oz_arg.R

library(readxl)
library(tidyverse)
library(ggdirectlabel)
library(patchwork)

madd_url <- "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/data/mpd2020.xlsx"
madd_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".xlsx")
download.file(madd_url, madd_file, mode = "wb")

madd_data <- read_excel(madd_file, sheet = "Full data")

oz_arg <- madd_data |> 
  filter(country %in% c("Argentina",
                        "Australia")) |> 
  filter(!is.na(gdppc),
         year >= 1850) 

my_theme <-  theme_minimal(
  base_family = "Roboto Condensed",
  base_size = 18) +
  theme(axis.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = "none",
        axis.line = element_line(size = 0.25),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        plot.title.position = "plot",
        plot.caption.position = "plot",
        plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0,
                                    size = 9,
                                    face = "italic")) 

plot_level <- oz_arg |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = gdppc, col = country)) +
  geom_linepoint(linewidth = 1,
                size = 18 / .pt) +
  geom_finallabel(aes(label = paste0(country, "\n",
                                     scales::dollar(gdppc, 1))),
                  nudge_x_perc = 3,
                  size = 18 / .pt,
                  family = "Roboto Condensed") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::dollar,
                     limits = \(x) c(0, x[2]),
                     expand = expansion(c(0, 0.05))) +
  scale_x_continuous(expand = expansion(c(0, 0.27)),
                     breaks = c(seq(1800, 2000, 50),
                                max(madd_data$year)),
                     labels = \(x) ifelse(x == 2018, "'18", x)) +
  labs(subtitle = "Real GDP per capita") +
  my_theme

plot_ratio <- oz_arg |> 
  select(country, year, gdppc) |> 
  pivot_wider(names_from = country,
              values_from = gdppc) |> 
  mutate(ratio = Argentina / Australia) |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = ratio)) +
  geom_line(colour = "#404040",
            linewidth = 1)  +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent,
                     expand = expansion(0.1)) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(seq(1800, 2000, 50),
                                max(madd_data$year)),
                     labels = \(x) ifelse(x == 2018, "'18", x)) +
  my_theme +
  labs(subtitle = "Argentina's real GDP per capita as a percentage of Australia's")

plot_level +
  plot_ratio +
  plot_annotation(caption = "Source: Maddison Project database.",
                  theme = my_theme)