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Set up a GNOME desktop environment on WSL 2

WSL 2 GNOME Desktop

NOTE: If you want the ultimate Linux desktop experience, I highly recommend installing Linux as your main OS. I no longer use Windows (except in a VM) so I will not be maintaining this guide anymore.

Think Xfce looks dated? Want a conventional Ubuntu experience? This tutorial will guide you through installing Ubuntu's default desktop environment, GNOME.

GNOME is one of the more complex — and that means more difficult to run — desktop environments, so for years people couldn't figure out how to run it on WSL 2. On WSL 1 it could only run using very complicated methods that didn't transfer to well WSL 2. Any forlorn attempts to run it on WSL 2 only resulted in a smoldering heap of error messages.

But now you can!

Requirements:

  • WSL 2
  • Ubuntu 20.04 (other distros not tested)
  • An X server for Windows, such as VcXsrv
  • Basic knowledege on how to run GUI apps with WSL 2 (not required but highly recommended)

Getting ready

You've been regularly updating your distro, haven't you?

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Install GNOME: (maybe go eat a snack while it's installing?)

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop gnome

Open up your ~/.bashrc:

nano ~/.bashrc

And paste this in at the end and save:

export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2}'):0
export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1

If you try to start GNOME now, you'll get a lot of errors. Something along the lines of this, but a ton more errors:

Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused

(gnome-session-check-accelerated:6054): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:04:51.973: cannot open display: :0
Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused

(gnome-session-check-accelerated:6055): Gtk-WARNING **: 11:04:52.234: cannot open display: :0
gnome-session-binary[6044]: WARNING: software acceleration check failed: Child process exited with code 1
gnome-session-binary[6044]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....

The trick is to enable systemd: (note that this does break a lot of stuff such as Visual Studio Code Remote)

git clone https://github.com/DamionGans/ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.git
cd ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script/
bash ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.sh

Now shut down WSL 2: (run this in Windows)

wsl --shutdown

Starting GNOME

First, fire up your X server on Windows. Make sure you let it through your firewall and disable access control.

Now, start up Ubuntu again and start GNOME:

gnome-session

If you don't get any error messages, you should be good. Wait a few seconds for GNOME to start up.

desktop

Now you have a great GUI desktop and you won't need any intensive virtual machines anymore!

Profit?

Notes

  • You can disable the screensaver with gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0.
  • You can also try KDE Plamsa using a similar method! Just sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop instead and start it with startplasma-x11.

Troubleshooting

If you can't get this to work, try Xfce.

If you still can't get it to work, you can ask for help on an online forum such as r/bashonubuntuonwindows.

@efhayes2
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Nice! 2022, and that still seems to work.

I say "seems", because I may be hung on the "Welcome!" screen, but that's more than I had before

@irfancode
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irfancode commented May 16, 2022

So far full desktop experience WSL2
https://www.kali.org/docs/wsl/win-kex/

@Wither-Skeleton
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what's this error?
image

@foxtr0
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foxtr0 commented Jul 5, 2022

It's very, very slow when doing this with Cinnamon. Does anyone know what drivers I would need for ubuntu 20.04?

Did you find a solution? Its really slow for me too.

@rjolbrich
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Hello,
I think I'm dabbling in something over my head, but....

Has anyone persued this with Ubuntu and Distrod to provide systemd?

I have seen discussions about genie, but have attempted to use Distrod as a first step.

I am using VcXsrv also.

After successfully installing Distrod and starting VcXsrv, an attempt to start gnome-session yields the following Debug:

rjolbrich@DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:~$ sudo gnome-session --debug
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Enabling debugging
gnome-session-binary[957]: GLib-DEBUG(+): posix_spawn avoided (fd close requested)
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Could not make systemd aware of QT_IM_MODULE=ibus environment variable: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Could not make systemd aware of XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus environment variable: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Could not make systemd aware of GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated environment variable: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Could not make systemd aware of XDG_MENU_PREFIX=gnome- environment variable: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Finding a graphical session for user 0
gnome-session-binary[957]: WARNING: Could not get session id for session. Check that logind is properly installed and pam_systemd is getting used at login.
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Using systemd for session tracking
gnome-session-binary[957]: GLib-GIO-DEBUG(+): _g_io_module_get_default: Found default implementation dconf (DConfSettingsBackend) for ‘gsettings-backend’
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: setting client store 0x7ff5e800f420
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Could not make systemd aware of SESSION_MANAGER=local/DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/957,unix/DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:/tmp/.ICE-unix/957 environment variable: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): GsmXsmpServer: SESSION_MANAGER=local/DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/957,unix/DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:/tmp/.ICE-unix/957

gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): emitting SessionIsActive
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): fill: *** Getting session 'gnome'
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): fill: *** Looking if /root/.config/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session is a valid session file
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Cannot use session '/root/.config/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session': non-existing or invalid file.
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): fill: *** Looking if /etc/xdg/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session is a valid session file
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Cannot use session '/etc/xdg/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session': non-existing or invalid file.
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): fill: *** Looking if /usr/local/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session is a valid session file
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Cannot use session '/usr/local/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session': non-existing or invalid file.
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): fill: *** Looking if /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session is a valid session file
gnome-session-binary[957]: DEBUG(+): Cannot use session '/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/gnome.session': non-existing or invalid file.
gnome-session-binary[957]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....
rjolbrich@DESKTOP-6OBTGF6:~$

Like I said I may be over my head. Is this a Distrod/systemd problem or a VcXsrv problem?

