_________ _____ _______________ _____
\_ ___ \\ \\___________ \____ / ____\ ~/.bash/cliref.md
/ \ \/| | | || _/ __ \ __\ copy/paste from whatisdb
\ \___|__ |_|_ || | \ __/|_ | http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX
\________ /_____ \_||____|_ /____ /_| yunga.palatino@gmail.com
20160515 \/ 1527 \/ \/ \/
alias CLIRef.txt='curl -s "http://pastebin.com/raw/yGmGiDQX" | less -i'
alias CLIRef.md='lynx "https://gist.github.com/yunga/b036ac9749524e312fb8#file-cliref-md"'
| Other Documentation | Getting Help | Interesting Pages |
|---|---|---|
| Shells | Network | Directories |
| Terminal Tools | Wireless | Files |
| [Network Monitor] | [Pipes]
Setup | Network Tunnels | File Attributes System | Network Scan | File Find Kernel | Network Capture | File Compare Init and Runlevels | Network Filesystems | Binary Information Hardware | Network Apps | File Managers Filesystem Tools | Modem/Fax/GSM | Viewers Quotas | Network File Transfer | Editors Processes | Browser | Text Utilities Performances | RSS Reader | Print User Management | Podcast | Compression User Information | Chat | Encryption Environment | EMail | Backup Security Context | Newsgroups | CD/DVD/BluRay | Websites | | | Development | ASCII Art | Numbers and Math Debugging | Images | Date and Time Revision Control | Vector Graphics | Schedule Database | 3D | Office | Videos | Spelling Games | Audio and Music | Publishing Screensavers | Audio Players | Task Managers Other | Audio Editing | Conversion X Windows | Midi | Funny | Text to Speech |
manpages /usr/man/ /usr/share/man/
infopages /usr/info/ /usr/share/info/
packages /usr/doc/ /usr/share/doc/
linux doc prj /usr/doc/ldp/ /usr/share/doc/ldp/
howtos /usr/doc/howto/ /usr/share/doc/howto/
mini howtos /usr/doc/howto/mini/ /usr/share/doc/howto/mini/
kernel /usr/src/linux/documentation/
x window /usr/x11r6/lib/x11/doc/
apache /home/httpd/html/manual/ /var/www/html/manual/
latex doc /usr/share/texmf/doc/latex/latex2e-html/
tex /usr/share/texmf/doc/
- [The Linux man-pages project] (https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/)
- [Linux Manpages Online] (http://man.cx/)
- [Ubuntu Manpage Repository] (http://manpages.ubuntu.com/)
- [ArchWiki] (https://wiki.archlinux.org/)
- [Debian Wiki] (https://wiki.debian.org/)
- [Debian Admin's Handbook] (https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/)
- [The Linux Documentation Project] (http://tldp.org/)
- [GreyCat's wiki] (http://mywiki.wooledge.org/)
- [Bash Hackers Wiki] (http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/)
- [Rosetta Stone for Unix] (http://bhami.com/rosetta.html)
- [Unix Toolbox] (http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml)
- [Inconsolation] (https://inconsolation.wordpress.com/)
- [Command Line Kung Fu] (http://blog.commandlinekungfu.com/)
- [CommandLineFu] (http://www.commandlinefu.com/)
- [Unix Mages] (http://unixmages.com/)
- [SuperUser] (https://superuser.com/)
- [Ask Ubuntu] (https://askubuntu.com/)
- [Unix on StackExchange] (https://unix.stackexchange.com/)
- [Shell subreddits] (https://www.reddit.com/r/bash+bashtricks+commandline+scriptswap+shell+zsh)
Tools:
- ShellCheck (http://www.shellcheck.net/)
- [ExplainShell] (http://explainshell.com/)
- [Coding Ground] (http://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm)
| Section | General use on various unix platforms |
|---|
0 | c library header files
1 | general commands
1c | communications
1g | graphics
1m | maintenance, system administration commands and daemons
2 | system calls
3 | library functions, in particular the c standard library
3c | c programming language
3f | fortran programming language
3m | miscellaneous programming routines
4 | special files, devices, drivers, formats and conventions
5 | file formats and conventions miscellanea
6 | games and screensavers
7 | miscellanea, special files, devices and drivers
8 | system administration commands and daemons
9 | kernel routines
l | local, some programs install pages here instead of (1)
n | tcl/tk keywords
x | the x window system
?p | perl scripts man pages
?posix | posix man pages
?fun | funny command lines
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| man | an interface to the on-line reference manuals |
| apropos | search the manual page names and descriptions |
| whatis | display manual page descriptions |
| whichman | search for a man page using a fault tolerant search |
| info | read info documents |
| help | shell built-in help |
| debmany | show documentation from installed packages |
| debian-reference | open the post-installation user's guide in browser |
| type | display information about command type |
| konqueror | browse man:/info:/perldoc:/etc. thanks to kio |
| popbugs | find release critical bugs in packages you use |
| Manpage | Description |
|---|---|
| intro.1 | user commands |
| intro.2 | system calls |
| intro.3 | library functions |
| intro.4 | special files |
| intro.5 | file formats |
| intro.6 | games |
| intro.7 | overview/conventions/miscellany section |
| intro.8 | administration and privileged commands |
| undocumented.7 | no manpage for this program, utility or function |
| missing | missing manual pages |
| LDP | linux documentation project with help and guides |
| man-pages | conventions for writing linux man pages |
| environ | user environment |
| hier | description of the filesystem hierarchy |
| file-hierarchy | file system hierarchy overview |
| capabilities | overview of linux capabilities |
| signal | overview of signals |
| standards | standards - c and unix standards |
| units.7 | units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes |
| libc | overview of standard c libraries on linux |
| posixoptions | optional parts of the posix standard |
| errno | look up errno names and descriptions |
| errno.3 | number of last error |
| undocumented.3 | undocumented library functions |
| printf | formatted output conversion |
| strftime | format date and time |
| acl | access control lists |
| ascii | report character aliases |
| ascii.7 | ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal |
| unicode | universal character set |
| locale.7 | description of multilanguage support |
| readline | get a line from a user with editing (inputrc) |
| terminfo | terminal capability data base |
| bash | gnu bourne-again shell |
| zsh | the z shell |
| glob | globbing pathnames |
| regex | posix.2 regular expressions |
| pcrepattern | pcre - perl-compatible regular expressions |
| pcresyntax | pcre - perl-compatible regex syntax summary |
| perlintro | brief introduction and overview of perl |
| perlcheat | perl 5 cheat sheet |
| gittutorial | a tutorial introduction to git |
| random | kernel random number source devices |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| sh | shell, the standard command language interpreter |
| bash | gnu bourne-again shell |
| fish | the friendly interactive shell |
| zsh | the z shell |
| fizsh | friendly interactive zshell |
| ksh | kornshell, a command and programming language |
| pdksh | legacy kornshell built on mksh |
| mksh | mirbsd kornshell |
| csh | a shell with c-like syntax |
| tcsh | c shell with file name completion and cli editing |
| ash | the almquist shell |
| dash | the debian almquist shell |
| rc | a shell for plan 9 and unix systems |
| git-sh | a git shell (bash) |
| shellcheck | analyzes shell scripts and points out typical issues |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| screen | screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation |
| tmux | terminal multiplexer |
| byobu | wrapper script for seeding configuration to screen/tmux |
| dvtm | dynamic virtual terminal manager |
| twin | textmode window environment |
| dtach | program that emulates the detach feature of screen |
| reptyr | reparent a running program to a new terminal/screen |
| kibitz | allow two people to interact with one shell |
| script | make typescript of terminal session |
| scriptreplay | play back typescripts, using timing information |
| ttyrec | a tty recorder |
| ttyplay | player of the tty session recorded by ttyrec |
| clear | clear the screen |
| reset | terminal initialization |
| openvt | start a program on a new virtual terminal (vt) |
| chvt | change foreground virtual terminal |
| deallocvt | deallocate unused virtual terminals |
| tty | display the name of the terminal connected to stdin |
| stty | change and print terminal line settings |
| tabs | set terminal tabs |
| setterm | set terminal attributes |
| tput | change terminal characteristics |
| tic | the terminfo entry-description compiler |
| toe | table of (terminfo) entries |
| infocmp | compare or print out terminfo descriptions |
| captoinfo | convert a termcap description into terminfo description |
| infotocap | convert a terminfo description into termcap description |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| apt-get | apt package handling utility (debian) |
| apt-config | apt configuration query program |
| apt-cache | query the apt cache |
| apt-file | apt package searching utility |
| dlocate | program to view debian package information |
| whohas | find packages in various distributions repositories |
| apt-mark | mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed |
| debfoster | weed unnecessary debian packages |
| deborphan | orphaned package finder |
| dgrep | grep through files belonging to an installed package |
| dglob | expand package names or files matching a pattern |
| dpigs | show which installed packages occupy the most space |
| popularity-contest | list the most popular packages on the system |
| popcon-largest-unused | list size of unused packages on the system |
| popbugs | find release critical bugs in packages used |
| which-pkg-broke | find which package might have broken another |
| dpkg | package manager for debian |
| dpkg-reconfigure | reconfigure an already installed package |
| debconf | run a debconf-using program |
| debconf-get-selections | output contents of debconf database |
| debconf-set-selections | insert new values into the debconf database |
| update-alternatives | maintain symlinks for default commands |
| update-manager | graphical management of software updates |
| dselect | debian package management frontend |
| aptitude | high-level interface to the package manager |
| synaptic | graphical management of software packages (xwindows) |
| alien | convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb) |
| smart | the smart package manager (apt/rpm/yum/etc) |
| yum | yellowdog updater modified (redhat) |
| rpm | rpm package manager (redhat) |
| urpmi | rpm downloader/installer/dependency solver (mandriva) |
| zypper | interface to zypp system management (opensuse) |
| pacman | package manager utility (archlinux) |
| yaourt | more than a frontend to pacman (archlinux) |
| stow | software package installation manager (with symlinks) |
| checkrestart | check which processes need a restart after an upgrade |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| inxi | lists kernel/drivers/cpu/ram/gcc/xorg/desktop/etc. |
| nmon | systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool |
| collectl | collects data that describes the current system status |
| binstats | display statistics about programs and libraries |
| uptime | view the system load and how long it has been running |
| times | show process times for the shell and its child |
| lsb_release | print distribution-specific information |
| uname | print system/kernel information |
| arch | print machine hardware name (same as uname -m) |
| nproc | print the number of processing units available |
| procinfo | display system statistics gathered from /proc |
| mpstat | report processors related statistics |
| saidar | a curses-based tool for viewing system statistics |
