ahmedelgabri/ANSI.md

## ANSI.md

      
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    ANSI Escape Sequences

Standard escape codes are prefixed with Escape:

Ctrl-Key: ^[
Octal: \033
Unicode: \u001b
Hexadecimal: \x1B
Decimal: 27

Followed by the command, somtimes delimited by opening square bracket ([), known as a Control Sequence Introducer (CSI), optionally followed by arguments and the command itself.
Arguments are delimeted by semi colon (;).
For example:
\x1b[1;31m  # Set style to bold, red foreground.
Sequences


ESC - sequence starting with ESC (\x1B)
CSI - Control Sequence Introducer: sequence starting with ESC [ or CSI (\x9B)
DCS - Device Control String: sequence starting with ESC P or DCS (\x90)
OSC - Operating System Command: sequence starting with ESC ] or OSC (\x9D)

Any whitespaces between sequences and arguments should be ignored. They are present for improved readability.
General ASCII Codes


Name
decimal
octal
hex
C-escape
Ctrl-Key
Description


BEL
7
007
0x07
\a
^G
Terminal bell


BS
8
010
0x08
\b
^H
Backspace


HT
9
011
0x09
\t
^I
Horizontal TAB


LF
10
012
0x0A
\n
^J
Linefeed (newline)


VT
11
013
0x0B
\v
^K
Vertical TAB


FF
12
014
0x0C
\f
^L
Formfeed (also: New page NP)


CR
13
015
0x0D
\r
^M
Carriage return


ESC
27
033
0x1B
\e*
^[
Escape character


DEL
127
177
0x7F
<none>
<none>
Delete character


Note: Some control escape sequences, like \e for ESC, are not guaranteed to work in all languages and compilers. It is recommended to use the decimal, octal or hex representation as escape code.


Note: The Ctrl-Key representation is simply associating the non-printable characters from ASCII code 1 with the printable (letter) characters from ASCII code 65 ("A"). ASCII code 1 would be ^A (Ctrl-A), while ASCII code 7 (BEL) would be ^G (Ctrl-G). This is a common representation (and input method) and historically comes from one of the VT series of terminals.

Cursor Controls


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[H
moves cursor to home position (0, 0)


ESC[{line};{column}H 
 ESC[{line};{column}f
moves cursor to line #, column #


ESC[#A
moves cursor up # lines


ESC[#B
moves cursor down # lines


ESC[#C
moves cursor right # columns


ESC[#D
moves cursor left # columns


ESC[#E
moves cursor to beginning of next line, # lines down


ESC[#F
moves cursor to beginning of previous line, # lines up


ESC[#G
moves cursor to column #


ESC[6n
request cursor position (reports as ESC[#;#R)


ESC M
moves cursor one line up, scrolling if needed


ESC 7
save cursor position (DEC)


ESC 8
restores the cursor to the last saved position (DEC)


ESC[s
save cursor position (SCO)


ESC[u
restores the cursor to the last saved position (SCO)


Note: Some sequences, like saving and restoring cursors, are private sequences and are not standardized. While some terminal emulators (i.e. xterm and derived) support both SCO and DEC sequences, they are likely to have different functionality. It is therefore recommended to use DEC sequences.

Erase Functions


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[J
erase in display (same as ESC[0J)


ESC[0J
erase from cursor until end of screen


ESC[1J
erase from cursor to beginning of screen


ESC[2J
erase entire screen


ESC[3J
erase saved lines


ESC[K
erase in line (same as ESC[0K)


ESC[0K
erase from cursor to end of line


ESC[1K
erase start of line to the cursor


ESC[2K
erase the entire line


Note: Erasing the line won't move the cursor, meaning that the cursor will stay at the last position it was at before the line was erased. You can use \r after erasing the line, to return the cursor to the start of the current line.

Colors / Graphics Mode


ESC Code Sequence
Reset Sequence
Description


ESC[1;34;{...}m

Set graphics modes for cell, separated by semicolon (;).


ESC[0m

reset all modes (styles and colors)


ESC[1m
ESC[22m
set bold mode.


ESC[2m
ESC[22m
set dim/faint mode.


ESC[3m
ESC[23m
set italic mode.


ESC[4m
ESC[24m
set underline mode.


ESC[5m
ESC[25m
set blinking mode


ESC[7m
ESC[27m
set inverse/reverse mode


ESC[8m
ESC[28m
set hidden/invisible mode


ESC[9m
ESC[29m
set strikethrough mode.


Note: Some terminals may not support some of the graphic mode sequences listed above.


Note: Both dim and bold modes are reset with the ESC[22m sequence. The ESC[21m sequence is a non-specified sequence for double underline mode and only work in some terminals and is reset with ESC[24m.