@mingsxs
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mingsxs commented Jul 7, 2022

I don't really recommend adopting this method to set up the gnome desktop for your WSL2 if your windows is not new enough to get the builtin WSL2 GNOME desktop support. I tried this way yesterday and it ruined my network setting since the systemd daemon will initialize some socks and occupy some ports, then somehow both my neovim and ms store in windows were broken. :(
It took me nearly a whole afternoon to narrow down this issue, cause I didn't realize it could have anything to do this system hack at all. However, after removing this systemd hack stuff, my neovim and MS store came back right away.

@mingsxs
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mingsxs commented Jul 7, 2022

Guys who think this workaround is appealing should be noted.

@andmpel
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andmpel commented Jul 11, 2022

@mingsxs, which version if any does support gnome desktop?

@benny-dreamly
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Hi there, I used the script today and would now like to undo the changes, is there any way to do this? I had xrdp installed with xfce4 and it no longer works after I used this script. I renamed the start-systemd-namespace script thing in /usr/sbin/ as a temporary fix, but xrdp still is not working with xfce4. Help would be greatly appreciated.

@qngv98
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qngv98 commented Aug 19, 2022

This is not worked for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Support for 20.04 or older.

@Schievel1
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Got it running with that script.
On Debian for WSL2 you also need to install dbus-x11.
Oh, and when ZSH is used instead of Bash, put source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace into /etc/zsh/zshrc instead.

@RWilsker
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I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".

I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

@Schievel1
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I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".

I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

Maybe you can access the hard disk of the wsl2 vm from windows, I think it’s a vhd you could mount, located somewhere in c:/users/Appdata.
Then look in /etc/bash.bashrc for the line source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace and delete it.
or delete /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace altogether

@NouCake
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NouCake commented Sep 23, 2022

I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".
I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

Maybe you can access the hard disk of the wsl2 vm from windows, I think it’s a vhd you could mount, located somewhere in c:/users/Appdata. Then look in /etc/bash.bashrc for the line source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace and delete it. or delete /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace altogether

Worked perfectly, Thanks!

@sujithsugadathan
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is there any workaround to make it work on 22.04 ?

@qngv98
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qngv98 commented Sep 30, 2022

is there any workaround to make it work on 22.04 ?

Yes. It can work on 2204 but I'm not recomend using Ubuntu 2204 or Debian. You can find solution to make it work on 2204 here. I updateed to ubuntu 2204 but i must reinstall 2004 then

@yufengwang
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Since wsl2 supports systemd now, is it still worth trying ? thanks https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/

@andmpel
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andmpel commented Sep 30, 2022

@yufengwang since microsoft's systemd implementation only works on Windows 11. This project may still be useful for those running Windows 10.

@pota2dev
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what's this error? image

@Wither-Skeleton getting the same error. Did you find a solution?

@HuStmpHrrr
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it is recommended to install gWSL from the store. gWSL works out of the box. there is no need to configure your own x client now.

@andmpel
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andmpel commented Nov 24, 2022

anyone get this working with regular windows 11 wslg and native systemd? I might take a swing at it

@MrZhang21626
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MrZhang21626 commented Dec 5, 2022

Hello, I can't install acpi-support, but ubuntu-desktop need it. Do you have a solution?
image

@yufengwang
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I switched to dual boot system solution, wslg seems not working with me.

@MeggaGio
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MeggaGio commented Jan 4, 2023

image
can someone help me with this?

@StefaE
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StefaE commented Jan 29, 2023

all I now get is the following:

PS C:\Users\(username)> wsl
Sleeping for 1 second to let systemd settle
nsenter: cannot open /proc/26/ns/time: No such file or directory

How do I get back Ubuntu? -- LOCKED OUT

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ghost commented Feb 9, 2023

same. dumb. why hasnt the script been updated to not brick these vms -_-

@EndrDragon44
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all I now get is the following:

PS C:\Users\(username)> wsl
Sleeping for 1 second to let systemd settle
nsenter: cannot open /proc/26/ns/time: No such file or directory

How do I get back Ubuntu? -- LOCKED OUT

If you look at this post

I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".
I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

Maybe you can access the hard disk of the wsl2 vm from windows, I think it’s a vhd you could mount, located somewhere in c:/users/Appdata. Then look in /etc/bash.bashrc for the line source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace and delete it. or delete /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace altogether

it solved my problem. as i had the same. try this

@baibeta
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baibeta commented Feb 17, 2023

what's this error? image
Run
sudo ./enter-systemd-namespace
Then
gnome-session

@inflectrix
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inflectrix commented Mar 26, 2023

mine gets to the welcome screen of ubuntu and the entire terminal crashes

Edit: ran command via windows terminal and it shows that the login is timing out for whatever reason

@limbsjones
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it worked!! tanks!!!