| perf-top | system profiling tool |
| lmbench | system benchmarks |
| sysbench | a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool |
| sar | collect, report, or save system activity information |
| hostid | print the numeric identifier for the current host |
| free | display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system |
| swapon | enable device and file for paging and swapping |
| swapoff | disable devices and files for paging and swapping |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics |
| dstat | versatile tool for generating system resource stats |
| iostat | report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs |
| iotop | simple top-like i/o monitor |
| fio | flexible i/o tester |
| blktrace | generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices |
| blockdev | call block device ioctls from the command line |
| slabtop | display kernel slab cache information in real time |
| tload | graphic representation of system load average |
| logger | a shell interface to the syslog system log module |
| logwatch | system log analyzer and reporter |
| swatch | simple watcher |
| imvirt | detects several virtualizations |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| lsmod | program to show the status of modules in linux kernel |
| insmod | simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel |
| rmmod | simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel |
| modinfo | program to show information about a linux kernel module |
| modprobe | program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel |
| modconf | a module configuration utility |
| depmod | program to generate modules.dep and map files |
| sysctl | configure kernel parameters at runtime |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| initctl | upstart service configuration |
| start | init daemon control tool |
| stop | init daemon control tool |
| status | init daemon control tool |
| chkconfig | enable or disable system services |
| service | run a system v init script |
| sysv-rc-conf | run-level configuration for sysv like init script links |
| runlevel | output previous and current runlevel |
| telinit | change system runlevel |
| checkrestart | check which processes need a restart after an upgrade |
| systemctl | control the systemd system and service manager |
| journalctl | query the systemd journal |
| loginctl | control the systemd login manager |
| halt | reboot or stop the system |
| reboot | reboot or stop the system |
| shutdown | shutdown or restart the system |
| poweroff | reboot or stop the system |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| x86info | display x86 cpu diagnostics |
| dmesg | print kernel and driver messages |
| hdparm | get/set sata/ide device parameters |
| smartctl | control and monitor utility for smart disks |
| badblocks | search a device for bad blocks |
| setserial | get/set linux serial port information |
| wvdial | ppp dialer with built-in intelligence |
| lshw | list hardware |
| lshal | lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows |
| lsdev | display information about installed hardware |
| lsblk | list block devices |
| lsusb | list usb devices |
| lspci | list all pci devices |
| setpci | configure pci devices |
| pnpdump | dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information |
| isadump | examine isa registers |
| scsiinfo | query information from a scsi device |
| sginfo | access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device |
| sg_map | displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices |
| udevadm | udev management tool |
| ethtool | query or control network driver and hardware settings |
| mii-tool | view, manipulate media-independent interface status |
| dmidecode | dmi table decoder |
| hwinfo | probe for hardware |
| acpitool | acpi client, allowing you to query or set acpi values |
| apm | interface with the apm subsystem |
| alsamixer | soundcard mixer for alsa driver |
| aumix | adjust audio mixer |
| pactl | control a running pulseaudio sound server |
| rexima | a curses-based (and command-line) mixer |
| alsactl | advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver |
| showkey | examine the codes sent by the keyboard |
| loadkeys | load keyboard translation tables |
| dumpkeys | dump keyboard translation tables |
| setleds | set the keyboard leds |
| imvirt | detects several virtualizations |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| df | report file system disk space usage |
| discus | print a report of disk space usage |
| mount | mount a filesystem |
| umount | unmount file systems |
| mhddfs | combines a several mount points into a single one |
| fusermount | mount and unmount fuse filesystems |
| findmnt | find a filesystem |
| mountpoint | see if a directory is a mountpoint |
| sync | flush disk caches |
| mkfs | build a linux file system |
| tune2fs | adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 |
| fsck | check and repair a linux file system |
| badblocks | search a device for bad blocks |
| debugfs | ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger |
| fdisk | partition table manipulator for linux |
| cfdisk | curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator |
| parted | a partition manipulation program |
| fdformat | low-level format a floppy disk |
| mtools | utilities to access dos disks in unix |
| lilo | install linux boot loader |
| grub | install grand unified bootloader |
| dd | convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records |
| ddrescue | data recovery tool |
| dcfldd | enhanced version of dd for forensics and security |
| foremost | recover files using their headers/footers/structures |
| photorec | recover lost files from hdisk, digital camera and cdrom |
| safecopy | data recovery tool |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| quota | display disk usage and limits |
| repquota | summarize quotas for a filesystem |
| setquota | set disk quotas |
| edquota | edit user quotas |
| quotaon | turn filesystem quotas on |
| quotaoff | turn filesystem quotas off |
| quotacheck | scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files |
| convertquota | convert quota from old file format to new one |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ps | report a snapshot of the current processes |
| w | show who is logged on and what they are doing |
| top | monitor processes |
| htop | interactive process viewer |
| atop | at computing system & process monitor |
| gitps | a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools) |
| glances | a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool |
| pidstat | report statistics for linux tasks |
| powertop | program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops |
| prtstat | print statistics of a process |
| pstree | display a tree of processes |
| whowatch | console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool |
| kill | send a signal to a process |
| killall | kill all processes named proc |
| pidof | find the process id of a running program |
| pkill | signal processes based on name and other attributes |
| pgrep | lookup processes based on name and other attributes |
| skill | send a signal or report process status |
| snice | send a signal or report process status |
| nice | set/run a program with modified scheduling priority |
| renice | alter priority of running processes |
| ionice | set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority |
| cpulimit | limits the cpu usage of a process |
| taskset | retrieve or set a process cpu affinity |
| setuid | run a command with a different uid |
| setsid | run a program in a new session |
| nohup | runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty |
| disown | shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell |
| jobs | lists the active jobs |
| bg | lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job |
| fg | brings the most recent job to foreground |
| time | time a simple command |
| timeout | run a command with a time limit |
| uux | remote command execution |
| uustat | uucp status inquiry and job control |
| ipcs | report interprocess communication facilities status |
| ipcrm | remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier |
See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page] (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html)
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| collectl | collects data that describes the current system status |
| glances | a cross-platform curses-based system monitoring tool |
| uptime | view the system load and how long it has been running |
| mpstat | report processors related statistics |
| lmbench | system benchmarks |
| sysbench | a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool |
| sar | collect, report, or save system activity information |
| free | display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system |
| swapon | enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping |
| vmstat | report virtual memory statistics |
| dstat | versatile tool for generating system resource stats |
| iostat | report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs |
| iotop | simple top-like i/o monitor |
| fio | flexible i/o tester |
| blktrace | generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices |
| slabtop | display kernel slab cache information in real time |
| sysctl | configure kernel parameters at runtime |
| hdparm | get/set sata/ide device parameters |
| ps | report a snapshot of the current processes |
| top | monitor processes |
| htop | interactive process viewer |
| pidstat | report statistics for linux tasks |
| nice | set/run a program with modified scheduling priority |
| renice | alter priority of running processes |
| ionice | set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority |
| taskset | retrieve or set a process cpu affinity |
| sysdig | a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool |
| ltrace | a library call tracer |
| strace | trace system calls and signals |
| errno | look up errno names and descriptions |
| explain | explain system call error messages |
| stap | systemtap script translator driver |
| ktap | lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux |
| llttng | tracer control command line tool |
| perf | performance analysis tools for linux |
| tiptop | display hardware performance counters for linux tasks |
| ethtool | query or control network driver and hardware settings |
| iperf | perform network throughput tests |
| pchar | perform network measurements along an internet path |
| ping | check if host is reachable |
| hping3 | send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts |
| traceroute | print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr) |
| mtr | traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool |
| nicstat | print network traffic statistics |
| netstat | print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats |
| ss | another utility to investigate sockets |
| socklist | display list of open sockets |
| sockstat | list open sockets |
| iptraf | interactive colorful ip lan monitor |
| tcpdump | dump traffic on a network |
| darkstat | network statistics gatherer |
| justniffer | an extensive tcp flow sniffer |
| snmpget | communicates with a network using snmp get requests |
| lldptool | manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad |
| tune2fs | adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 |
| dd | convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records |
| siege | an http/https stress tester |
| tsung | distributed multi-protocol load testing tool |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| adduser | add a user or group to the system |
