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October 5, 2009 23:32
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| # smidi.py: A simple midi-file library | |
| # make a single file version for midi-outfile only. | |
| # Original code is from Max M's site here (GPL) | |
| # http://www.mxm.dk/products/public/pythonmidi | |
| # Modified by korakot, | |
| # http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/572 | |
| """ | |
| include source codes from | |
| - constants.py | |
| - DataTypeConverters.py | |
| - RawOutstreamFile.py | |
| - MidiOutStream.py | |
| - MidiOutFile.py | |
| """ | |
| from struct import pack, unpack | |
| from types import StringType | |
| from cStringIO import StringIO | |
| #=================== constants.py ===================================# | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## Definitions of the different midi events | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## Midi channel events (The most usual events) | |
| ## also called "Channel Voice Messages" | |
| NOTE_OFF = 0x80 | |
| # 1000cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv (channel, note, velocity) | |
| NOTE_ON = 0x90 | |
| # 1001cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv (channel, note, velocity) | |
| AFTERTOUCH = 0xA0 | |
| # 1010cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv (channel, note, velocity) | |
| CONTINUOUS_CONTROLLER = 0xB0 # see Channel Mode Messages!!! | |
| # 1011cccc 0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv (channel, controller, value) | |
| PATCH_CHANGE = 0xC0 | |
| # 1100cccc 0ppppppp (channel, program) | |
| CHANNEL_PRESSURE = 0xD0 | |
| # 1101cccc 0ppppppp (channel, pressure) | |
| PITCH_BEND = 0xE0 | |
| # 1110cccc 0vvvvvvv 0wwwwwww (channel, value-lo, value-hi) | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## Channel Mode Messages (Continuous Controller) | |
| ## They share a status byte. | |
| ## The controller makes the difference here | |
| # High resolution continuous controllers (MSB) | |
| BANK_SELECT = 0x00 | |
| MODULATION_WHEEL = 0x01 | |
| BREATH_CONTROLLER = 0x02 | |
| FOOT_CONTROLLER = 0x04 | |
| PORTAMENTO_TIME = 0x05 | |
| DATA_ENTRY = 0x06 | |
| CHANNEL_VOLUME = 0x07 | |
| BALANCE = 0x08 | |
| PAN = 0x0A | |
| EXPRESSION_CONTROLLER = 0x0B | |
| EFFECT_CONTROL_1 = 0x0C | |
| EFFECT_CONTROL_2 = 0x0D | |
| GEN_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_1 = 0x10 | |
| GEN_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_2 = 0x11 | |
| GEN_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_3 = 0x12 | |
| GEN_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_4 = 0x13 | |
| # High resolution continuous controllers (LSB) | |
| BANK_SELECT = 0x20 | |
| MODULATION_WHEEL = 0x21 | |
| BREATH_CONTROLLER = 0x22 | |
| FOOT_CONTROLLER = 0x24 | |
| PORTAMENTO_TIME = 0x25 | |
| DATA_ENTRY = 0x26 | |
| CHANNEL_VOLUME = 0x27 | |
| BALANCE = 0x28 | |
| PAN = 0x2A | |
| EXPRESSION_CONTROLLER = 0x2B | |
| EFFECT_CONTROL_1 = 0x2C | |
| EFFECT_CONTROL_2 = 0x2D | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_1 = 0x30 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_2 = 0x31 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_3 = 0x32 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_4 = 0x33 | |
| # Switches | |
| SUSTAIN_ONOFF = 0x40 | |
| PORTAMENTO_ONOFF = 0x41 | |
| SOSTENUTO_ONOFF = 0x42 | |
| SOFT_PEDAL_ONOFF = 0x43 | |
| LEGATO_ONOFF = 0x44 | |
| HOLD_2_ONOFF = 0x45 | |
| # Low resolution continuous controllers | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_1 = 0x46 # (TG: Sound Variation; FX: Exciter On/Off) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_2 = 0x47 # (TG: Harmonic Content; FX: Compressor On/Off) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_3 = 0x48 # (TG: Release Time; FX: Distortion On/Off) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_4 = 0x49 # (TG: Attack Time; FX: EQ On/Off) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_5 = 0x4A # (TG: Brightness; FX: Expander On/Off)75 SOUND_CONTROLLER_6 (TG: Undefined; FX: Reverb OnOff) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_7 = 0x4C # (TG: Undefined; FX: Delay OnOff) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_8 = 0x4D # (TG: Undefined; FX: Pitch Transpose OnOff) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_9 = 0x4E # (TG: Undefined; FX: Flange/Chorus OnOff) | |
