Execute the following to generate a GeoPackage with multiple centroids per input geometry:
mkdir -p data
wget https://service.pdok.nl/cbs/pc4/atom/v1_0/downloads/cbs_pc4_2020.gpkg.zip -O data/cbs_pc4_2020.gpkg.zip
unzip data/cbs_pc4_2020.gpkg.zip -d data/
ogr2ogr -f GPKG data/temp.gpkg data/cbs_pc4_2020.gpkg -sql "select ST_Centroid(geom) as geom,postcode from cbs_pc4_2020" -nln cbs_pc4_2020
./generate_random_nr_centroids.py data/temp.gpkg data/output.gpkg cbs_pc4_2020 geom postcode