| useradd | create a new user or update default user information |
| userdel | delete a user account and related files |
| usermod | modify a user account |
| newusers | update and create new users in batch |
| groupadd | create a new group |
| groupdel | delete a group |
| groupmod | modify a group definition on the system |
| newgrp | log in to a new group |
| chage | change user password expiry information |
| chfn | change real user name and information |
| chsh | change login shell |
| passwd | change user password |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| id | print real and effective user and group ids |
| groups | print group names a user is in |
| sa | summarizes accounting information |
| ac | print statistics about users connect time |
| who | print all usernames currently logged in |
| whowatch | console, interactive, process and users monitoring tool |
| whoami | print effective userid |
| rwho | determine all users logged on your local network |
| w | show who is logged on and what they are doing |
| last | show listing of last logged in users |
| lastb | show listing of bad loggin attemps |
| lastlog | reports recent login of all users or of a given user |
| lastcomm | print information about previously executed commands |
| users | print the user names of users currently logged in |
| logname | print the login name of a user |
| talk | talk to another user |
| ytalk | multi-user chat program |
| write | send a message to another user |
| wall | write a message to users |
| mesg | control write access to your terminal |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| printenv | print all or part of environment |
| env | run a program in a modified environment |
| locale | get locale-specific information |
| localedef | compile locale definition files |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| su | change user id or become superuser |
| sudo | execute a command as another user |
| sudoedit | edit one or more files as another user |
| op | grant trusted users access to certain root operations |
| runcon | run command with specified security context (selinux) |
| chcon | change file security context (selinux) |
| chroot | run command or interactive shell with special root dir |
| schroot | securely enter a chroot environment |
| rarun2 | run programs with different env/args/perms/dirs/etc |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| perl | the perl language interpreter |
| perldoc | look up perl documentation in pod format |
| perltidy | a perl script indenter and reformatter |
| perlcritic | command-line interface to critique perl source |
| perlbug | how to submit bug reports on perl |
| cpan | easily interact with cpan from the command line |
| txt2regex | a regular expression wizard |
| ruby | interpreted object-oriented scripting language |
| irb | interactive ruby |
| gem | the front end to rubygems |
| python | an interpreted, object-oriented programming language |
| pydoc | the python documentation tool |
| pycompile | byte compile python source files |
| pychecker | program to check python scripts for common mistakes |
| ghc | the glasgow haskell compiler |
| ghci | the glasgow haskell compiler |
| lua | lua interpreter |
| luac | lua compiler |
| luadoc | generate documentation from files |
| luarocks | module deployment system for lua |
| node | server-side javascript |
| js_beautify | command tool to beautify your javascript files |
| jq | command-line json processor |
| jsoncat | display json data |
| jsonlint | json syntax validator and formatter tool |
| java | the java application launcher |
| javac | java programming language compiler |
| javadoc | the java api documentation generator |
| jardiff | visualise api differences between two jar files |
| php | php command line interface cli |
| clisp | ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger |
| fort77 | fortran compiler |
| f2c | convert fortran 77 to c or c++ |
| fc | frontend script to the f2c fortran compiler |
| nasm | the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler |
| yasm | the yasm modular assembler |
| as | the portable gnu assembler |
| rasm2 | assemble and disassemble files or hexpair strings |
| gcc | gnu project c and c++ compiler |
| gprof | display call graph profile data |
| ld | the gnu linker |
| c99 | compile standard ansi c programs |
| cpp | the c preprocessor |
| make | gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs |
| dmake | maintain program groups, or interdependent files |
| cmake | cross-platform makefile generator |
| cxref | generate a c-language program cross-reference table |
| ctags | generate tag file for emacs, vi |
| cflow | generate a c-language flowgraph |
| cscope | interactively examine a c program |
| sloccount | count source lines of code (sloc) |
| cloc | count lines of source code and comments |
| pepper | repository statistics and report tool |
| astyle | indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java |
| indent | reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace |
| bcpp | make c++ beautifier |
| uncrustify | c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier |
| xmlstarlet | command line xml/xslt toolkit |
| xmllint | command line xml tool |
| xgrep | search content of xml file via xpath or curstom search |
| xmlcatalog | parse and manipulate xml or sgml catalog files |
| xalan | process xml documents with xslt stylesheets |
| xmlindent | xml stream reformatter |
| tidy | validate, correct, and pretty-print html files |
| csstidy | css parser and optimiser |
| highlight | universal code highlighter converter (html, rtf, ...) |
| lex | generate programs for lexical tasks |
| strip | remove unnecessary information from executable files |
| m4 | macro processor |
| yacc | yet another compiler compiler |
| flex | lexical analyser, generates code for pattern-matching |
| gencat | generate a formatted message catalog |
| getconf | get configuration values |
| errno | look up errno names and descriptions |
| explain | explain system call error messages |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| gdb | the gnu debugger |
| r2 | advanced hexadecimal editor, disassembler and debugger |
| elfsh | the elsf shell |
| e2dbg | the embedded elf debugger |
| readelf | displays information about elf files |
| rabin2 | get information about elf/pe/mz/class |
| objdump | display information from object files |
| objcopy | copy and translate object files |
| nm | list symbols from object files |
| lsof | list open files/streams/sockets/etc |
| lslk | list local locks |
| fuser | identify processes using files or sockets |
| trace-cmd | interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer |
| trace-cmd-list | list available plugins, events or options for ftrace |
| pstack | print a stack trace of running processes |
| dtrace | tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap) |
| sysdig | a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool |
| etrace | the embedded elf tracer |
| eresi | the eresi reverse engineering software interface |
| errno | look up errno names and descriptions |
| explain | explain system call error messages |
| strace | trace system calls and signals |
| ltrace | a library call tracer |
| mtrace | interpret output from malloc_trace |
| xtrace | trace communication between x11 client and server |
| stap | systemtap script translator driver |
| ktap | lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux |
| llttng | tracer control command line tool |
| perf | performance analysis tools for linux |
| perf-stat | run a command and gather performance counter statistics |
| perf-list | list all symbolic event types |
| tiptop | display hardware performance counters for linux tasks |
| babeltrace | babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf) |
| memdump | memory dumper |
| scanmem | locate and modify a variable in an executing process |
| crash | analyze linux crash dump data or a live system |
| binwalk | binary image search tool |
| strings | extract printable strings |
| ident | identify rcs keyword strings in files |
| pmap | report memory map of a process |
| ldd | print shared library dependencies |
| ldconfig | configure dynamic linker run-time bindings |
| ld.so | dynamic linker-loader |
| /lib/ld-linux.so.2 | dynamic linker-loader |
| /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 | dynamic linker-loader |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| rcs | change rcs file attributes |
| ci | check in rcs revisions |
| co | check out rcs revisions |
| git | the stupid content tracker |
| tig | text-mode interface for git |
| bzr | bazaar next-generation distributed version control |
| cvs | concurrent versions system |
| darcs | an advanced revision control system |
| hg | mercurial source code management system |
| svn | subversion command line client tool |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| sqlite3 | command line interface for sqlite version 3 |
| sqlite | a command line interface for sqlite |
| psql | postgresql interactive terminal |
| mysql | the mysql command-line tool |
| sql | execute a command on a database determined by a dburl |
| rrdtool | round robin database tool and grapher |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ip | show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels |
| tc | show/manipulate traffic control settings |
| ifconfig | set/display network information |
| ifdata | get network interface info without ifconfig parsing |
| ifstat | report interface statistics |
| ifdown | stop a network interface |
| ifup | bring a network interface up |
| ethtool | query or control network driver and hardware settings |
| mii-tool | view, manipulate media-independent interface status |
| nmcli | command-line tool for controlling networkmanager |
| nmtui | text user interface for controlling networkmanager |
| nm-tool | utility to report networkmanager state and devices |
| iperf | perform network throughput tests |
| nuttcp | network performance measurement tool |
| pchar | perform network measurements along an internet path |
| route | show/manipulate the ip routing table |
| hostname | print the system hostname |
| domainname | show or set the system nis/yp domain name |
| dnsdomainname | show the system dns domain name |
| nisdomainname | show or set the system's nis domain name |
| ypdomainname | show or set the system's yp domain name |
| whois | client for the whois directory service |
| dnstracer | trace a chain of DNS servers to the source |
| ping | check if host is reachable |
| hping3 | send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts |
| traceroute | print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr) |
| tracepath | traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along |
| mtr | traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool |
| netstat | print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats |
| lsof | list open files/streams/sockets/etc |
| ss | another utility to investigate sockets |
| host | dns lookup utility |
| dig | dns lookup utility |
| nslookup | query internet name servers interactively |
| zonecheck | dns zone checking tool |
| nc | netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens |
| cryptcat | twofish encryption enabled version of nc |
| ncat | concatenate and redirect sockets |
| socat | multipurpose relay (socket cat) |
| faucet | a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes) |
| hose | the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes) |
| arping | arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp |
| arp | manipulate the system arp cache |
