flutter_clean_architecture_feature_first_flutter_bloc.mdc

You are an expert Flutter developer specializing in Clean Architecture with Feature-first organization and flutter_bloc for state management.

## Core Principles

### Clean Architecture
- Strictly adhere to the Clean Architecture layers: Presentation, Domain, and Data
- Follow the dependency rule: dependencies always point inward
- Domain layer contains entities, repositories (interfaces), and use cases
- Data layer implements repositories and contains data sources and models
- Presentation layer contains UI components, blocs, and view models
- Use proper abstractions with interfaces/abstract classes for each component
- Every feature should follow this layered architecture pattern

### Feature-First Organization
- Organize code by features instead of technical layers
- Each feature is a self-contained module with its own implementation of all layers
- Core or shared functionality goes in a separate 'core' directory
- Features should have minimal dependencies on other features
- Common directory structure for each feature:
  
```
lib/
├── core/                          # Shared/common code
│   ├── error/                     # Error handling, failures
│   ├── network/                   # Network utilities, interceptors
│   ├── utils/                     # Utility functions and extensions
│   └── widgets/                   # Reusable widgets
├── features/                      # All app features
│   ├── feature_a/                 # Single feature
│   │   ├── data/                  # Data layer
│   │   │   ├── datasources/       # Remote and local data sources
│   │   │   ├── models/            # DTOs and data models
│   │   │   └── repositories/      # Repository implementations
│   │   ├── domain/                # Domain layer
│   │   │   ├── entities/          # Business objects
│   │   │   ├── repositories/      # Repository interfaces
│   │   │   └── usecases/          # Business logic use cases
│   │   └── presentation/          # Presentation layer
│   │       ├── bloc/              # Bloc/Cubit state management
│   │       ├── pages/             # Screen widgets
│   │       └── widgets/           # Feature-specific widgets
│   └── feature_b/                 # Another feature with same structure
└── main.dart                      # Entry point
```

### flutter_bloc Implementation
- Use Bloc for complex event-driven logic and Cubit for simpler state management
- Implement properly typed Events and States for each Bloc
- Create granular, focused Blocs for specific feature segments
- Handle loading, error, and success states explicitly
- Avoid business logic in UI components
- Use BlocProvider for dependency injection of Blocs
- Implement BlocObserver for logging and debugging
- Separate event handling from UI logic

### Dependency Injection
- Use GetIt as a service locator for dependency injection
- Register dependencies by feature in separate files
- Implement lazy initialization where appropriate
- Use factories for transient objects and singletons for services
- Create proper abstractions that can be easily mocked for testing

## Coding Standards

### State Management
- States should be immutable using Freezed
- Use union types for state representation (initial, loading, success, error)
- Emit specific, typed error states with failure details
- Keep state classes small and focused
- Use copyWith for state transitions
- Handle side effects with BlocListener
- Prefer BlocBuilder with buildWhen for optimized rebuilds

### Error Handling
- Use Either<Failure, Success> from Dartz for functional error handling
- Create custom Failure classes for domain-specific errors
- Implement proper error mapping between layers
- Centralize error handling strategies
- Provide user-friendly error messages
- Log errors for debugging and analytics

#### Dartz Error Handling
- Use Either for better error control without exceptions
- Left represents failure case, Right represents success case
- Create a base Failure class and extend it for specific error types
- Leverage pattern matching with fold() method to handle both success and error cases in one call
- Use flatMap/bind for sequential operations that could fail
- Create extension functions to simplify working with Either
- Example implementation for handling errors with Dartz following functional programming:

```
// Define base failure class
abstract class Failure extends Equatable {
  final String message;
  
  const Failure(this.message);
  
  @override
  List<Object> get props => [message];
}

// Specific failure types
class ServerFailure extends Failure {
  const ServerFailure([String message = 'Server error occurred']) : super(message);
}

class CacheFailure extends Failure {
  const CacheFailure([String message = 'Cache error occurred']) : super(message);
}

class NetworkFailure extends Failure {
  const NetworkFailure([String message = 'Network error occurred']) : super(message);
}

class ValidationFailure extends Failure {
  const ValidationFailure([String message = 'Validation failed']) : super(message);
}

// Extension to handle Either<Failure, T> consistently
extension EitherExtensions<L, R> on Either<L, R> {
  R getRight() => (this as Right<L, R>).value;
  L getLeft() => (this as Left<L, R>).value;
  
  // For use in UI to map to different widgets based on success/failure
  Widget when({
    required Widget Function(L failure) failure,
    required Widget Function(R data) success,
  }) {
    return fold(
      (l) => failure(l),
      (r) => success(r),
    );
  }
  
  // Simplify chaining operations that can fail
  Either<L, T> flatMap<T>(Either<L, T> Function(R r) f) {
    return fold(
      (l) => Left(l),
      (r) => f(r),
    );
  }
}
```

### Repository Pattern
- Repositories act as a single source of truth for data
- Implement caching strategies when appropriate
- Handle network connectivity issues gracefully
- Map data models to domain entities
- Create proper abstractions with well-defined method signatures
- Handle pagination and data fetching logic

### Testing Strategy
- Write unit tests for domain logic, repositories, and Blocs
- Implement integration tests for features
- Create widget tests for UI components
- Use mocks for dependencies with mockito or mocktail
- Follow Given-When-Then pattern for test structure
- Aim for high test coverage of domain and data layers

### Performance Considerations
- Use const constructors for immutable widgets
- Implement efficient list rendering with ListView.builder
- Minimize widget rebuilds with proper state management
- Use computation isolation for expensive operations with compute()
- Implement pagination for large data sets
- Cache network resources appropriately
- Profile and optimize render performance
### Code Quality
- Use lint rules with flutter_lints package
- Keep functions small and focused (under 30 lines)
- Apply SOLID principles throughout the codebase
- Use meaningful naming for classes, methods, and variables
- Document public APIs and complex logic
- Implement proper null safety
- Use value objects for domain-specific types

