The Arduino IDE has had a bug which causes the entire screen to go blank and become unusable. The following issues are related to this problem. It does not appear to be closed, but the upstream bug may have been fixed indirectly.
- [arduino-ide#2297]
- [arduino-ide#2148]
But if this bug is not fix, you may need to recover from the blank screen. It appears it requires killing all Arduino processes since there are some background processes which support the app. You can start by getting the process id from Activity Monitor. Filter to "Arduino" and press cmd-i to get the info. Take id and run this command with it. It is in parenthese with Process Group.