Get a list of application and delegated permissions for a service principal, similar to what the Azure Portal shows

Get-MgServicePrincipalPermission.ps1

#requires -version 7 -module Microsoft.Graph.Applications
using namespace Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models
using namespace System.Collections.Generic

enum MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipalType {
  Application
  Delegated
}

class MgServicePrincipalPermission {
  [MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]$ServicePrincipal
  [string]$Id
  [MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipalType]$Type
  [string]$User
  [string]$ResourceName
  [string]$Permission
  [string]$PermissionDisplayName
  [string]$Description
  [Nullable[DateTime]]$CreatedDateTime
}

Update-TypeData -TypeName 'MgServicePrincipalPermission' -DefaultDisplayPropertySet 'ServicePrincipal', 'ResourceName', 'User', 'Permission' -Force | Out-Null

function Get-MgServicePrincipalPermission {
  <#
  .SYNOPSIS
  Retrieves the permissions assigned to a service principal, providing a similar output to what is on the Azure Portal Screen.
  .EXAMPLE
  Get-MgServicePrincipal -Search 'displayname:MyServicePrincipal' -Con eventual -Cou count | Get-MgServicePrincipalPermission

  #>
  [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Object')]
  param(
    [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Id', Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
    [Alias('Id')]
    [string]$ServicePrincipalId,

    [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Object', Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
    [Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models.MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]$ServicePrincipal
  )
  begin {
    #We use this to cache app info for permission lookups
    [Dictionary[string, MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]]$spCache = @{}
  }
  process {
    $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
    $ServicePrincipal ??= Get-MgServicePrincipal -ServicePrincipalId $ServicePrincipalId

    #Add a ToString to the serviceprincipal so it summarizes correctly in the formatting
    $ServicePrincipal | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name ToString -Value { $this.DisplayName } -Force

    #When using Mandatory above, it becomes an empty string instead of null, so null conditional cannot be used.
    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ServicePrincipalId)) {
      $ServicePrincipalId = $ServicePrincipal.Id
    }

    $appPermissions = Get-MgServicePrincipalAppRoleAssignment -ServicePrincipalId $ServicePrincipalId
    | Where-Object DeletedDateTime -EQ $null


    foreach ($app in $appPermissions) {
      $spCache[$app.ResourceId] ??= Get-MgServicePrincipal -ServicePrincipalId $app.ResourceId

      [MicrosoftGraphAppRole]$role = $spCache[$app.ResourceId].AppRoles
      | Where-Object Id -EQ $app.AppRoleId

      if (-not $Role) { throw "No matching permission found for AppRoleID $($app.AppRoleId). This is a bug" }
      [MgServicePrincipalPermission]@{
        ServicePrincipal      = $ServicePrincipal
        Id                    = $app.Id
        Type                  = 'Application'
        User                  = '[Application]'
        ResourceName          = $app.ResourceDisplayName
        Permission            = $role.Value
        PermissionDisplayName = $role.DisplayName
        Description           = $role.Description
        CreatedDateTime       = $app.CreatedDateTime
      }
    }

    $delegatedPermissions = Get-MgServicePrincipalOauth2PermissionGrant -ServicePrincipalId $ServicePrincipalId

    foreach ($permission in $delegatedPermissions) {
      if (-not $spCache[$permission.ResourceId]) {
        $spCache[$permission.ResourceId] = Get-MgServicePrincipal -ServicePrincipalId $permission.ResourceId
        | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name ToString -Value { $this.DisplayName } -Force -PassThru
      }

      $resource = $spCache[$permission.ResourceId]

      foreach ($scope in $permission.Scope.split(' ')) {
        $role = $resource.AppRoles | Where-Object Value -EQ $scope
        [MgServicePrincipalPermission]@{
          ServicePrincipal      = $ServicePrincipal
          Id                    = $scope.Id
          Type                  = 'Delegated'
          User                  = $permission.ConsentType -eq 'AllPrincipals' ? 'All' : $permission.PrincipalId
          ResourceName          = $resource.DisplayName
          Permission            = $scope
          PermissionDisplayName = $role.DisplayName
          Description           = $role.Description
          CreatedDateTime       = $null
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

InvalidOperation:
Line |
4 | … ='Object',ValueFromPipeline)][MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]$Service …
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Unable to find type [MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal].

InvalidOperation: Line | 4 | … ='Object',ValueFromPipeline)][MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]$Service … | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | Unable to find type [MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal].

You probably need to import the graph module first before running so that the type is loaded.

InvalidOperation: Line | 4 | … ='Object',ValueFromPipeline)][MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]$Service … | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | Unable to find type [MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal].

You probably need to import the graph module first before running so that the type is loaded.

I've updated Microsoft.Graph module and imported it, but the same error is displayed after run your Powershell script.

Try running using namespace Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models before running the function. I also updated the function so it shouldn't error if this is missing now.

Try running using namespace Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models before running the function. I also updated the function so it shouldn't error if this is missing now.

InvalidOperation:
Line |
8 | [Dictionary[string,MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal]]$spCache = @{}
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Unable to find type [Dictionary].
Get-MgServicePrincipalPermission: Cannot index into a null array.

Are you running this in PowerShell 5.1? Try PowerShell 7, also try dot sourcing the script rather than cut-paste. For whatever reason you are not getting the namespace things at the top of the script to register correctly.

Are you running this in PowerShell 5.1? Try PowerShell 7, also try dot sourcing the script rather than cut-paste. For whatever reason you are not getting the namespace things at the top of the script to register correctly.

I'm running PowerShell 7.3.5. I'm trying to run Powershell script in another VM.

@rdantas9 works fine for me, not sure how you're invoking it that is causing the namespace errors.

@rdantas9 works fine for me, not sure how you're invoking it that is causing the namespace errors.

I was able to run your PowerShell script properly, but I've replaced line 12 from MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal to Microsoft.Graph.PowerShell.Models.MicrosoftGraphServicePrincipal.

Thanks for your patience and support!

Hi, is 'Id = $app.Id' meant to be there in line 52 under $delegatedPermissions? If so, could you explain why?

Probably a cut/paste oopsie from the foreach loop above it, probably should be $scope.id

Thanks. Appreciate all your work.

I've updated the script to include the original service principal as a reference while still reporting the name, and use a custom type for the permissions for better formatting.