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Futures/Promises proof of concept in Swift for Linux (first draft)
/* Basic (Scala-esque) Futures/Promises in Swift on Linux (first draft)
* Author: Andrew Bulhak (https://github.com/andrewcb/)
* Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. Some rights reserved.
*
* Note: this code will not be performant until there's a proper
* libdispatch available.
*/
import Foundation
import NSLinux
import Glibc
/* POSIX semaphores used for awaiting Futures */
let NSEC_PER_SEC = 1000000000
extension timespec {
mutating func addnsec(nsec: Int) {
let nnsec = tv_nsec + nsec
tv_nsec = nnsec % NSEC_PER_SEC
tv_sec += nnsec / NSEC_PER_SEC
}
}
extension sem_t {
mutating func getvalue() -> Int32 {
var v: Int32 = 0
sem_getvalue(&self, &v)
return v
}
mutating func timedwait(inout deadline: timespec) -> Int32 {
return sem_timedwait(&self, &deadline)
}
mutating func post() {
sem_post(&self)
}
}
/**
A Future is a container for a computation of some sort whose result may not yet be
available. It can be instantiated with a value or a block of code, to execute asynchronously,
producing this value.
*/
class Future<T> {
typealias Element = T
typealias SuccessCallback = T -> ()
var state: T?
var successCallbacks: [SuccessCallback] = []
var valueSemaphore: sem_t = sem_t()
/** initialise an unfulfilled Future */
init() {
sem_init(&valueSemaphore, 0, 0)
}
/** initialise a Future with a block of code to run asynchronously,
computing a value.
*/
init(future: ()->T) {
sem_init(&valueSemaphore, 0, 0)
dispatch_async ( dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), {
self._complete(future())
})
}
/** initialise a Future with an immediately available value; slightly
more efficient than firing off a block. */
init(immediate: T) {
sem_init(&valueSemaphore, 0, 0)
self._complete(immediate)
}
deinit {
sem_destroy(&valueSemaphore)
}
private func _complete(value: T) {
self.state = value
self.valueSemaphore.post()
for cb in self.successCallbacks {
cb(value)
}
}
/** Adds a callback to be called on successful completion. */
func onSuccess(action: SuccessCallback) {
successCallbacks.append(action)
if let value = self.state {
action(value)
}
}
/** map: creates a Future of type U from a Promise of type T and a T->U */
func map<U>(transform: T->U) -> Future<U> {
let r = Promise<U>()
self.onSuccess {
r.complete(transform($0))
}
return r.future()
}
/** flatMap: allows the chaining of futures */
func flatMap<U>(transform: T->Future<U>) -> Future<U> {
let r = Promise<U>()
self.onSuccess { (v1: T) -> () in
let p2 = transform(v1)
p2.onSuccess {
r.complete($0)
}
}
return r.future()
}
/** wait for a maximum amount of time for the Future to be fulfilled. */
func await(time: NSTimeInterval) -> T? {
let nsec = Int(time * 1000000000)
var ts: timespec = timespec()
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts)
ts.addnsec(nsec)
valueSemaphore.timedwait(&ts)
valueSemaphore.post()
return self.state
}
}
/**
A Promise is a container for a possibly not yet available value like a Future, only
with the facility for whatever process holds it to complete it by supplying this value.
It can also return a linked copy of itself as a (read-only) Future.
*/
class Promise<T> : Future<T> {
override init() { super.init() }
/** called by whatever process computes the Promise's value to complete it.
*/
func complete(value: T) {
self._complete(value)
}
func future() -> Future<T> {
return self as Future<T>
}
}
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
//
/** two chained promises, fulfilled by an independent process completing them */
var p1 = Promise<Int>()
var f2 = p1.map { "-\($0)-" }
dispatch_async (
dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), {
sleep(1)
p1.complete(3)
})
/** a Promise defined using the Future syntax */
var f3 = Future<Int>( future: { sleep(2); return 23 }).flatMap { (v:Int)->(Future<Int>) in Future<Int>( future: { sleep(1); return v*2; })}
print("waiting...")
let v2 = f2.await(3.0)
print("v2 = \(v2)")
let v3 = f3.await(3.0)
print("v3 = \(v3)")
/** This promise will take too long for the await */
let fGodot = Future<String>( future: { sleep(10); return "Hello"})
let vGodot = fGodot.await(1.0)
print("Gave up waiting: result = \(vGodot)")
/** An immediate Promise; this should not wait */
let fImmediate = Future<String>(immediate: "Here I am!")
print("A very short wait...")
let vImmediate = fImmediate.await(1.0)
print("Immediate result = \(vImmediate)")
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