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Bitcoin Analysis #1 - Genesis Block
Raw
ChainParams.cpp
// Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2018 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#include <chainparams.h>
#include <chainparamsseeds.h>
#include <consensus/merkle.h>
#include <tinyformat.h>
#include <util/system.h>
#include <util/strencodings.h>
#include <versionbitsinfo.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/classification.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/split.hpp>
static CBlock CreateGenesisBlock(const char* pszTimestamp, const CScript& genesisOutputScript, uint32_t nTime, uint32_t nNonce, uint32_t nBits, int32_t nVersion, const CAmount& genesisReward)
{
CMutableTransaction txNew;
txNew.nVersion = 1;
txNew.vin.resize(1);
txNew.vout.resize(1);
txNew.vin[0].scriptSig = CScript() << 486604799 << CScriptNum(4) << std::vector<unsigned char>((const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp, (const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp + strlen(pszTimestamp));
txNew.vout[0].nValue = genesisReward;
txNew.vout[0].scriptPubKey = genesisOutputScript;
CBlock genesis;
genesis.nTime = nTime;
genesis.nBits = nBits;
genesis.nNonce = nNonce;
genesis.nVersion = nVersion;
genesis.vtx.push_back(MakeTransactionRef(std::move(txNew)));
genesis.hashPrevBlock.SetNull();
genesis.hashMerkleRoot = BlockMerkleRoot(genesis);
return genesis;
}
/**
* Build the genesis block. Note that the output of its generation
* transaction cannot be spent since it did not originally exist in the
* database.
*
* CBlock(hash=000000000019d6, ver=1, hashPrevBlock=00000000000000, hashMerkleRoot=4a5e1e, nTime=1231006505, nBits=1d00ffff, nNonce=2083236893, vtx=1)
* CTransaction(hash=4a5e1e, ver=1, vin.size=1, vout.size=1, nLockTime=0)
* CTxIn(COutPoint(000000, -1), coinbase 04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73)
* CTxOut(nValue=50.00000000, scriptPubKey=0x5F1DF16B2B704C8A578D0B)
* vMerkleTree: 4a5e1e
*/
static CBlock CreateGenesisBlock(uint32_t nTime, uint32_t nNonce, uint32_t nBits, int32_t nVersion, const CAmount& genesisReward)
{
const char* pszTimestamp = "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks";
const CScript genesisOutputScript = CScript() << ParseHex("04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f") << OP_CHECKSIG;
return CreateGenesisBlock(pszTimestamp, genesisOutputScript, nTime, nNonce, nBits, nVersion, genesisReward);
}
/**
* Main network
*/
class CMainParams : public CChainParams {
public:
CMainParams() {
strNetworkID = "main";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000;
consensus.BIP16Exception = uint256S("0x00000000000002dc756eebf4f49723ed8d30cc28a5f108eb94b1ba88ac4f9c22");
consensus.BIP34Height = 227931;
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256S("0x000000000000024b89b42a942fe0d9fea3bb44ab7bd1b19115dd6a759c0808b8");
consensus.BIP65Height = 388381; // 000000000000000004c2b624ed5d7756c508d90fd0da2c7c679febfa6c4735f0
consensus.BIP66Height = 363725; // 00000000000000000379eaa19dce8c9b722d46ae6a57c2f1a988119488b50931
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = false;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = false;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 1916; // 95% of 2016
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 2016; // nPowTargetTimespan / nPowTargetSpacing
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 1199145601; // January 1, 2008
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = 1230767999; // December 31, 2008
// Deployment of BIP68, BIP112, and BIP113.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 1462060800; // May 1st, 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st, 2017
// Deployment of SegWit (BIP141, BIP143, and BIP147)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = 1479168000; // November 15th, 2016.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = 1510704000; // November 15th, 2017.
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000051dc8b82f450202ecb3d471");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x0000000000000000000f1c54590ee18d15ec70e68c8cd4cfbadb1b4f11697eee"); //563378
/**
* The message start string is designed to be unlikely to occur in normal data.
* The characters are rarely used upper ASCII, not valid as UTF-8, and produce
* a large 32-bit integer with any alignment.
