emission_rankings.md

library(tidyverse)  # For ggplot, dplyr, and friends
library(WDI)        # Get data from the World Bank
library(ggrepel)    # For non-overlapping labels
library(ggtext)     # For better text styling

indicators <- c("SP.POP.TOTL",     # Population
                "EN.ATM.CO2E.PC",  # CO2 emissions
                "NY.GDP.PCAP.KD")  # GDP per capita

wdi_raw <- WDI(country = "all", indicators, extra = TRUE, 
               start = 1995, end = 2015)

wdi_clean <- wdi_raw %>% 
  filter(region != "Aggregates") %>% 
  select(iso2c, iso3c, country, year, 
         population = SP.POP.TOTL,
         co2_emissions = EN.ATM.CO2E.PC, 
         gdp_per_cap = NY.GDP.PCAP.KD, 
         region, income)

co2_rankings <- wdi_clean %>% 
  filter(population > 200000) %>% 
  filter(year %in% c(1995, 2014)) %>% 
  drop_na(co2_emissions) %>% 
  group_by(year) %>% 
  mutate(ranking = rank(co2_emissions)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  select(iso3c, country, year, region, income, ranking) %>% 
  pivot_wider(names_from = year, names_prefix = "rank_", values_from = ranking) %>% 
  mutate(rank_diff = rank_2014 - rank_1995) %>% 
  drop_na(rank_diff) %>% 
  mutate(big_change = ifelse(abs(rank_diff) >= 25, TRUE, FALSE)) %>% 
  mutate(better_big_change = case_when(
    rank_diff <= -25 ~ "Rank improved",
    rank_diff >= 25 ~ "Rank worsened",
    TRUE ~ "Rank changed a little"
  ))

update_geom_defaults("text", list(family = "IBM Plex Sans"))
update_geom_defaults("label", list(family = "IBM Plex Sans"))
update_geom_defaults("label_repel", list(family = "IBM Plex Sans"))

ggplot(co2_rankings,
       aes(x = rank_1995, y = rank_2014)) +
  annotate(geom = "segment", x = 0, xend = 175, y = 0, yend = 175) +
  geom_point(aes(color = better_big_change)) +
  geom_label_repel(data = filter(co2_rankings, big_change == TRUE),
                   aes(label = country, fill = better_big_change),
                   color = "white") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 170, y = 6, label = "Outliers improving", 
           fontface = "italic", hjust = 1, color = "grey50") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 2, y = 170, label = "Outliers worsening", 
           fontface = "italic", hjust = 0, color = "grey50") +
  annotate(geom = "rect", xmin = 0, xmax = 25, ymin = 0, ymax = 25, 
           fill = "#2ECC40", alpha = 0.25) +
  annotate(geom = "rect", xmin = 150, xmax = 175, ymin = 150, ymax = 175, 
           fill = "#FF851B", alpha = 0.25) +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 40, y = 6, label = "Lowest emitters", 
           hjust = 0, color = "#2ECC40") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 162.5, y = 135, label = "Highest\nemitters", 
           hjust = 0.5, vjust = 1, lineheight = 1, color = "#FF851B") +
  annotate(geom = "segment", x = 38, xend = 20, y = 6, yend = 6, color = "#2ECC40", 
           arrow = arrow(angle = 15, length = unit(0.5, "lines"))) +
  annotate(geom = "segment", x = 162.5, xend = 162.5, y = 140, yend = 155, color = "#FF851B", 
           arrow = arrow(angle = 15, length = unit(0.5, "lines"))) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("grey50", "#0074D9", "#FF4136")) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#0074D9", "#FF4136")) +
  scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = seq(0, 175, 25)) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0), breaks = seq(0, 175, 25)) +
  labs(x = "Rank in 1995", y = "Rank in 2014",
       title = "Changes in CO<sub>2</sub> emission rankings between 1995 and 2014",
       subtitle = "Countries that <span style='color: #0074D9'>**improved**</span> or <span style='color: #FF4136'>**worsened**</span> more than 25 positions in the rankings highlighted",
       caption = "Source: The World Bank.\nCountries with populations of less than 200,000 excluded.") +
  guides(color = FALSE, fill = FALSE) +
  theme_bw(base_family = "IBM Plex Sans") +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        plot.title = element_markdown(face = "bold", size = rel(1.6)),
        plot.subtitle = element_markdown(size = rel(1.3)))

^{Created on 2020-05-20 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)}