &variable_by_value            ); // pass by reference
  function_by_object_reference(  variable_by_object_reference ); // pass by value (Ruby and Java do this)
  function_by_object_reference( *variable_by_reference        ); // no name for this

  function_by_reference( &&variable_by_value            ); // not possible
  function_by_reference(  &variable_by_object_reference ); // pass by reference
  function_by_reference(   variable_by_reference        ); // pass by value  
}