*/
pchMessageStart[0] = 0xf9;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0xbe;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0xb4;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0xd9;
nDefaultPort = 8333;
nPruneAfterHeight = 100000;
m_assumed_blockchain_size = 240;
m_assumed_chain_state_size = 3;
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1231006505, 2083236893, 0x1d00ffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
// Note that of those which support the service bits prefix, most only support a subset of
// possible options.
// This is fine at runtime as we'll fall back to using them as a oneshot if they don't support the
// service bits we want, but we should get them updated to support all service bits wanted by any
// release ASAP to avoid it where possible.
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.bitcoin.sipa.be"); // Pieter Wuille, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
vSeeds.emplace_back("dnsseed.bluematt.me"); // Matt Corallo, only supports x9
vSeeds.emplace_back("dnsseed.bitcoin.dashjr.org"); // Luke Dashjr
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.bitcoinstats.com"); // Christian Decker, supports x1 - xf
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.bitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch"); // Jonas Schnelli, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.btc.petertodd.org"); // Peter Todd, only supports x1, x5, x9, and xd
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.bitcoin.sprovoost.nl"); // Sjors Provoost
vSeeds.emplace_back("dnsseed.emzy.de"); // Stephan Oeste
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,0);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,5);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,128);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = {0x04, 0x88, 0xB2, 0x1E};
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = {0x04, 0x88, 0xAD, 0xE4};
bech32_hrp = "bc";
vFixedSeeds = std::vector<SeedSpec6>(pnSeed6_main, pnSeed6_main + ARRAYLEN(pnSeed6_main));
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = false;
fRequireStandard = true;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = false;
checkpointData = {
{
{ 11111, uint256S("0x0000000069e244f73d78e8fd29ba2fd2ed618bd6fa2ee92559f542fdb26e7c1d")},
{ 33333, uint256S("0x000000002dd5588a74784eaa7ab0507a18ad16a236e7b1ce69f00d7ddfb5d0a6")},
{ 74000, uint256S("0x0000000000573993a3c9e41ce34471c079dcf5f52a0e824a81e7f953b8661a20")},
{105000, uint256S("0x00000000000291ce28027faea320c8d2b054b2e0fe44a773f3eefb151d6bdc97")},
{134444, uint256S("0x00000000000005b12ffd4cd315cd34ffd4a594f430ac814c91184a0d42d2b0fe")},
{168000, uint256S("0x000000000000099e61ea72015e79632f216fe6cb33d7899acb35b75c8303b763")},
{193000, uint256S("0x000000000000059f452a5f7340de6682a977387c17010ff6e6c3bd83ca8b1317")},
{210000, uint256S("0x000000000000048b95347e83192f69cf0366076336c639f9b7228e9ba171342e")},
{216116, uint256S("0x00000000000001b4f4b433e81ee46494af945cf96014816a4e2370f11b23df4e")},
{225430, uint256S("0x00000000000001c108384350f74090433e7fcf79a606b8e797f065b130575932")},
{250000, uint256S("0x000000000000003887df1f29024b06fc2200b55f8af8f35453d7be294df2d214")},
{279000, uint256S("0x0000000000000001ae8c72a0b0c301f67e3afca10e819efa9041e458e9bd7e40")},
{295000, uint256S("0x00000000000000004d9b4ef50f0f9d686fd69db2e03af35a100370c64632a983")},
}
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
// Data from rpc: getchaintxstats 4096 0000000000000000000f1c54590ee18d15ec70e68c8cd4cfbadb1b4f11697eee
/* nTime */ 1550374134,
/* nTxCount */ 383732546,
/* dTxRate */ 3.685496590998308
};
/* disable fallback fee on mainnet */
m_fallback_fee_enabled = false;
}
};
/**
* Testnet (v3)
*/
class CTestNetParams : public CChainParams {
public:
CTestNetParams() {
strNetworkID = "test";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 210000;
consensus.BIP16Exception = uint256S("0x00000000dd30457c001f4095d208cc1296b0eed002427aa599874af7a432b105");
consensus.BIP34Height = 21111;
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256S("0x0000000023b3a96d3484e5abb3755c413e7d41500f8e2a5c3f0dd01299cd8ef8");
consensus.BIP65Height = 581885; // 00000000007f6655f22f98e72ed80d8b06dc761d5da09df0fa1dc4be4f861eb6
consensus.BIP66Height = 330776; // 000000002104c8c45e99a8853285a3b592602a3ccde2b832481da85e9e4ba182
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("00000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = true;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = false;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 1512; // 75% for testchains
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 2016; // nPowTargetTimespan / nPowTargetSpacing
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 1199145601; // January 1, 2008
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = 1230767999; // December 31, 2008
// Deployment of BIP68, BIP112, and BIP113.