@xiaokanchengyang
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Since wsl2 supports systemd now, is it still worth trying ? thanks https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/systemd-support-is-now-available-in-wsl/

You can take a look at this microsoft/WSL#8867 (comment), I solved the problem by this

@hgschwibbe
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hgschwibbe commented Aug 16, 2023

The following gnome startup works fine as well:

gnome-session --disable-acceleration-check

So there is no need to execute ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.

@NathalieLima
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I installed everything correctly, but when I run gnome-session it takes a while, but nothing appears on the VcXsrv Server. Does anyone have any idea what it might be?

@jloic
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jloic commented Nov 1, 2023

when I launch gnome-session, I get that. I tried all of the options in this thread but always get this error.
image
I can launch any X app, firefox, gnome-term etc. but for some reason the session does not want to launch and the --debug does show any error, just some warnings.

gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: adding client to end-session clients: /org/gnome/SessionManager/Client4
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: adding client to end-session clients: /org/gnome/SessionManager/Client13
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: adding client to end-session clients: /org/gnome/SessionManager/Client7
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: adding client to end-session clients: /org/gnome/SessionManager/Client16
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmDBusClient: got EndSessionResponse is-ok:1 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: Response from end session request: is-ok=1 do-last=0 cancel=0 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmDBusClient: got EndSessionResponse is-ok:1 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: Response from end session request: is-ok=1 do-last=0 cancel=0 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmDBusClient: got EndSessionResponse is-ok:1 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmManager: Response from end session request: is-ok=1 do-last=0 cancel=0 reason=
gnome-session-binary[88121]: DEBUG(+): GsmDBusClient: got EndSessionResponse is-ok:1 reason=

something is generating an end session and I don't know what.

@Zephyrel
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Zephyrel commented Nov 6, 2023

I got it together, though a different way than this post. Having researched quite a bit and having tried setting up wsl2 ubuntu linux and vcxsrv in a number of ways, eventually getting to where I'd be running gnome-session would result in either a very unstable environment prone to crashing by itself, or just error screening.

I've written down my process for gnome setup here. I would still not recommend this for any kind of production environment, but can always go for feedback to improve the approach here.
microsoft/WSL#9350 (comment)

@kothapet
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I get this error
** (process:550): WARNING **: 18:17:08.780: Could not make bus activated clients aware of XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME environment variable: Could not connect: No such file or directory

@Heng-Zhou
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Heng-Zhou commented Dec 15, 2023

I encountered both the same issue of ":-(" error screen as @jloic and unstable desktop prone to crash by itself as @Zephyrel, using the X forwarding method described in the original post. After three days of trial and error, I finally made it, solving all these issues. Below is a self-contained solution of WSL2 + Ubuntu GNOME connected via X forwarding. Please note that the original post and my solution is for X forwarding, if you wish to use Windows Remote Desktop to connect GNOME, please follow instructions here (I also got it through).

Environment:

  • Host: Dell desktop PC, CPU: i5-4690, memory: 16GB DDR3
  • Windows: Windows 10 22H2, Education 64 bit, [Version 10.0.19045.3693]
  • WSL2: 2.0.9.0
  • Guest OS: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
  • GUI desktop: GNOME 42.9
  • X server: VcXsrv 1.20.14.0

Solution:

  1. Install WSL + Ubuntu on a Windows machine of version 1903 or later (I am using 22H2).
    • Open Windows command line as Administrator. Run
      dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
      dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
      