Color codes

Most terminals support 8 and 16 colors, as well as 256 (8-bit) colors. These colors are set by the user, but have commonly defined meanings.
8-16 Colors


Color Name
Foreground Color Code
Background Color Code


Black
30
40


Red
31
41


Green
32
42


Yellow
33
43


Blue
34
44


Magenta
35
45


Cyan
36
46


White
37
47


Default
39
49


Reset
0
0


Note: the Reset color is the reset code that resets all colors and text effects, Use Default color to reset colors only.

Most terminals, apart from the basic set of 8 colors, also support the "bright" or "bold" colors. These have their own set of codes, mirroring the normal colors, but with an additional ;1 in their codes:
# Set style to bold, red foreground.
\x1b[1;31mHello
# Set style to dimmed white foreground with red background.
\x1b[2;37;41mWorld
Terminals that support the aixterm specification provides bright versions of the ISO colors, without the need to use the bold modifier:


Color Name
Foreground Color Code
Background Color Code


Bright Black
90
100


Bright Red
91
101


Bright Green
92
102


Bright Yellow
93
103


Bright Blue
94
104


Bright Magenta
95
105


Bright Cyan
96
106


Bright White
97
107


256 Colors

The following escape codes tells the terminal to use the given color ID:


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[38;5;{ID}m
Set foreground color.


ESC[48;5;{ID}m
Set background color.


Where {ID} should be replaced with the color index from 0 to 255 of the following color table:

The table starts with the original 16 colors (0-15).
The proceeding 216 colors (16-231) or formed by a 3bpc RGB value offset by 16, packed into a single value.
The final 24 colors (232-255) are grayscale starting from a shade slighly lighter than black, ranging up to shade slightly darker than white.
Some emulators interpret these steps as linear increments (256 / 24) on all three channels, although some emulators may explicitly define these values.
RGB Colors

More modern terminals supports Truecolor (24-bit RGB), which allows you to set foreground and background colors using RGB.
These escape sequences are usually not well documented.


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[38;2;{r};{g};{b}m
Set foreground color as RGB.


ESC[48;2;{r};{g};{b}m
Set background color as RGB.


Note that ;38 and ;48 corresponds to the 16 color sequence and is interpreted by the terminal to set the foreground and background color respectively. Where as ;2 and ;5 sets the color format.

Screen Modes

Set Mode


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[={value}h
Changes the screen width or type to the mode specified by value.


ESC[=0h
40 x 25 monochrome (text)


ESC[=1h
40 x 25 color (text)


ESC[=2h
80 x 25 monochrome (text)


ESC[=3h
80 x 25 color (text)


ESC[=4h
320 x 200 4-color (graphics)


ESC[=5h
320 x 200 monochrome (graphics)


ESC[=6h
640 x 200 monochrome (graphics)


ESC[=7h
Enables line wrapping


ESC[=13h
320 x 200 color (graphics)


ESC[=14h
640 x 200 color (16-color graphics)


ESC[=15h
640 x 350 monochrome (2-color graphics)


ESC[=16h
640 x 350 color (16-color graphics)


ESC[=17h
640 x 480 monochrome (2-color graphics)


ESC[=18h
640 x 480 color (16-color graphics)


ESC[=19h
320 x 200 color (256-color graphics)


ESC[={value}l
Resets the mode by using the same values that Set Mode uses, except for 7, which disables line wrapping. The last character in this escape sequence is a lowercase L.


Common Private Modes

These are some examples of private modes, which are not defined by the specification, but are implemented in most terminals.


ESC Code Sequence
Description


ESC[?25l
make cursor invisible


ESC[?25h
make cursor visible


ESC[?47l
restore screen


ESC[?47h
save screen


ESC[?1049h
enables the alternative buffer


ESC[?1049l
disables the alternative buffer


Refer to the XTerm Control Sequences for a more in-depth list of private modes defined by XTerm.

Note: While these modes may be supported by the most terminals, some may not work in multiplexers like tmux.

Keyboard Strings

ESC[{code};{string};{...}p
Redefines a keyboard key to a specified string.
The parameters for this escape sequence are defined as follows:


code is one or more of the values listed in the following table. These values represent keyboard keys and key combinations. When using these values in a command, you must type the semicolons shown in this table in addition to the semicolons required by the escape sequence. The codes in parentheses are not available on some keyboards. ANSI.SYS will not interpret the codes in parentheses for those keyboards unless you specify the /X switch in the DEVICE command for ANSI.SYS.


string is either the ASCII code for a single character or a string contained in quotation marks. For example, both 65 and "A" can be used to represent an uppercase A.


IMPORTANT: Some of the values in the following table are not valid for all computers. Check your computer's documentation for values that are different.