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 1456790400; // March 1st, 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st, 2017
// Deployment of SegWit (BIP141, BIP143, and BIP147)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = 1462060800; // May 1st 2016
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = 1493596800; // May 1st 2017
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007dbe94253893cbd463");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x0000000000000037a8cd3e06cd5edbfe9dd1dbcc5dacab279376ef7cfc2b4c75"); //1354312
pchMessageStart[0] = 0x0b;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0x11;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0x09;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0x07;
nDefaultPort = 18333;
nPruneAfterHeight = 1000;
m_assumed_blockchain_size = 30;
m_assumed_chain_state_size = 2;
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1296688602, 414098458, 0x1d00ffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x000000000933ea01ad0ee984209779baaec3ced90fa3f408719526f8d77f4943"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
vFixedSeeds.clear();
vSeeds.clear();
// nodes with support for servicebits filtering should be at the top
vSeeds.emplace_back("testnet-seed.bitcoin.jonasschnelli.ch");
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.tbtc.petertodd.org");
vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.testnet.bitcoin.sprovoost.nl");
vSeeds.emplace_back("testnet-seed.bluematt.me"); // Just a static list of stable node(s), only supports x9
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,111);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,196);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,239);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = {0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xCF};
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = {0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94};
bech32_hrp = "tb";
vFixedSeeds = std::vector<SeedSpec6>(pnSeed6_test, pnSeed6_test + ARRAYLEN(pnSeed6_test));
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = false;
fRequireStandard = false;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = false;
checkpointData = {
{
{546, uint256S("000000002a936ca763904c3c35fce2f3556c559c0214345d31b1bcebf76acb70")},
}
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
// Data from rpc: getchaintxstats 4096 0000000000000037a8cd3e06cd5edbfe9dd1dbcc5dacab279376ef7cfc2b4c75
/* nTime */ 1531929919,
/* nTxCount */ 19438708,
/* dTxRate */ 0.626
};
/* enable fallback fee on testnet */
m_fallback_fee_enabled = true;
}
};
/**
* Regression test
*/
class CRegTestParams : public CChainParams {
public:
explicit CRegTestParams(const ArgsManager& args) {
strNetworkID = "regtest";
consensus.nSubsidyHalvingInterval = 150;
consensus.BIP16Exception = uint256();
consensus.BIP34Height = 500; // BIP34 activated on regtest (Used in functional tests)
consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256();
consensus.BIP65Height = 1351; // BIP65 activated on regtest (Used in functional tests)
consensus.BIP66Height = 1251; // BIP66 activated on regtest (Used in functional tests)
consensus.powLimit = uint256S("7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
consensus.nPowTargetTimespan = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60; // two weeks
consensus.nPowTargetSpacing = 10 * 60;
consensus.fPowAllowMinDifficultyBlocks = true;
consensus.fPowNoRetargeting = true;
consensus.nRuleChangeActivationThreshold = 108; // 75% for testchains
consensus.nMinerConfirmationWindow = 144; // Faster than normal for regtest (144 instead of 2016)
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].bit = 28;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nStartTime = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY].nTimeout = Consensus::BIP9Deployment::NO_TIMEOUT;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].bit = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nStartTime = 0;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV].nTimeout = Consensus::BIP9Deployment::NO_TIMEOUT;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].bit = 1;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nStartTime = Consensus::BIP9Deployment::ALWAYS_ACTIVE;
consensus.vDeployments[Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT].nTimeout = Consensus::BIP9Deployment::NO_TIMEOUT;
// The best chain should have at least this much work.
consensus.nMinimumChainWork = uint256S("0x00");
// By default assume that the signatures in ancestors of this block are valid.