      to enable Windows Subsystem for Linux and Virtual Machine features.
    • Restart Windows to apply the above step. This step cannot be skipped.
    • Download WSL2 update package from here and install it. If you did not restart in the above step, you would receive error "This update only applies to machines with the Windows Subsystem for Linux" and "Windows Subsystem for Linux Update Setup Wizard ended prematurely".
    • Open Windows command line (you don't need to be Administrator this time) and run
      wsl --install -d ubuntu
    • Input UNIX username (i.e., Ubuntu username) and password in the prompt.
  2. When WSL2 + Ubuntu installation is done, in Ubuntu command line, run
sudo apt update
sudo apt-mark hold acpid acpi-support
sudo apt upgrade
  1. Install GNOME: sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop gnome. Go eat a snack as the original post suggests.
  2. Install ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script:
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/DamionGans/ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.git
cd ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script/
./ubuntu-wsl2-systemd-script.sh
  1. Exit WSL and Ubuntu by typing exit. In Windows command line, run
wsl --shutdown
wsl --update
wsl
  1. When you are back in the Ubuntu command line in WSL, export the following environment variables:
export DISPLAY="$(ip route | awk '{print $3; exit}')":0;
export XDG_CONFIG_HOME=$HOME/.config
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/etc/xdg
export XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP=ubuntu
export XDG_SESSION_TYPE=x11
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=ubuntu:GNOME
export XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop
export GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="/run/user/1000"
sudo mkdir -p /run/user/1000
sudo chmod 700 /run/user/1000
sudo chown $(whoami): /run/user/1000

  1. Go to https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/ to download VcXsrv Windows X Server. The version I am using is 1.20.14.0. Install it in Windows.
  2. Start VcXsrv by running XLaunch in Windows (if a previous VcXsrv is running, exit it. The settings of VcXsrv matter). Select "Fullscreen" in the first page. Fill up the "Additional parameters for VcXsrv" field in the third page with -ac -wgl -dpms.

When VcXsrv starts, you might see a whole black screen. That's the effect of full screen without contents yet. Press Alt-Tab to switch to Ubuntu command line in WSL.

  1. Run dbus-launch --exit-with-session gnome-session
  2. Go to the full-screen VcXsrv window. The Ubuntu GNOME desktop should show up now. Enjoy!
  3. You can just leave the GNOME alone when you don't use it. But if you really wanna quit GNOME, either close the VcXsrv window or press Ctrl-C on the Ubuntu command line in WSL.

@kothapet
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Followed all the steps with fresh install of ubuntu, but just black screen in VcXsrv.. No Gnome desktop.

@Heng-Zhou
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Followed all the steps with fresh install of ubuntu, but just black screen in VcXsrv.. No Gnome desktop.

I tried it just now and it works just as fine. Below is my screen and I don't know what is blocking on your side. Sorry about that.
image

@Minhajur-NE-25
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Minhajur-NE-25 commented Dec 24, 2023

@Heng-Zhou Excellent! my man. Hours of headache paid off

@kartik-47
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kartik-47 commented Dec 28, 2023

I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".
I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

Maybe you can access the hard disk of the wsl2 vm from windows, I think it’s a vhd you could mount, located somewhere in c:/users/Appdata. Then look in /etc/bash.bashrc for the line source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace and delete it. or delete /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace altogether

Screenshot (71)

Can someone please help me with this, I am facing this issue while editing the file. I've done everything nothing happening. Now my ubuntu is also not working it's showing it is going to sleep idk what's happening.

@yukilikespie
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@kothapet I also had the same issue, but then I set guiApplications to false, like here: https://github.com/microsoft/wslg#wslg-system-distro and it worked afterwards.

@kartik-47
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I have the same issue as ghost - this has put my system into an infinite look that just keeps saying "sleeping for one second to let systems settle".
I'm going to have to reinstall Ubuntu.

Maybe you can access the hard disk of the wsl2 vm from windows, I think it’s a vhd you could mount, located somewhere in c:/users/Appdata. Then look in /etc/bash.bashrc for the line source /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace and delete it. or delete /usr/sbin/start-systemd-namespace altogether

But I am not able to edit this bashrc file, can you please help me with this?

@ranasaria
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I get this error when I try to start ubuntu having shut it down:

Cannot execute daemonize to start systemd.

[process exited with code 1 (0x00000001)]
You can now close this terminal with Ctrl+D, or press Enter to restart.

@rock3tsprocket
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rock3tsprocket commented Jan 31, 2024

?
bskdjghsdjgkgkgrlekgekjgldgbkdnglgbdkfngkjbglefgkbfjngerkgbelgbkfejbglfdbg
Yes, i done all the previous steps except for bashing the sh file (which i done just now), but when running Gnome this happens.
Edit: after rebooting Ubuntu 22.04 it doesn't even work anymore

@Momo140868
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You saved my life with all this, thank you very much

@lorksoft
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lorksoft commented Feb 14, 2024

anyone get this working with regular windows 11 wslg and native systemd? I might take a swing at it

Yes,after the step, in the first post (git clone ......) (i try it on debian)

i don't use vxsrv
i install Xephyr

sudo apt install xserver-xephyr

and

Xephyr :2 &
DISPLAY=:2
gnome-session

play with Xephyr options to change size ...

@ARntn
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ARntn commented Feb 25, 2024

can you use it with debian wsl too?

@lorksoft
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Yes, i do it on Debian

@lanietoc
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it is recommended to install gWSL from the store. gWSL works out of the box. there is no need to configure your own x client now.

Looks great but it's not free.
Thanks for your recommendation.

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