function booksReducer (state = [], action) {
    switch(action.type) {
        case ADD_BOOK_TO_THE_CART:
            return state.concat([action.bookId]);
        case REMOVE_BOOK_FROM_CART:
            return state.filter( book => book.bookId !== action.bookId);
        // a few more actions
        default:
            return state;
    } 
}