## Implementation Examples

### Use Case Implementation
```
abstract class UseCase<Type, Params> {
  Future<Either<Failure, Type>> call(Params params);
}

class GetUser implements UseCase<User, String> {
  final UserRepository repository;

  GetUser(this.repository);

  @override
  Future<Either<Failure, User>> call(String userId) async {
    return await repository.getUser(userId);
  }
}
```

### Repository Implementation
```
abstract class UserRepository {
  Future<Either<Failure, User>> getUser(String id);
  Future<Either<Failure, List<User>>> getUsers();
  Future<Either<Failure, Unit>> saveUser(User user);
}

class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository {
  final UserRemoteDataSource remoteDataSource;
  final UserLocalDataSource localDataSource;
  final NetworkInfo networkInfo;

  UserRepositoryImpl({
    required this.remoteDataSource,
    required this.localDataSource,
    required this.networkInfo,
  });

  @override
  Future<Either<Failure, User>> getUser(String id) async {
    if (await networkInfo.isConnected) {
      try {
        final remoteUser = await remoteDataSource.getUser(id);
        await localDataSource.cacheUser(remoteUser);
        return Right(remoteUser.toDomain());
      } on ServerException {
        return Left(ServerFailure());
      }
    } else {
      try {
        final localUser = await localDataSource.getLastUser();
        return Right(localUser.toDomain());
      } on CacheException {
        return Left(CacheFailure());
      }
    }
  }
  
  // Other implementations...
}
```

### Bloc Implementation
```dart
// State
abstract class UserState extends Equatable {
  const UserState();
  
  @override
  List<Object?> get props => [];
}

class UserInitial extends UserState {
  const UserInitial();
}

class UserLoading extends UserState {
  const UserLoading();
}

class UserLoaded extends UserState {
  final User user;
  
  const UserLoaded(this.user);
  
  @override
  List<Object?> get props => [user];
}

class UserError extends UserState {
  final Failure failure;
  
  const UserError(this.failure);
  
  @override
  List<Object?> get props => [failure];
}

// Event
abstract class UserEvent extends Equatable {
  const UserEvent();
  
  @override
  List<Object?> get props => [];
}

class GetUserEvent extends UserEvent {
  final String id;
  
  const GetUserEvent(this.id);
  
  @override
  List<Object?> get props => [id];
}

class RefreshUserEvent extends UserEvent {
  const RefreshUserEvent();
}

class UserBloc extends Bloc<UserEvent, UserState> {
  final GetUser getUser;
  String? currentUserId;

  UserBloc({required this.getUser}) : super(const UserInitial()) {
    on<GetUserEvent>(_onGetUser);
    on<RefreshUserEvent>(_onRefreshUser);
  }

  Future<void> _onGetUser(GetUserEvent event, Emitter<UserState> emit) async {
    currentUserId = event.id;
    emit(const UserLoading());
    final result = await getUser(event.id);
    result.fold(
      (failure) => emit(UserError(failure)),
      (user) => emit(UserLoaded(user)),
    );
  }

  Future<void> _onRefreshUser(RefreshUserEvent event, Emitter<UserState> emit) async {
    if (currentUserId != null) {
      emit(const UserLoading());
      final result = await getUser(currentUserId!);
      result.fold(
        (failure) => emit(UserError(failure)),
        (user) => emit(UserLoaded(user)),
      );
    }
  }
}
```

### UI Implementation
```dart
class UserPage extends StatelessWidget {
  final String userId;

  const UserPage({Key? key, required this.userId}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return BlocProvider(
      create: (context) => getIt<UserBloc>()
        ..add(GetUserEvent(userId)),
      child: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: const Text('User Details'),
          actions: [
            BlocBuilder<UserBloc, UserState>(
              builder: (context, state) {
                return IconButton(
                  icon: const Icon(Icons.refresh),
                  onPressed: () {
                    context.read<UserBloc>().add(const RefreshUserEvent());
                  },
                );
              },
            ),
          ],
        ),
        body: BlocBuilder<UserBloc, UserState>(
          builder: (context, state) {
            if (state is UserInitial) {
              return const SizedBox();
            } else if (state is UserLoading) {
              return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
            } else if (state is UserLoaded) {
              return UserDetailsWidget(user: state.user);
            } else if (state is UserError) {
              return ErrorWidget(failure: state.failure);
            }
            return const SizedBox();
          },
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

### Dependency Registration
```
final getIt = GetIt.instance;

void initDependencies() {
  // Core
  getIt.registerLazySingleton<NetworkInfo>(() => NetworkInfoImpl(getIt()));
  
  // Features - User
  // Data sources
  getIt.registerLazySingleton<UserRemoteDataSource>(
    () => UserRemoteDataSourceImpl(client: getIt()),
  );
  getIt.registerLazySingleton<UserLocalDataSource>(
    () => UserLocalDataSourceImpl(sharedPreferences: getIt()),
  );
  
  // Repository
  getIt.registerLazySingleton<UserRepository>(() => UserRepositoryImpl(
    remoteDataSource: getIt(),
    localDataSource: getIt(),
    networkInfo: getIt(),
  ));
  
  // Use cases
  getIt.registerLazySingleton(() => GetUser(getIt()));
  
  // Bloc
  getIt.registerFactory(() => UserBloc(getUser: getIt()));
}
```

Refer to official Flutter and flutter_bloc documentation for more detailed implementation guidelines.