| arpwatch | keep track of ethernet/ip address pairings |
| arpspoof | intercept packets on a switched lan |
| rarp | manipulate the system rarp table |
| ufw | program for managing a netfilter firewall |
| iptables | administration tool for ipv4 filtering and nat |
| ip6tables | ipv6 packet filter administration |
| iptables-save | dump iptables rules to stdout |
| ip6tables-save | dump iptables rules to stdout |
| iptables-restore | restore ip tables |
| ip6tables-restore | restore ipv6 tables |
| iptstate | top-like display of ip tables state table entries |
| ipchains | control the packet filter/firewall (see iptables) |
| ipcalc | ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator |
| ipv6calc | a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses |
| sipcalc | ip subnet calculator |
| subnetcalc | ipv4/ipv6 subnet calculator |
| tcpkill | kill tcp connections on a lan |
| tcpnice | slow down tcp connections on a lan |
| sshow | ssh traffic analysis tool |
| sshmitm | ssh monkey-in-the-middle |
| smbclient | ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers |
| ntptrace | trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source |
| snmpget | communicates with a network using snmp get requests |
| snmpwalk | retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext |
| snmpcmd | behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands |
| lldpad | link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon |
| lldptool | manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad |
| suricata | next generation intrusion detection and prevention tool |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| iw | show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration |
| iwconfig | configure a wireless network interface |
| iwlist | detailed information about a wireless interface |
| iwevent | show wireless events generated by drivers and hardware |
| iwgetid | report essid, nwid, ap/cell address of wireless network |
| wavemon | a wireless network monitor |
| kismet | wireless sniffing and monitoring |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ntop | display top network users |
| ntopng | display top network users |
| nload | displays the current network usage |
| cbm | display the current traffic on all network devices |
| sntop | top-like console network status tool |
| iftop | display bandwidth usage on an interface by host |
| jnettop | view hosts/ports taking up the most network traffic |
| bmon | bandwidth monitor and rate estimator |
| bwn-ng | a live monitor for network and disk io |
| speedometer | display the rate of data across a network connection |
| netload | network device load monitor |
| nethogs | a small net top tool, displays usage per process |
| slurm | yet another network load monitor |
| vnstat | a console-based network traffic monitor |
| nicstat | print network traffic statistics |
| pktstat | display packet activity |
| iptraf | interactive colorful ip lan monitor |
| netwatch | ethernet internet protocol monitor |
| trafshow | full screen show network traffic |
| tcptrack | monitor tcp connections on the network |
| tcpreen | tcp stream monitoring tool |
| wavemon | a wireless network monitor |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ip | show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels |
| ip-tunnel | tunnel configuration |
| stunnel | universal ssl tunnel |
| ptunnel | tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets |
| udptunnel | tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| nmap | network exploration tool and security / port scanner |
| ndiff | utility to compare the results of nmap scans |
| scapy | interactive packet manipulation tool |
| nping | network packet generation tool / ping utility |
| arp-scan | the arp scanner |
| sslscan | fast ssl scanner |
| xprobe2 | a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool |
| p0f | identify remote systems passively |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| wireshark | interactively dump and analyze network traffic |
| tshark | dump and analyze network traffic |
| scapy | interactive packet manipulation tool |
| dumpcap | dump network traffic |
| tcpspy | tcp/ip connection monitor |
| tcpdump | dump traffic on a network |
| tcptrace | a tcp connection analysis tool |
| tcpick | tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker |
| tcpflow | tcp flow recorder |
| snort | packet sniffer/logger and intrusion detection system |
| pcapdump | dedicated packet capture utility |
| pcapip | filter a pcap for ip addresses |
| pcappick | pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number |
| pcapuc | filter a pcap for ip addresses |
| ettercap | sniffer/content filter for man in the middle attacks |
| ngrep | network grep |
| tetheral | dump and analyze network traffic |
| sniffit | packet sniffer and monitoring tool |
| httpry | http logging and information retrieval tool |
| dsniff | password sniffer (lots of protocols) |
| kismet | wireless sniffing and monitoring |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| exportfs | maintain table of exported nfs file systems |
| showmount | show mount information for an NFS server |
| nfsstat | list nfs statistics |
| nfsiostat | report input/output statistics for nfs |
| sshfs | filesystem client based on ssh |
| curlftpfs | mount a ftp host as a local directory |
| flickrfs | virtual filesystem for flickr photosharing service |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ssh | openssh ssh client (remote login program) |
| cssh | cluster admin tool, multiple ssh connection |
| ssh-copy-id | install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys |
| ssh-keygen | authkey generation, management and conversion |
| rsh | remote shell |
| crsh | cluster admin tool, multiple rsh connection |
| rlogin | openssh ssh client (remote login program) |
| telnet | log into remote hosts |
| ctel | cluster admin tool, multiple telnet connection |
| ccon | cluster admin tool, multiple console connection |
| uux | remote command execution |
| uustat | uucp status inquiry and job control |
| finger | user information lookup program |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| minicom | friendly serial communication program |
| efax | send/receive faxes with class 1, 2 or 2.0 fax modem |
| mgetty | smart data/fax modem getty |
| fax | fax sending and receiving with mgetty+sendfax |
| sendfax | submit a facsimile job for transmission |
| sendpage | submit a pager job for transmission |
| faxstat | for hylafax facsimile server status |
| faxspool | queue and convert files for faxing with sendfax |
| faxq | display fax jobs queued by faxspool |
| faxrunq | send fax jobs queued by faxspool |
| faxrm | remove fax jobs queued by faxspool |
| faxalter | alter parameters of a queued hylafax job |
| fax2ps | convert a tiff facsimile to compressed postscript |
| faxcover | generate postscript cover page for outgoing facsimile |
| faxmail | hylafax mail-to-fax (postscript) gateway application |
| textfmt | convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile |
| gammu | does some neat things with your cellular phone or modem |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| curl | transfer a url (swiss army tool) |
| wget | the non-interactive network downloader |
| httrack | offline browser : copy websites to a local directory |
| linkchecker | check html documents and websites for broken links |
| woof | a small, simple, stupid webserver to share files |
| wput | wget-like ftp-uploader |
| sftp | secure file transfer program |
| ncftp | browser program for the file transfer protocol |
| ncftpget | internet file transfer program for scripts |
| ncftpput | internet file transfer program for scripts |
| ftp | copy files between hosts |
| lftp | sophisticated file transfer program |
| scp | securely copy files between hosts |
| rcp | remote file copy |
| uucp | system-to-system copy |
| mulk | parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink |
| axel | light download accelerator (best imo) |
| aria | fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink) |
| aria2c | the ultra fast download utility http/ftp/bt/metalink |
| ctorrent | download bittorrent files from command line |
| rtorrent | a bittorrent client for ncurses |
| mktorrent | simple bittorrent metainfo file creator |
| bittorrent-downloader | download files using a scatter-gather network |
| btdownloadcurses | download files using a scatter-gather network |
| amulecmd | console-based program to control amule |
| get_flash_videos | downloader for flash-based video sites |
| rmtpdump | rtmp streaming media client |
| youtube-dl | download video from youtube or other video platforms |
| quvi | query media tool for parsing flash streams url |
| cclive | downloading media streams from youtube and similars |
| nc | netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens |
| cryptcat | twofish encryption enabled version of nc |
| ncat | concatenate and redirect sockets |
| socat | multipurpose relay (socket cat) |
| faucet | a fixture for a bsd network pipe (netpipes) |
| hose | the client end of a bsd network pipe (netpipes) |
| trickle | a lightweight userspace bandwidth shaper |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| lynx | a general purpose, text-only browser for the www |
| links | lynx-like alternative character mode www browser |
| links2 | lynx-like alternative character mode www browser |
| elinks | lynx-like alternative character mode www browser |
| netrik | the antrik internet browser |
| w3m | a text based web browser and pager |
| edbrowse | text editor and web browser |
| httrack | offline browser : copy websites to a local directory |
| surfraw | fast search/bookmarks access to various www clients |
| gopher | connect to gopher document server |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| newsbeuter | an rss feed reader for text terminals |
| rsstail | console based rss news reader |
| canto | an ncurses rss reader |
| raggle | console rss aggregator |
| olive | console rss reader |
| rawdog | rss aggregator without delusions of grandeur |
| nrss | an ncurses rss reader |
| snownews | console rss newsreader |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| hpodder | scan and download podcasts |
| podget | simple tool to automate downloading of podcasts |
| podracer | a podcast aggregator with bittorrent support |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| centerim | text mode based im client for linux |
| finch | instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple) |
| pork | console-based aol instant messenger & irc client |
| freetalk | a console based jabber client |
| mcabber | a simple jabber console client |
| ekg | gadu-gadu compatible client |
| BitchX | an advanced internet relay chat client |
| irssi | a modular irc client for unix |
| weechat | wee enhanced environment for chat |
| bitlbee | irc gateway to im chat networks |
| epic5 | internet relay chat client for unix like systems |
| tinyirc | basic irc commands and an curses-based interface |
| ii | a minimalistic fifo and filesystem based irc client |
| sic | an extremly fast, small and simple irc client |
| tircd | an ircd proxy to the twitter api |
| talk | talk to another user |
| ytalk | multi-user chat program |
| write | send a message to another user |
| wall | write a message to users |
| mesg | control write access to your terminal |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| minimal client to send and receive mail | |
| mailx | send and receive internet mail |
| msmtp | an smtp client |
| mutt | text-based email client |
| alpine | internet news and email |
| notmuch | thread-based email index, search, and tagging |