| SOUND_CONTROLLER_10 = 0x4F # (TG: Undefined; FX: Special Effects OnOff) | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_5 = 0x50 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_6 = 0x51 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_7 = 0x52 | |
| GENERAL_PURPOSE_CONTROLLER_8 = 0x53 | |
| PORTAMENTO_CONTROL = 0x54 # (PTC) (0vvvvvvv is the source Note number) (Detail) | |
| EFFECTS_1 = 0x5B # (Ext. Effects Depth) | |
| EFFECTS_2 = 0x5C # (Tremelo Depth) | |
| EFFECTS_3 = 0x5D # (Chorus Depth) | |
| EFFECTS_4 = 0x5E # (Celeste Depth) | |
| EFFECTS_5 = 0x5F # (Phaser Depth) | |
| DATA_INCREMENT = 0x60 # (0vvvvvvv is n/a; use 0) | |
| DATA_DECREMENT = 0x61 # (0vvvvvvv is n/a; use 0) | |
| NON_REGISTERED_PARAMETER_NUMBER = 0x62 # (LSB) | |
| NON_REGISTERED_PARAMETER_NUMBER = 0x63 # (MSB) | |
| REGISTERED_PARAMETER_NUMBER = 0x64 # (LSB) | |
| REGISTERED_PARAMETER_NUMBER = 0x65 # (MSB) | |
| # Channel Mode messages - (Detail) | |
| ALL_SOUND_OFF = 0x78 | |
| RESET_ALL_CONTROLLERS = 0x79 | |
| LOCAL_CONTROL_ONOFF = 0x7A | |
| ALL_NOTES_OFF = 0x7B | |
| OMNI_MODE_OFF = 0x7C # (also causes ANO) | |
| OMNI_MODE_ON = 0x7D # (also causes ANO) | |
| MONO_MODE_ON = 0x7E # (Poly Off; also causes ANO) | |
| POLY_MODE_ON = 0x7F # (Mono Off; also causes ANO) | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## System Common Messages, for all channels | |
| SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE = 0xF0 | |
| # 11110000 0iiiiiii 0ddddddd ... 11110111 | |
| MTC = 0xF1 # MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame | |
| # 11110001 | |
| SONG_POSITION_POINTER = 0xF2 | |
| # 11110010 0vvvvvvv 0wwwwwww (lo-position, hi-position) | |
| SONG_SELECT = 0xF3 | |
| # 11110011 0sssssss (songnumber) | |
| #UNDEFINED = 0xF4 | |
| ## 11110100 | |
| #UNDEFINED = 0xF5 | |
| ## 11110101 | |
| TUNING_REQUEST = 0xF6 | |
| # 11110110 | |
| END_OFF_EXCLUSIVE = 0xF7 # terminator | |
| # 11110111 # End of system exclusive | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## Midifile meta-events | |
| SEQUENCE_NUMBER = 0x00 # 00 02 ss ss (seq-number) | |
| TEXT = 0x01 # 01 len text... | |
| COPYRIGHT = 0x02 # 02 len text... | |
| SEQUENCE_NAME = 0x03 # 03 len text... | |
| INSTRUMENT_NAME = 0x04 # 04 len text... | |
| LYRIC = 0x05 # 05 len text... | |
| MARKER = 0x06 # 06 len text... | |
| CUEPOINT = 0x07 # 07 len text... | |
| PROGRAM_NAME = 0x08 # 08 len text... | |
| DEVICE_NAME = 0x09 # 09 len text... | |
| MIDI_CH_PREFIX = 0x20 # MIDI channel prefix assignment (unofficial) | |
| MIDI_PORT = 0x21 # 21 01 port, legacy stuff but still used | |
| END_OF_TRACK = 0x2F # 2f 00 | |
| TEMPO = 0x51 # 51 03 tt tt tt (tempo in us/quarternote) | |
| SMTP_OFFSET = 0x54 # 54 05 hh mm ss ff xx | |
| TIME_SIGNATURE = 0x58 # 58 04 nn dd cc bb | |
| KEY_SIGNATURE = 0x59 # ??? len text... | |
| SPECIFIC = 0x7F # Sequencer specific event | |
| FILE_HEADER = 'MThd' | |
| TRACK_HEADER = 'MTrk' | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## System Realtime messages | |
| ## I don't supose these are to be found in midi files?! | |
| TIMING_CLOCK = 0xF8 | |
| # undefined = 0xF9 | |
| SONG_START = 0xFA | |
| SONG_CONTINUE = 0xFB | |
| SONG_STOP = 0xFC | |
| # undefined = 0xFD | |
| ACTIVE_SENSING = 0xFE | |
| SYSTEM_RESET = 0xFF | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## META EVENT, it is used only in midi files. | |
| ## In transmitted data it means system reset!!! | |
| META_EVENT = 0xFF | |
| # 11111111 | |
| ################################################### | |
| ## Helper functions | |
| def is_status(byte): | |
| return (byte & 0x80) == 0x80 # 1000 0000 | |