consensus.defaultAssumeValid = uint256S("0x00");
pchMessageStart[0] = 0xfa;
pchMessageStart[1] = 0xbf;
pchMessageStart[2] = 0xb5;
pchMessageStart[3] = 0xda;
nDefaultPort = 18444;
nPruneAfterHeight = 1000;
m_assumed_blockchain_size = 0;
m_assumed_chain_state_size = 0;
UpdateVersionBitsParametersFromArgs(args);
genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1296688602, 2, 0x207fffff, 1, 50 * COIN);
consensus.hashGenesisBlock = genesis.GetHash();
assert(consensus.hashGenesisBlock == uint256S("0x0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206"));
assert(genesis.hashMerkleRoot == uint256S("0x4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b"));
vFixedSeeds.clear(); //!< Regtest mode doesn't have any fixed seeds.
vSeeds.clear(); //!< Regtest mode doesn't have any DNS seeds.
fDefaultConsistencyChecks = true;
fRequireStandard = false;
fMineBlocksOnDemand = true;
checkpointData = {
{
{0, uint256S("0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206")},
}
};
chainTxData = ChainTxData{
0,
0,
0
};
base58Prefixes[PUBKEY_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,111);
base58Prefixes[SCRIPT_ADDRESS] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,196);
base58Prefixes[SECRET_KEY] = std::vector<unsigned char>(1,239);
base58Prefixes[EXT_PUBLIC_KEY] = {0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xCF};
base58Prefixes[EXT_SECRET_KEY] = {0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x94};
bech32_hrp = "bcrt";
/* enable fallback fee on regtest */
m_fallback_fee_enabled = true;
}
/**
* Allows modifying the Version Bits regtest parameters.
*/
void UpdateVersionBitsParameters(Consensus::DeploymentPos d, int64_t nStartTime, int64_t nTimeout)
{
consensus.vDeployments[d].nStartTime = nStartTime;
consensus.vDeployments[d].nTimeout = nTimeout;
}
void UpdateVersionBitsParametersFromArgs(const ArgsManager& args);
};
void CRegTestParams::UpdateVersionBitsParametersFromArgs(const ArgsManager& args)
{
if (!args.IsArgSet("-vbparams")) return;
for (const std::string& strDeployment : args.GetArgs("-vbparams")) {
std::vector<std::string> vDeploymentParams;
boost::split(vDeploymentParams, strDeployment, boost::is_any_of(":"));
if (vDeploymentParams.size() != 3) {
throw std::runtime_error("Version bits parameters malformed, expecting deployment:start:end");
}
int64_t nStartTime, nTimeout;
if (!ParseInt64(vDeploymentParams[1], &nStartTime)) {
throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("Invalid nStartTime (%s)", vDeploymentParams[1]));
}
if (!ParseInt64(vDeploymentParams[2], &nTimeout)) {
throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("Invalid nTimeout (%s)", vDeploymentParams[2]));
}
bool found = false;
for (int j=0; j < (int)Consensus::MAX_VERSION_BITS_DEPLOYMENTS; ++j) {
if (vDeploymentParams[0] == VersionBitsDeploymentInfo[j].name) {
UpdateVersionBitsParameters(Consensus::DeploymentPos(j), nStartTime, nTimeout);
found = true;
LogPrintf("Setting version bits activation parameters for %s to start=%ld, timeout=%ld\n", vDeploymentParams[0], nStartTime, nTimeout);
break;
}
}
if (!found) {
throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("Invalid deployment (%s)", vDeploymentParams[0]));
}
}
}
static std::unique_ptr<const CChainParams> globalChainParams;
const CChainParams &Params() {
assert(globalChainParams);
return *globalChainParams;
}
std::unique_ptr<const CChainParams> CreateChainParams(const std::string& chain)
{
if (chain == CBaseChainParams::MAIN)
return std::unique_ptr<CChainParams>(new CMainParams());
else if (chain == CBaseChainParams::TESTNET)
return std::unique_ptr<CChainParams>(new CTestNetParams());
else if (chain == CBaseChainParams::REGTEST)
return std::unique_ptr<CChainParams>(new CRegTestParams(gArgs));
throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("%s: Unknown chain %s.", __func__, chain));
}
void SelectParams(const std::string& network)
{
SelectBaseParams(network);
globalChainParams = CreateChainParams(network);
}
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