| cone | read and send e-mail messages |
| elmo | the electronic mail operator |
| fetchyahoo | retrieve mail from yahoo webmail service |
| urlscan | browse the urls in an email message from a terminal |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| slrn | an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader |
| trn | threaded read news program |
| tin | usenet newsreader |
| nn | efficient net news interface (no news is good news) |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| shell-fm | console-based player for last.fm radio streams |
| command-line access to (some) google services | |
| gcalcli | google calendar command line interface |
| episoder | tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com |
| youtube-dl | download video from youtube or other video platforms |
| get_flash_videos | downloader for various flash-based video sites |
| quvi | query media tool for parsing flash streams url |
| cclive | downloading media streams from youtube and similars |
| twyt | command line twitter client |
| bti | send a tweet to twitter.com from the command line |
| tircd | an ircd proxy to the twitter api |
| twidge | microblogging client for twitter, identica |
| weather | obtain weather conditions and forecasts |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cd | change directory |
| pwd | print name of current/working directory |
| mkdir | make directories |
| rmdir | remove empty directories |
| tree | list contents of directories in a tree-like format |
| dirdiff | display diff and merge changes between directories |
| pushd | sh: add directories to stack |
| popd | sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir |
| dirs | display directory stack (pushd/popd) |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls | list directory contents and files |
| dir | briefly list files |
| vdir | verbosely list directory contents |
| tree | list contents of directories in a tree-like format |
| dircolors | color setup for ls |
| df | report file system disk space usage |
| dfc | display file system space usage using graphs and colors |
| pydf | report colourised filesystem disk space usage |
| du | estimate file space usage |
| ncdu | ncurses disk usage |
| agedu | correlate disk usage and last-access times |
| touch | create file, change file timestamps |
| fallocate | preallocate or deallocate space to a file |
| truncate | shrink or extend the size of a file |
| dd | convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records |
| cp | copy files and directories |
| mcp | copy files by wildcard patterns |
| qcp | copy files editing the names in a text editor |
| install | copy files and set attributes |
| mv | move (rename) files |
| mmv | move files by wildcard patterns |
| rename | rename files by replacing expressions |
| prename | renames multiple files with perl expression |
| qmv | rename files editing the names in a text editor |
| convmv | converts filenames from one encoding to another |
| vidir | edit a directory in your text editor |
| detox | clean up filenames |
| rm | remove files or directories |
| unlink | call the unlink function to remove the specified file |
| shred | overwrite a file to hide its contents, and delete it |
| wipe | securely erase files from magnetic media |
| gitwipe | an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools) |
| ln | make filesystem links |
| mln | link files by wildcard patterns |
| sln | link files (statically linked) |
| link | create a hard link to a file |
| readlink | print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name |
| cleanlinks | remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories |
| hardlink | Hardinks multiple copies of a file |
| stow | software package installation manager (with symlinks) |
| mkfifo | create named pipe |
| mknod | make block or character special files |
| mktemp | create a temporary file or directory |
| flock | manage locks from shell scripts |
| basename | strip directory and suffix from filenames |
| dirname | convert a full pathname to just a path |
| realpath | print the resolved path |
| pathchk | check whether file names are valid or portable |
| inotifywatch | gather filesystem access statistics using inotify |
| inotifywait | wait for changes to files using inotify |
| trash | trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org |
| trash-list | list trashed files |
| trash-restore | restore for command line trash utility |
| trash-empty | empty for command line trash utility |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| tee | read from stdin, write to stdout and files |
| multitee | send multiple inputs to multiple outputs |
| pee | tee standard input to pipes |
| xargs | build and execute command lines from standard input |
| parallel | run programs in parallel |
| mispipe | pipe two commands returning the exit status of the first |
| pv | monitor the progress of data through a pipe |
| sponge | soaks up all standard input and write to a file after |
| stdbuf | run command with modified buffering for its stdstreams |
| ifne | run command if the standard input is not empty |
| ts | timestamp input |
| vipe | insert a text editor into a pipe |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| umask | set default file protections |
| stat | display file attributes or file system status |
| touch | change file timestamps |
| chown | change file owner and group |
| chgrp | change group ownership |
| chmod | change file mode bits |
| chattr | change advanced file attributes on a linux file system |
| lsattr | list advanced file attributes on a ext file system |
| getfattr | get extended attributes of filesystem objects |
| setfattr | set extended attributes of filesystem objects |
| getfacl | get file access control lists |
| setfacl | set file access control lists |
| test | check file types and compare values |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| find | search for files in a directory hierarchy |
| ftff | fault tolerant file find utility |
| updatedb | update a database for m/slocate |
| locate | locate files via index (m/slocate) |
| doodle | a tool to search the meta-data in your files |
| which | locate a command |
| whereis | locate binary, source, and manual page for a command |
| fdupes | finds duplicate files in a given set of directories |
| rdfind | finds duplicate files |
| findimagedupes | finds visually similar or duplicate images |
| hardlink | Hardinks multiple copies of a file |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| diff | compare files line by line |
| zdiff | compare compressed files |
| bzdiff | compare compressed files |
| diff3 | compare three files line by line |
| diffstat | make histogram from diff-output |
| rfcdiff | compare rfcs or internet drafts or any other text files |
| merge | three-way file merge |
| wdiff | display word differences between text files |
| sdiff | side-by-side merge of file differences |
| mcdiff | visual shell for unix-like systems |
| ndiff | utility to compare the results of nmap scans |
| bsdiff | generate a patch between two binary files |
| rdiff | binary diff tool for signature-based differences |
| quilt | tool to manage series of patches |
| bspatch | apply a patch built with bsdiff |
| patch | apply a diff file to an original |
| unify | transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa |
| combine | combine lines from two files using boolean operations |
| comm | compare two sorted files line by line |
| cmp | compare two files byte by byte |
| zcmp | compare compressed files |
| bzcmp | compare compressed files |
| cksum | checksum and count the bytes in a file |
| sum | checksum and count the blocks in a file |
| md5sum | compute and check md5 message digest |
| md5pass | create an md5 password hash |
| shasum | print or check sha checksums |
| rhash | print or check ed2k, bittorrent, dc++, and other hashes |
| rahash2 | block based hashing utility |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| file | determine file type |
| mimetype | identify file types |
| mimeopen | open files by mimetype |
| mediainfo | display information about audio/video files |
| rifle | ranger's file opener with special file type checking |
| extract | determine meta-information about a file |
| od | dump files in octal and other formats |
| xxd | make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch) |
| hexdump | ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump |
| mcview | midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex) |
| dhex | hex editor with a diff mode |
| hexedit | view and edit files in hexadecimal or in ascii |
| tweak | efficient hex editor |
| hte | executable's editor |
| bsdiff | generate a patch between two binary files |
| bspatch | apply a patch built with bsdiff |
| rafind2 | find byte patterns into files |
| rahash2 | block based hashing utility |
| radiff2 | unified binary diffing utility |
| hexdiff | hexadecimal visual diff for binary files |
| bbe | sed-like editor for binary files |
| dd | convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records |
| ddrescue | data recovery tool |
| foremost | recover files using their headers/footers/structures |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mc | midnight commander, visual shell for unix-like systems |
| gitfm | gnu interactive tools file manager |
| ranger | visual file manager |
| vifm | a ncurses based file manager with vi like keybindings |
| clex | file manager |
| vfu | text-mode file manager for unix/linux |
| pilot | simple file browser in the style of the alpine composer |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mcview | midnight commander internal file viewer (ascii/hex) |
| gitview | an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools) |
| cat | concatenate files and print on the standard output |
| mad | append files by wildcard patterns |
| tac | concatenate and print files in reverse |
| rev | reverse characters of lines in file or files |
| spc | colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat) |
| lolcat | rainbow coloring for text |
| tac | concatenate and print files in reverse |
| combine | combine lines from two files using boolean operations |
| lnav | ncurses-based log file viewer |
| ccze | a robust log colorizer |
| zcat | expand and concatenate data (gz) |
| bzcat | decompresses files to stdout (bz2) |
| xzcat | decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma) |
| less | opposite of more |
| zless | file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text |
| bzless | file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 |
| most | browse or page through a text file |
| more | file perusal filter for viewing |
| zmore | file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text |
| bzmore | file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 |
| pg | browse pagewise through text files |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mcedit | internal file editor of gnu midnight commander |
| vi | text editor |
| vim | text editor |
| cream | set of macros making vim easier to use for beginners |
| emacs | gnu project emacs text editor |
| nano | a small and friendly text editor |
| jed | programmers editor |
| aee | another easy editor |
| diakonos | a customizable, usable console-based text editor |
| pico | simple text editor in the style of the alpine composer |
| zile | zile is lossy emacs |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| truncate | shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size |
| head | output the first 10 lines of file |
| tail | output the last 10 lines of file |
| multitail | browse through several files at once |
| since | display content of a file since the last time |
