Full System Backup with rsync https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Full_System_Backup_with_rsync_(%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

full_system_backup.sh

#!/bin/sh

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then 
    echo "No destination defined. Usage: $0 destination" >&2
    exit 1
elif [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
    echo "Too many arguments. Usage: $0 destination" >&2
    exit 1
elif [ ! -d "$1" ]; then
   echo "Invalid path: $1" >&2
   exit 1
elif [ ! -w "$1" ]; then
   echo "Directory not writable: $1" >&2
   exit 1
fi

case "$1" in
  "/run/"*) ;;
  "/mnt") ;;
  "/mnt/"*) ;;
  "/media") ;;
  "/media/"*) ;;
  *) echo "Destination not allowed." >&2 
     exit 1 
     ;;
esac

START=$(date +%s)
rsync -aAXv --delete /* $1 --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/media/*,/lost+found,/var/lib/pacman/sync/*}
FINISH=$(date +%s)
echo "total time: $(( ($FINISH-$START) / 60 )) minutes, $(( ($FINISH-$START) % 60 )) seconds" | tee $1/"Backup from $(date '+%A, %d %B %Y, %T')"