List of keyboard strings


Key
Code
SHIFT+code
CTRL+code
ALT+code


F1
0;59
0;84
0;94
0;104


F2
0;60
0;85
0;95
0;105


F3
0;61
0;86
0;96
0;106


F4
0;62
0;87
0;97
0;107


F5
0;63
0;88
0;98
0;108


F6
0;64
0;89
0;99
0;109


F7
0;65
0;90
0;100
0;110


F8
0;66
0;91
0;101
0;111


F9
0;67
0;92
0;102
0;112


F10
0;68
0;93
0;103
0;113


F11
0;133
0;135
0;137
0;139


F12
0;134
0;136
0;138
0;140


HOME (num keypad)
0;71
55
0;119
--


UP ARROW (num keypad)
0;72
56
(0;141)
--


PAGE UP (num keypad)
0;73
57
0;132
--


LEFT ARROW (num keypad)
0;75
52
0;115
--


RIGHT ARROW (num keypad)
0;77
54
0;116
--


END (num keypad)
0;79
49
0;117
--


DOWN ARROW (num keypad)
0;80
50
(0;145)
--


PAGE DOWN (num keypad)
0;81
51
0;118
--


INSERT (num keypad)
0;82
48
(0;146)
--


DELETE (num keypad)
0;83
46
(0;147)
--


HOME
(224;71)
(224;71)
(224;119)
(224;151)


UP ARROW
(224;72)
(224;72)
(224;141)
(224;152)


PAGE UP
(224;73)
(224;73)
(224;132)
(224;153)


LEFT ARROW
(224;75)
(224;75)
(224;115)
(224;155)


RIGHT ARROW
(224;77)
(224;77)
(224;116)
(224;157)


END
(224;79)
(224;79)
(224;117)
(224;159)


DOWN ARROW
(224;80)
(224;80)
(224;145)
(224;154)


PAGE DOWN
(224;81)
(224;81)
(224;118)
(224;161)


INSERT
(224;82)
(224;82)
(224;146)
(224;162)


DELETE
(224;83)
(224;83)
(224;147)
(224;163)


PRINT SCREEN
--
--
0;114
--


PAUSE/BREAK
--
--
0;0
--


BACKSPACE
8
8
127
(0)


ENTER
13
--
10
(0


TAB
9
0;15
(0;148)
(0;165)


NULL
0;3
--
--
--


A
97
65
1
0;30


B
98
66
2
0;48


C
99
66
3
0;46


D
100
68
4
0;32


E
101
69
5
0;18


F
102
70
6
0;33


G
103
71
7
0;34


H
104
72
8
0;35


I
105
73
9
0;23


J
106
74
10
0;36


K
107
75
11
0;37


L
108
76
12
0;38


M
109
77
13
0;50


N
110
78
14
0;49


O
111
79
15
0;24


P
112
80
16
0;25


Q
113
81
17
0;16


R
114
82
18
0;19


S
115
83
19
0;31


T
116
84
20
0;20


U
117
85
21
0;22


V
118
86
22
0;47


W
119
87
23
0;17


X
120
88
24
0;45


Y
121
89
25
0;21


Z
122
90
26
0;44


1
49
33
--
0;120


2
50
64
0
0;121


3
51
35
--
0;122


4
52
36
--
0;123


5
53
37
--
0;124


6
54
94
30
0;125


7
55
38
--
0;126


8
56
42
--
0;126


9
57
40
--
0;127


0
48
41
--
0;129


-
45
95
31
0;130


=
61
43
---
0;131


[
91
123
27
0;26


]
93
125
29
0;27


92
124
28
0;43


;
59
58
--
0;39


'
39
34
--
0;40


,
44
60
--
0;51


.
46
62
--
0;52


/
47
63
--
0;53


`
96
126
--
(0;41)


ENTER (keypad)
13
--
10
(0;166)


/ (keypad)
47
47
(0;142)
(0;74)


* (keypad)
42
(0;144)
(0;78)
--


- (keypad)
45
45
(0;149)
(0;164)


+ (keypad)
43
43
(0;150)
(0;55)