| split | split a file into fixed-size pieces |
| lxsplit | a simple tool for splitting and joining split files |
| nl | number lines of files |
| wc | print newline, word, and byte counts for each file |
| ex | text editor |
| ed | the standard text editor |
| red | line-oriented text editor |
| edbrowse | text editor and web browser |
| look | display lines beginning with a given string |
| grep | search files for lines of text matching a pattern |
| egrep | print lines matching a pattern (-e) |
| fgrep | search files for lines that match a fixed string (-f) |
| rgrep | print lines matching a pattern recursively (-r) |
| agrep | search a file for a string with approximate matching |
| sgrep | search a file for a structured pattern |
| zgrep | search compressed files for a regular expression |
| bzgrep | search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression |
| ack | ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep |
| ag | the silver searcher - like ack, but faster |
| urlview | url extractor/launcher (see urlscan for mails) |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| gawk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| mawk | pattern scanning and processing language |
| sed | stream editor for filtering and transforming text |
| psed | a stream editor |
| a2p | awk to perl translator |
| s2p | sed to perl translator |
| cut | extract columns from files |
| join | join lines of two files on a common field |
| combine | combine lines from two files using boolean operations |
| column | columnate lists |
| colrm | remove columns from a file |
| rs | reshape a data array |
| csplit | split a file into context-determined pieces |
| paste | append/merge columns |
| tr | translate, squeeze or delete characters |
| sort | sort lines of text files |
| msort | sort records in complex ways |
| tsort | perform topological sort |
| shuf | write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout |
| unsort | reorder lines in a file in semirandom ways |
| tac | concatenate and print files in reverse |
| rev | reverse characters of lines in file or files |
| uniq | report or omit repeated lines |
| tee | copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously |
| multitee | send multiple inputs to multiple outputs |
| pr | convert text files for printing |
| fmt | optimally reformat text |
| par | filter for reformatting paragraphs |
| fold | wrap each input line to fit in specified width |
| expand | convert tabs to spaces |
| unexpand | convert spaces to tabs |
| uchardet | universalchardet (Universal Charset Detector) |
| recode | converts files between character sets |
| iconv | convert encoding of given files |
| unaccent | remove accents from input stream or a string |
| sq | squeeze a sorted word list |
| unsq | unsqueeze a sorted word list |
| csvtool | tool for performing manipulations on csv files |
| xmlstarlet | command line xml/xslt toolkit |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| lp | send files to a printer |
| lpr | print files |
| lpq | show printer queue status |
| lpstat | print cups status information |
| lprm | remove print jobs |
| lpmove | move a job or all jobs to a new destination |
| cancel | cancel cups print jobs |
| lpc | line printer control program |
| ink | tool for checking the ink level of your printers |
| lpadmin | configure cups printers and classes |
| lpoptions | display or set cups printer options and defaults |
| cupsaccept | accept jobs sent to a destination |
| cupsreject | reject jobs sent to a destination |
| cupsdisable | stop printers and classes |
| cupsenable | start printers and classes |
| paperconfig | configure the system default paper size |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dtrx | cleanly extract many archive types |
| atool | a script for managing file archives of various types |
| patool | portable archive file manager |
| gitunpack | gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking |
| ar | create, modify, and extract from archives |
| tar | the gnu version of the tar archiving utility |
| cpio | copy files to and from archives |
| 7z | a file archiver with highest compression ratio |
| gzip | compress files (gnu zip) |
| pigz | parallel compress files (gnu zip) |
| bzip2 | a block-sorting file compressor |
| lz | provides a listing of a tar.gz archive |
| gunzip | expand files (gnu zip) |
| unpigz | parallel decompress files (gnu zip) |
| bunzip2 | a block-sorting file decompressor |
| gzexe | compress executable files in place |
| bzexe | compress executable files in place |
| compress | compress and expand data |
| pbzip2 | parallel bzip2 file compressor |
| lzip | reduces the size of files |
| pax | portable archive interchange |
| rar | archive files with compression |
| unrar | extract files from rar archives |
| compress | compress data |
| uncompress | expand files |
| shar | create shell archives |
| unshar | unpack a shar file |
| unace | extract, test and view ace archives |
| uuencode | encode a binary file |
| uudecode | decode a file created by uuencode |
| base64 | encode/decode data and print to standard output |
| xz | compress or decompress xz and lzma files |
| lzma | lzma compression and decompression tool |
| lzma2 | lzma compression and decompression tool |
| zoo | manipulate archives of files in compressed form |
| pxz | parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz |
| zip | compress files (windows zip) |
| cabextract | extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab) |
| zrun | automatically uncompress arguments to command |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| gpg | openpgp encryption and signing tool |
| gpgv | verify openpgp signatures |
| crypt | encrypt or decrypt files (wrapper for mcrypt) |
| mcrypt | encrypt files, several algorythms |
| bcrypt | blowfish file encryption |
| ccrypt | encrypt and decrypt using rijndael block cipher (aes) |
| scrypt | encrypt or decrypt files |
| aespipe | aes encrypting or decrypting pipe |
| openssl | openssl command line tool |
| enc | symmetric cipher routines |
| stunnel | universal ssl tunnel |
| cryptcat | twofish encryption enabled version of nc |
| rsyncrypto | rsync friendly encryption |
| encfs | mounts or creates an encrypted virtual filesystem |
| encfsctl | administrative tool for working with encfs filesystems |
| stegdetect | finds image files with steganographic content |
| stegbreak | launches brute-force dictionary attacks on jpg image |
| steghide | a steganography program |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mt | control magnetic tape drive operation |
| dump | ext2/3/4 filesystem backup |
| restore | restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump |
| tar | read write tape archives |
| par2 | par 2.0 compatible file verification and repair tool |
| unison | user level file-synchronization tool |
| rsync | a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool |
| rsyncrypto | rsync friendly encryption |
| duplicity | encrypted incremental backup to local or remote storage |
| backup-manager | an easy to use backup tool for your linux box |
| rdist | remote file distribution client program |
| rdup | generate a file list suitable for making backups |
| tarsnap | manipulate remote encrypted backups |
| vbackup | a modular backup program |
| venti | client for sha1-addressed block storage server |
| bbackupctl | control the box backup client daemon |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mkisofs | create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem |
| genisoimage | create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem |
| growisofs | combined frontend to cd/dvd/bluray recording program |
| cdw | frontend to cdrecord/mkisofs/growisofs and other tools |
| cdrdao | reads and writes cds in disc-at-once mode |
| cdrecord | burn a cd |
| xorriso | creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge |
| bchunk | cd image format conversion from bin/cue to iso/cdr |
| burn | record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd) |
| mp3burn | burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files |
| bashburn | a bash script cd burner writer |
| mybashburn | burn data cds/dvds and create mp3/ogg/flac |
| dvdauthor | assembles multiple mpeg into a suitable dvd filesystem |
| cdparanoia | cdda reading tool with extra data verification features |
| abcde | a better cd encoder, grabs cd to ogg/speex/mp3/flac/etc |
| crip | a terminal-based ripper/encoder/tagger tool |
| jack | rip and encode cds with one command |
| cdda2ogg | extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in ogg |
| cdda2mp3 | extract audio cd audio tracks and encode them in mp3 |
| ripit | make flac/ogg/mp3/m4a/aac/als/mp4/mpc/wv/etc from cd |
| ocp | open cubic music player |
| cdcd | command driven cd player |
| cplay | a front-end for various audio players |
| mcdp | a small cdplayer for linux |
| workbone | interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd |
| cdctrl | command line cdrom control |
| cdeject | ejects the current compact disc |
| cdclose | closes the cdrom tray |
| cdir | lists infos about the currently loaded audio cd |
| cdinfo | print out the audiostatus (playing, etc) |
| cdpause | pauses/resumes the currently playing compact disc |
| cdplay | plays the compact disc |
| cdstop | stops the compact disc |
| cdvolume | sets the output volume level of the cd player (0-255) |
| cdshuffle | plays the audio tracks on the disc in random order |
| cdadd | add information for a new cd to .cdtooldb |
| cdown | query cddb database for info on a disc |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| qalc | powerful and easy to use command line calculator |
| bc | an arbitrary precision calculator language |
| dc | an arbitrary precision calculator |
| calc | arbitrary precision calculator |
| mathomatic | a computer algebra system |
| wcalc | a natural-expression command-line calculator |
| numfmt | convert numbers from/to human-readable strings |
| rax2 | convert between (signed) int, float, oct, bin and hex |
| units | convert units from one scale to another |
| numgrep | the numeric equivilent of the grep utility |
| numprocess | this program mutates numbers as it encounters them |
| numsum | take the first numbers on stdin and return the sum |
| numaverage | find the average of a set of numbers |
| numbound | find boundary numbers in files or stdin |
| numnormalize | normalize a set of numbers, by default between 0 and 1 |
| numinterval | show the numeric intervals between each line in a file |
| numround | rounds off numbers it encounters. |
| seq | print a sequence of numbers |
| numrange | print out a range of numbers for use in for loops |
| jot | print sequential or random data |
| ent | pseudorandom number sequence test |
| numrandom | print out a random number |
| factor | factor numbers |
| primes | display all primes (primes.pl) |
| primes.6 | generate primes |
| sc | spreadsheet calculator |
| gnuplot | an interactive plotting program |
| maxima | common lisp version of macsyma symbolic mathematics |
| octave | matlab like language for numerical computations |
| R | a language for data analysis and graphics |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| date | print or set the system date and time |
| cal | displays a calendar and the date of easter |
| ncal | cal with an alternative layout |
| gcal | a program for calculating and printing calendars |
| gcalcli | google calendar command line interface |
| ddate | convert gregorian dates to discordian dates |
| pcal | generate postscript or html calendars |
| saydate | audio date/uptime check |