| #===================== DataTypeConverters.py ========================# | |
| """ | |
| This module contains functions for reading and writing the special data types | |
| that a midi file contains. | |
| """ | |
| """ | |
| nibbles are four bits. A byte consists of two nibles. | |
| hiBits==0xF0, loBits==0x0F Especially used for setting | |
| channel and event in 1. byte of musical midi events | |
| """ | |
| def getNibbles(byte): | |
| """ | |
| Returns hi and lo bits in a byte as a tuple | |
| Asserts byte <= 255 | |
| """ | |
| return (byte >> 4 & 0xF, byte & 0xF) | |
| def setNibbles(hiNibble, loNibble): | |
| """ | |
| returns byte with value set according to hi and lo bits | |
| Asserts hiNibble <= 15 and loNibble <= 15 | |
| """ | |
| return (hiNibble << 4) + loNibble | |
| def readBew(value): | |
| "Reads string as big endian word, (asserts len(value) in [1,2,4])" | |
| return unpack('>%s' % {1:'B', 2:'H', 4:'L'}[len(value)], value)[0] | |
| def writeBew(value, length): | |
| "Write int as big endian formatted string, (asserts length in [1,2,4])" | |
| return pack('>%s' % {1:'B', 2:'H', 4:'L'}[length], value) | |
| """ | |
| Variable Length Data (varlen) is a data format sprayed liberally throughout | |
| a midi file. It can be anywhere from 1 to 4 bytes long. | |
| If the 8'th bit is set in a byte another byte follows. The value is stored | |
| in the lowest 7 bits of each byte. So max value is 4x7 bits = 28 bits. | |
| """ | |
| def readVar(value): | |
| """ | |
| Converts varlength format to integer. Just pass it 0 or more chars that | |
| might be a varlen and it will only use the relevant chars. | |
| use varLen(readVar(value)) to see how many bytes the integer value takes. | |
| asserts len(value) >= 0 | |
| """ | |
| sum = 0 | |
| for byte in unpack('%sB' % len(value), value): | |
| sum = (sum << 7) + (byte & 0x7F) | |
| if not 0x80 & byte: break # stop after last byte | |
| return sum | |
| def varLen(value): | |
| """ | |
| Returns the the number of bytes an integer will be when | |
| converted to varlength | |
| """ | |
| if value <= 127: | |
| return 1 | |
| elif value <= 16383: | |
| return 2 | |
| elif value <= 2097151: | |
| return 3 | |
| else: | |
| return 4 | |
| def writeVar(value): | |
| "Converts an integer to varlength format" | |
| sevens = to_n_bits(value, varLen(value)) | |
| for i in range(len(sevens)-1): | |
| sevens[i] = sevens[i] | 0x80 | |
| return fromBytes(sevens) | |
| def to_n_bits(value, length=1, nbits=7): | |
| "returns the integer value as a sequence of nbits bytes" | |
| bytes = [(value >> (i*nbits)) & 0x7F for i in range(length)] | |
| bytes.reverse() | |
| return bytes | |
| def toBytes(value): | |
| "Turns a string into a list of byte values" | |
| return unpack('%sB' % len(value), value) | |
| def fromBytes(value): | |
| "Turns a list of bytes into a string" | |
| if not value: | |
| return '' | |
| return pack('%sB' % len(value), *value) | |
| #=================== RawOutstreamFile.py ============================# | |
| class RawOutstreamFile: | |
| """ | |
| Writes a midi file to disk. | |
| """ | |
| def __init__(self, outfile=''): | |
| self.buffer = StringIO() | |
| self.outfile = outfile | |
| # native data reading functions | |
| def writeSlice(self, str_slice): | |
| "Reads the next text slice from the raw data, with length" | |
| self.buffer.write(str_slice) | |
| def writeBew(self, value, length=1): | |
| "Writes a value to the file as big endian word" | |
| self.writeSlice(writeBew(value, length)) | |
| def writeVarLen(self, value): | |
| "Writes a variable length word to the file" | |
| var = self.writeSlice(writeVar(value)) | |
| def write(self): | |
| "Writes to disc" | |
| if self.outfile: | |
| if isinstance(self.outfile, StringType): | |
| outfile = open(self.outfile, 'wb') | |
| outfile.write(self.getvalue()) | |
| outfile.close() | |
| else: | |
| self.outfile.write(self.getvalue()) | |
| def getvalue(self): | |
| return self. |
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