5 (keypad)
(0;76)
53
(0;143)
--


Resources


Wikipedia: ANSI escape code
Build your own Command Line with ANSI escape codes
ascii-table: ANSI Escape sequences
bluesock: ansi codes
bash-hackers: Terminal Codes (ANSI/VT100) introduction
XTerm Control Sequences
VT100 – Various terminal manuals
xterm.js – Supported Terminal Sequences
Name	decimal	octal	hex	C-escape	Ctrl-Key	Description
`BEL`	7	007	0x07	`\a`	`^G`	Terminal bell
`BS`	8	010	0x08	`\b`	`^H`	Backspace
`HT`	9	011	0x09	`\t`	`^I`	Horizontal TAB
`LF`	10	012	0x0A	`\n`	`^J`	Linefeed (newline)
`VT`	11	013	0x0B	`\v`	`^K`	Vertical TAB
`FF`	12	014	0x0C	`\f`	`^L`	Formfeed (also: New page `NP`)
`CR`	13	015	0x0D	`\r`	`^M`	Carriage return
`ESC`	27	033	0x1B	`\e`*	`^[`	Escape character
`DEL`	127	177	0x7F	`<none>`	`<none>`	Delete character
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[H`	moves cursor to home position (0, 0)
`ESC[{line};{column}H` `ESC[{line};{column}f`	moves cursor to line #, column #
`ESC[#A`	moves cursor up # lines
`ESC[#B`	moves cursor down # lines
`ESC[#C`	moves cursor right # columns
`ESC[#D`	moves cursor left # columns
`ESC[#E`	moves cursor to beginning of next line, # lines down
`ESC[#F`	moves cursor to beginning of previous line, # lines up
`ESC[#G`	moves cursor to column #
`ESC[6n`	request cursor position (reports as `ESC[#;#R`)
`ESC M`	moves cursor one line up, scrolling if needed
`ESC 7`	save cursor position (DEC)
`ESC 8`	restores the cursor to the last saved position (DEC)
`ESC[s`	save cursor position (SCO)
`ESC[u`	restores the cursor to the last saved position (SCO)
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[J`	erase in display (same as ESC[0J)
`ESC[0J`	erase from cursor until end of screen
`ESC[1J`	erase from cursor to beginning of screen
`ESC[2J`	erase entire screen
`ESC[3J`	erase saved lines
`ESC[K`	erase in line (same as ESC[0K)
`ESC[0K`	erase from cursor to end of line
`ESC[1K`	erase start of line to the cursor
`ESC[2K`	erase the entire line
ESC Code Sequence	Reset Sequence	Description
`ESC[1;34;{...}m`		Set graphics modes for cell, separated by semicolon (`;`).
`ESC[0m`		reset all modes (styles and colors)
`ESC[1m`	`ESC[22m`	set bold mode.
`ESC[2m`	`ESC[22m`	set dim/faint mode.
`ESC[3m`	`ESC[23m`	set italic mode.
`ESC[4m`	`ESC[24m`	set underline mode.
`ESC[5m`	`ESC[25m`	set blinking mode
`ESC[7m`	`ESC[27m`	set inverse/reverse mode
`ESC[8m`	`ESC[28m`	set hidden/invisible mode
`ESC[9m`	`ESC[29m`	set strikethrough mode.
Color Name	Foreground Color Code	Background Color Code
Black	`30`	`40`
Red	`31`	`41`
Green	`32`	`42`
Yellow	`33`	`43`
Blue	`34`	`44`
Magenta	`35`	`45`
Cyan	`36`	`46`
White	`37`	`47`
Default	`39`	`49`
Reset	`0`	`0`
Color Name	Foreground Color Code	Background Color Code
Bright Black	`90`	`100`
Bright Red	`91`	`101`
Bright Green	`92`	`102`
Bright Yellow	`93`	`103`
Bright Blue	`94`	`104`
Bright Magenta	`95`	`105`
Bright Cyan	`96`	`106`
Bright White	`97`	`107`
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[38;5;{ID}m`	Set foreground color.
`ESC[48;5;{ID}m`	Set background color.
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[38;2;{r};{g};{b}m`	Set foreground color as RGB.
`ESC[48;2;{r};{g};{b}m`	Set background color as RGB.
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[={value}h`	Changes the screen width or type to the mode specified by value.
`ESC[=0h`	40 x 25 monochrome (text)
`ESC[=1h`	40 x 25 color (text)
`ESC[=2h`	80 x 25 monochrome (text)
`ESC[=3h`	80 x 25 color (text)
`ESC[=4h`	320 x 200 4-color (graphics)
`ESC[=5h`	320 x 200 monochrome (graphics)
`ESC[=6h`	640 x 200 monochrome (graphics)
`ESC[=7h`	Enables line wrapping
`ESC[=13h`	320 x 200 color (graphics)
`ESC[=14h`	640 x 200 color (16-color graphics)
`ESC[=15h`	640 x 350 monochrome (2-color graphics)
`ESC[=16h`	640 x 350 color (16-color graphics)
`ESC[=17h`	640 x 480 monochrome (2-color graphics)
`ESC[=18h`	640 x 480 color (16-color graphics)
`ESC[=19h`	320 x 200 color (256-color graphics)
`ESC[={value}l`	Resets the mode by using the same values that Set Mode uses, except for 7, which disables line wrapping. The last character in this escape sequence is a lowercase L.
ESC Code Sequence	Description
`ESC[?25l`	make cursor invisible
`ESC[?25h`	make cursor visible
`ESC[?47l`	restore screen
`ESC[?47h`	save screen
`ESC[?1049h`	enables the alternative buffer
`ESC[?1049l`	disables the alternative buffer