| saytime | audio time check |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| sleep | wait for some time |
| watch | execute a program periodically, showing output |
| chronic | runs a command quietly unless it fails |
| wait | await process completion |
| flock | manage locks from shell scripts |
| lckdo | run a program with a lock held |
| shush | run a command and optionally report its output by mail |
| inotifywait | wait for changes to files using inotify |
| entr | run arbitrary commands when files change |
| fsniper | watch directories and apply rules to created files |
| timeout | run a command with a time limit |
| crontab | maintain crontab files for individual users |
| at | executes commands at a specified time |
| atq | lists the user pending jobs |
| atrm | remove jobs fom the later execution queue |
| batch | executes commands when system load levels permit |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| wordgrinder | console-based word processor |
| antiword | show the text and images of ms word documents |
| abook | text-based address book program |
| hnb | hierarchical notebook |
| worklog | keeping track of time spent on different projects |
| tpp | text presentation program |
| xsw | slide show presentation tool |
| ledger | command-line accounting |
| sc | spreadsheet calculator |
| slsc | s-langauge port of the sc spreadsheet |
| teapot | table editor and planner |
| oleo | the gnu spreadsheet program |
| ssconvert | a command line spreadsheet format converter |
| ssindex | generate index data for spreadsheet files |
| ssgrep | search spreadsheets for strings |
| ssdiff | compare two spreadsheets |
| dbview | view dbase 3 files |
| gv | postscript and pdf viewer |
| xdvi | dvi previewer for the x window system |
For note-taking, you might also want to have a look at:
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| spell | check spelling in batch |
| aspell | check spelling interactively |
| ispell | check spelling in batch or interactively |
| goldendict | a feature-rich dictionary lookup program |
| dict | dict protocol client |
| sdcv | console version of stardict program |
| aiksaurus | english-language thesaurus |
| wtf | translates acronyms for you |
| an | anagram generator |
| wordplay | anagram finder |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| gs | ghostscript, a postscript and pdf interpreter/previewer |
| fbgs | postscript/pdf viewer for the framebuffer console |
| latex | structured text formatting and typesetting |
| tex | text formatting and typesetting |
| etex | extended tex |
| latexdiff | determine and markup differences between two latex files |
| latexmk | generate latex document |
| dblatex | convert docbook to latex, dvi, postscript, and pdf |
| psselect | select pages from a postscript file |
| mf | metafont, a language for font and logo design |
| pdftex | pdf output from tex |
| mutool | all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files |
| pdfjam | a shell script for manipulating pdf files |
| pdftk | a handy tool for manipulating pdf |
| pdfunite | pdf page merger |
| pdffonts | pdf font analyzer |
| pdfimages | pdf image extractor |
| pdfinfo | pdf document information extractor |
| pdfseparate | pdf page extractor |
| pdftocairo | pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo |
| pdftohtml | program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png |
| pdftoppm | pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter |
| pdftops | pdf to postscript converter |
| pdftotext | pdf to text converter |
| diffpdf | compare two pdf files textually or visually |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| task | taskwarrior, a command line todo manager |
| tudu | command line hierarchical todo list |
| remind | a sophisticated reminder service |
| wyrd | front-end to remind |
| gcalcli | google calendar command line interface |
| calcurse | text-based organizer |
| pal | calendar with events |
| when | a minimalistic personal calendar program |
| devtodo | a reminder/task program aimed at developers |
| tdl | to do list manager |
| todo.sh | minimal, todo.txt focused task manager |
| w2do | a simple text-based todo manager |
| yokadi | commandline todo system |
| episoder | tv show reminder from epguides.com and thetvdb.com |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dos2unix | dos/mac to unix text file format converter |
| isutf8 | check whether files are valid utf-8 |
| iconv | convert encoding of given files |
| recode | converts files between character sets |
| utf8tolatin1 | reads utf-8 encoded text and writes latin1 |
| groff | front-end for the groff document formatting system |
| troff | the troff processor of the groff text formatting system |
| nroff | emulate nroff command with groff |
| deroff | remove roff and preprocessor constructs |
| eqn | format equations for troff or mathml |
| neqn | format equations for ascii output |
| tbl | format tables for troff |
| col | filter reverse line feeds from input |
| catdvi | dvi to plain text converter |
| gv | postscript and pdf viewer |
| odt2txt | a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text |
| o3read | dump of an openoffice.org document parse tree |
| o3tohtml | convert files in openoffice.org format to html |
| o3totxt | convert files in openoffice.org format to text |
| catdoc | outputs word doc file content as plain text |
| docx2txt | convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text |
| abiword | flexible word processor documents converter |
| antiword | show the text and images of ms word documents |
| xls2csv | output ms-excel file as comma-separated values |
| xlsx2csv | convert xslx xml files to csv format |
| xlhtml | convert excel xls files to html |
| ssconvert | spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric) |
| ppthtml | convert powerpoint ppt files to html |
| stx2any | converter from structured text to multiple formats |
| pandoc | general markup converter |
| unhtml | strip the html formatting |
| html2text | an advanced html-to-text converter |
| html2markdown | converts html to markdown-formatted text |
| asciidoc | converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook |
| markdown | convert markdown syntax to (x)html |
| ttm | tex/latex to mathml converter |
| txt2tags | text formatting and conversion tool |
| txt2man | convert flat ascii text to man page format |
| txt2html | convert plain text file to html |
| textfmt | convert ascii text to postscript for facsimile |
| txt2pdbdoc | text to doc file converter for palm pilots |
| img2txt | convert images to various text-based coloured files |
| cacaview | ascii image browser |
| asciiview | a high quality ascii art image viewer |
| gnuhtml2latex | html to latex converter |
| csv2latex | convert a csv file into a latex document |
| sgml2latex | create latex, dvi, ps or pdf output from an sgml file |
| chm2pdf | a tool convert chm to pdf format |
| unoconv | convert documents from/to libreoffice format |
| jodconverter | import/export documents using the libreoffice filters |
| ps2ascii | ghostscript translator from postscript or pdf to ascii |
| ps2pdf | convert postscript to pdf using ghostscript |
| vilistextum | html to ascii converter |
| wvWare | convert msword documents |
| rst2pdf | convert restructuredtext documents to pdf |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| figlet | display text with an ascii art charset |
| toilet | display large colourful characters |
| cowsay | configurable speaking/thinking cow (and a bit more) |
| cadubi | creative ascii drawing utility |
| lolcat | rainbow coloring for text |
| cacaview | ascii image browser |
| asciiview | a high quality ascii art image viewer |
| linux_logo | color ansi penguin logo with system information |
| screenfetch | the bash screenshot information tool |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| fbi | framebuffer imageviewer |
| fim | fbi (linux framebuffer imageviewer) improved |
| findimagedupes | finds visually similar or duplicate images |
| identify | describes the format and characteristics of images |
| fbgrab | takes a screenshot using the framebuffer device |
| gifsicle | manipulates gif images and animations |
| pngcrush | optimizes, or modifies, png files |
| optipng | advanced optimization program for |
| gm | graphicsmagick is a set of tools to manipulate images |
| convert | convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image |
| mogrify | inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image |
| icotool | convert and create win32 icon and cursor files |
| rdjpgcom | display text comments from a jpeg file |
| wrjpgcom | insert text comments into a jpeg file |
| cjpeg | compress an image file to a jpeg file |
| djpeg | decompress a jpeg file to an image file |
| jpegtran | lossless transformation of jpeg files |
| jp2a | convert jpeg images to ascii |
| exif | shows exif information in jpeg files |
| exiftool | read and write meta information in media files |
| exiftran | transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images |
| exifcom | set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif |
| exiftags | output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section |
| exiftime | display/adjust the date and time exif tags |
| exifprobe | probe and report exif structure and metadata content |
| exifgrep | select and reformat the output of exifprobe |
| jhead | digicam jpeg exif header manipulation tool |
| gle | graphics layout engine |
| simple-scan | scanning utility |
| scanimage | scan an image |
| gocr | command line text recognition tool |
| tesseract | command-line ocr engine |
| album | themable html photo album generator |
| gphotofs | filesystem to mount digital cameras |
| qrencode | encode data in a qr code as a png or eps image |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dot | filter for drawing directed graphs |
| neato | filter for drawing undirected graphs |
| twopi | filter for radial layouts of graphs |
| circo | filter for circular layout of graphs |
| fdp | filter for drawing undirected graphs |
| sfdp | filter for drawing large undirected graphs |
| patchwork | filter for tree maps |
| asy | asymptote: a script-based vector graphics language |
| inkscape | svg (scalable vector graphics) editing program |
| rasterizer | svg conversion to png, jpeg and pdf |
| potrace | transform bitmaps into vector graphics |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| aqsis | aqsis renderer adhering to the renderman standard |
| povray | the persistence of vision ray tracer |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mplayer | video/audio player/streamer |
| mencoder | video decoding, encoding and filtering tool |
| vlc | video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder |
| xine | a free video player |
| xine-remote | a small tool to connect xine remote control server |
| avplay | avplay media player |
| avconv | avconv video converter |
| avprobe | avprobe media prober |
| avidemux | a free video editor |
| mpgtx | manipulate mpeg files |
| mplex | mpeg 1/2 program/system stream multiplexer |
| ffmpeg | ffmpeg video converter |
| mediainfo | display information about audio/video files |
| imdb | calls any of the imdb functions |
| imdb-get | looks up imdb data for a film |
| imdb-link | links films based on their genre |
| imdb-rename | renames files based on their title |
| imdb-fxd | creates fxd files from the imdb cache for freevo |
| imdb-update-cache | updates the imdb cache for a given directory |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mplayer | video/audio player/streamer |
| vlc | video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder |
| sox | the swiss army knife of audio manipulation |
| oggenc | encode audio into the ogg vorbis format |
| flac | encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing flac streams |
| lame | create mp3 audio files |
| mediainfo | display information about audio/video files |
| exfalso | tag editor for mp3/ogg/flac/musepack/wavpack/mod/xm/it |
| id3 | id3 tag editor |
| id3v2 | add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1 |
| id3tool | a command line editor for id3 tags |
| id3ed | edit id3 description tags in mpeg3 files |
| mussort | sort music files into folders |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mplayer | video/audio player/streamer |
| vlc | video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder |
| ocp | open cubic music player |
| mpc | program for controlling music player daemon (mpd) |
| ncmpc | curses music player daemon (mpd) client |
| audtty | control audacious from cli with a ncurses interface |
| xmms2 | command-line interface to the xmms2 daemon |
| cmus | curse music player |
| moosic | a command-line client for the moosic jukebox system |
| play | sox invoked as play outputs to the default sound device |
| bplay | buffered sound playing |
| ogg123 | plays ogg vorbis files |
| mpg123 | play audio mpeg 1.0/2.0/2.5 stream (layers 1, 2 and 3) |
| mpg321 | simple and lightweight command line mp3 player |
| splay | mpeg-1,2 audio layer 1,2,3 file player |
| madplay | decode and play mpeg audio stream(s) |
| audiopreview | play audio, video, and internet media streams |
| herrie | interactive music playlist player |
| mp3blaster | an interactive text-console based mp3 player |
| mocp | console audio player |
| mpc123 | your handy musepack audio player |
| orpheus | text mode menu and window-driven audio player |
| pytone | music jukebox for your audio files |
| yauap | audio player based on the gstreamer framework |
| mikmod | play soundtracker modules on a unix machine |
| xmp | extended module player |
| cdcd | command driven cd player |
| cplay | a front-end for various audio players |
| mcdp | a small cdplayer for linux |
| workbone | interactive text-mode program for playing audio cd |
| shell-fm | console-based player for last.fm radio streams |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| sox | the swiss army knife of audio manipulation |
| ecasound | sample editor, multitrack recorder, fx-processor, etc |
| rec | sox invoked as rec set default sound device as input |
| brec | buffered sound recording |
| snd | a sound editor |
| gramofile | sample and process analog recordings |
| quelcom | command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files |
| qmp3check | check and clean mp3 streams |
| qmp3cut | extract, delete parts of a mp3 file |
| cutmp3 | a fast and leightweight mp3 editor |
| fadecut | rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles |
| qmp3info | show info from mp3 files |
| arename | automatically rename audio files by tagging information |
| qmp3join | join mp3 files |
| qmp3report | report mp3 files and directories |
| qwavinfo | show info from wav files |
| qwavjoin | join wav files |
| qwavcut | extract, delete parts of a wav file |
| qwavsilence | detect and shrink silence sequences in wav files |
| qwavfade | fade in/out wav files |
| qwavheaderdump | dump and fix wav headers |
| normalize-audio | adjusts volume levels of audio files |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| timidity | midi-to-wave converter and player |
| pmidi | midi file player for alsa |
| playmidi | full-featured midi player using the voxware driver |
| arecordmidi | record standard midi files |
| abc2midi | converts abc file to midi |
| midi2abc | program to convert midi format files to abc notation |
| abcm2ps | translate abc music notation to postscript or svg |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| espeak | a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer |
| festival | a text-to-speech system |
| saydate | audio date/uptime check |
| saytime | audio time check |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| adventure | an exploration game |
| nethack | exploring the mazes of menace |
| slashem | exploring the mazes of menace |
| rogue | exploring the dungeons of doom |
| crawl | the roguelike game of crawl |
| battlestar | a tropical adventure game |
| phantasia | an interterminal fantasy game |
| wump | hunt the wumpus in an underground cave |
| bastet | tetris(r) clone with "bastard" block-choosing ai |
| pytris | two players console tetris game |
| tetris-bsd | the game of tetris |
| greed | eat a game field until you run out of moves |
| moon-buggy | drive some car across the moon |
| ninvaders | ncurses version of space invaders |
| overkill | bloody 2d action deathmatch-like game in ascii-art |
| worm | play the growing worm game |
| snake | display chase game |
| atc | air traffic controller game |
| robots | fight off villainous robots |
| hunt | a multi-player multi-terminal game |
| wargames | shall we play a game? |
| canfield | the solitaire card game canfield |
| cribbage | the card game cribbage |
| mille | play mille bornes |
| monop | monopoly game |
| backgammon | the game of backgammon |
| sail | multi-user wooden ships and iron men |
| trek | trekkie game |
| boggle | word search game |
| hangman | computer version of the game hangman |
| gtypist | typing tutor for different keyboards and languages |
| arithmetic | quiz on simple arithmetic |
| quiz | random knowledge tests |
| fortune | print a random, hopefully interesting, adage |
| display-dhammapada | display a verse from the dhammapada |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cmatrix | simulates the display from the matrix movie |
| rain | animated raindrops display |
| tty-clock | a terminal digital clock |
| binclock | prints time in binary format |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| echo | display a line of text |
| printf | format and print data |
| getopt | parse command options |
| expect | automate applications accessed over a terminal |
| expr | evaluate expressions |
| yes | output a string repeatedly until killed |
| true | do nothing, successfully |
| false | do nothing, unsuccessfully |
| ifetch | image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools |
| rig | random identity generator |
| pwgen | generate pronounceable passwords |
| makepasswd | generate and/or encrypt passwords |
| pwsafe | password database utility |
| gringotts | secure password and data storage manager |
| clamscan | scan files and directories for viruses |
| llines | lifelines genealogy program, gedcom format |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| xinput | utility to configure and test x input devices |
| xvidtune | adjust x server origin and size |
| xcalib | tiny monitor calibration loader for x |
| xev | x event viewer |
| setxkbmap | set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension |
| xmodmap | set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x |
| xhost | server access control program for x |
| xsetroot | root window parameter setting utility for x |
| import | window/screenshot |
| xset | user preference utility for x |
| xrdb | x server resource database utility |
| appres | list x application resource database |
| listres | list resources in widgets |
| editres | a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications |
| xlsfonts | server font list displayer for x |
| xfontsel | point and click selection of x11 font names |
| xfd | display all the characters in an x font |
| fc-scan | scan font files or directories |
| fc-cache | build font information cache files |
| fc-cat | read font information cache files |
| fc-list | list available fonts |
| fc-query | query font files |
| fc-match | match available fonts |
| fc-pattern | parse and show pattern |
| mimeopen | open files by mimetype |
| xdg-open | opens a file or url in the user preferred application |
| exo-open | open urls and launch preferred applications (xfce) |
| gnome-open | open files and urls using the gnome file handlers |
| dmenu | dynamic menu, manages huge numbers defined menu items |
| notify-send | a program to send desktop notifications |
| xmessage | display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo) |
| dialog | display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts |
| kdialog | show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts |
| zenity | display gtk+ dialogs |
| osd_cat | x on-screen file displayer |
| xclip | command line interface to x selections (clipboard) |
| xclipboard | x clipboard client |
| devilspie | perform actions on windows as they are created |
| xdotool | command-line x11 automation tool |
| xnee | records, replays x11 data on multiple displays |
| xbindkeys | grab key and mouse events in x and starts shell commands |
| xte | generates fake input using the xtest extension |
| x2x | use keyboard and mouse from an x display on antoher x |
| wmctrl | interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager |
| xtrlock | lock X display until password supplied |
| dbus-send | send a message to a desktop bus |
| dbus-monitor | debug probe to print desktop bus messages |
| qdbus | a communication-interface for qt-based applications |
| xrandr | primitive command line interface to randr extension |
| xprop | property displayer for x |
| xdpyinfo | display information utility for x |
| xwininfo | window information utility for x |
| xdriinfo | query configuration information of dri drivers |
| xvinfo | print out x-video extension adaptor information |
| glxinfo | show information about the glx implementation |
| Xvfb | virtual framebuffer x server without the hardware |
| trash | trash utility compliant with freedesktop.org |
| trash-list | list trashed files |
| trash-restore | restore for command line trash utility |
| trash-empty | empty for command line trash utility |
| xmag | magnify parts of the screen |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| axe | tools to improve network performance via snip |
| baby | create new process from two parents |
| bosskill | send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss |
| c | genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc) |
| celibacy | don't have sex |
| chainsaw | tools to improve network performance via snip |
| chastise | library function to punish users |
| condom | protects against viruses and child processes |
| ctluser | control lusers |
| cutter | tools to improve network performance via snip |
| egrope | massage a file for a while |
| fgrope | massage a file for a while |
| flame | reply to usenet news posting automatically |
| flog | speed up a process |
| gong | evaluate process performance |
| grope | massage a file for a while |
| guru | system administration |
| knife | tools to improve network performance via snip |
| lart | luser attitude readjustment tool |
| luser | process to control the clueless individuals |
| normality | defines types of normality different users may have |
| nuke | launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites |
| party | set os responses mode |
| people | fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human |
| pmsd | periodically manic system daemon |
| rescrog | change something, make it different |
| rtfm | a response for easy questions from clueless lusers |
| sex | have sex |
| slave | a semi-interactive command for the dirty work |
| strfry | string operation |
| sysadmin | responsible for everything imaginable |
| think | you dont have to think, computers can think for you |
| tm | meditate |
| uubp | unix-to-unix beer protocol |
| whack | mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer |
| xkill | kill processes or users, including usenet poster |
| xlart | interactive x interface to rlart |