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.htaccess with many options + description
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| # Apache Server Configs v5.1.0 | MIT License | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache | |
| # (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have | |
| # access to the main server configuration file (which is usually | |
| # called `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # CROSS-ORIGIN # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin requests | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin requests. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS | |
| # https://enable-cors.org/ | |
| # https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ | |
| # (!) Do not use this without understanding the consequences. | |
| # This will permit access from any other website. | |
| # Instead of using this file, consider using a specific rule such as | |
| # allowing access based on (sub)domain: | |
| # | |
| # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "subdomain.example.com" | |
| # | |
| # (1) When `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` points to a specific rule rather | |
| # than `*`, then `Vary: Origin` should be sent along with the response. | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" | |
| # # (1) | |
| # # Header append Vary Origin | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin images | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image | |
| # https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html | |
| <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(avifs?|bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|jxl|a?png|svgz?|webp)$"> | |
| SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS | |
| Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin web fonts | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin access to web fonts. | |
| # | |
| # https://developers.google.com/fonts/docs/troubleshooting | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$"> | |
| Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin resource timing | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources. | |
| # | |
| # If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that would | |
| # allow its timing information to be shared with the document, some of the | |
| # attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will be set to zero. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Timing-Allow-Origin | |
| # https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/ | |
| # https://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # ERRORS # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Custom error messages/pages | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error. | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument | |
| #ErrorDocument 404 /404.html | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Error prevention | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Disable the pattern matching based on filenames. | |
| # | |
| # This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result | |
| # of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| Options -MultiViews | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # INTERNET EXPLORER # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Document modes | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode | |
| # available in the various cases when it may not. | |
| # | |
| # https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8 | |
| # | |
| # (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated. | |
| # If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were | |
| # designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to | |
| # consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company. | |
| # | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11.aspx | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-UA-Compatible` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-UA-Compatible | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Iframes cookies | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer. | |
| # | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx | |
| # http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Media types | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types). | |
| # | |
| # https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| # Data interchange | |
| AddType application/atom+xml atom | |
| AddType application/json json map topojson | |
| AddType application/ld+json jsonld | |
| AddType application/rss+xml rss | |
| AddType application/geo+json geojson | |
| AddType application/rdf+xml rdf | |
| AddType application/xml xml | |
| # JavaScript | |
| # Servers should use text/javascript for JavaScript resources. | |
| # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#scriptingLanguages | |
| AddType text/javascript js mjs | |
| # Manifest files | |
| AddType application/manifest+json webmanifest | |
| AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp | |
| AddType text/cache-manifest appcache | |
| # Media files | |
| AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a | |
| AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus | |
| AddType image/avif avif | |
| AddType image/avif-sequence avifs | |
| AddType image/bmp bmp | |
| AddType image/jxl jxl | |
| AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz | |
| AddType image/webp webp | |
| AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4 | |
| AddType video/ogg ogv | |
| AddType video/webm webm | |
| AddType video/x-flv flv | |
| # Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type | |
| # prevents Internet Explorer from displaying them as images: | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee | |
| AddType image/x-icon cur ico | |
| # Web fonts | |
| AddType font/woff woff | |
| AddType font/woff2 woff2 | |
| AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot | |
| AddType font/ttf ttf | |
| AddType font/collection ttc | |
| AddType font/otf otf | |
| # Other | |
| AddType application/octet-stream safariextz | |
| AddType application/x-bb-appworld bbaw | |
| AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx | |
| AddType application/x-opera-extension oex | |
| AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi | |
| AddType text/calendar ics | |
| AddType text/markdown markdown md | |
| AddType text/vcard vcard vcf | |
| AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc xloc | |
| AddType text/vtt vtt | |
| AddType text/x-component htc | |
| # Adobe Illustrator | |
| AddType application/octet-stream ai | |
| # Encapsulated PostScript | |
| AddType application/octet-stream eps | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Character encodings | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain` | |
| # with the media type `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset | |
| AddDefaultCharset utf-8 | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Serve the following file types with the media type `charset` | |
| # parameter set to `UTF-8`. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| AddCharset utf-8 .appcache \ | |
| .atom \ | |
| .bbaw \ | |
| .css \ | |
| .geojson \ | |
| .ics \ | |
| .js \ | |
| .json \ | |
| .jsonld \ | |
| .manifest \ | |
| .markdown \ | |
| .md \ | |
| .mjs \ | |
| .rdf \ | |
| .rss \ | |
| .topojson \ | |
| .vtt \ | |
| .webapp \ | |
| .webmanifest \ | |
| .xloc \ | |
| .xml | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Index-File | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Set the default handler. | |
| DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm index.shtml | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # REWRITES # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Rewrite engine | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for | |
| # the `RewriteRule` directives to work). | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine | |
| # | |
| # (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options | |
| # | |
| # (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, | |
| # you need to comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment | |
| # the `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware | |
| # of the performance impact. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks | |
| # | |
| # (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`. | |
| # | |
| # https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase | |
| # | |
| # (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to | |
| # use the `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for | |
| # the rewrite engine. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions | |
| # | |
| # (6) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the | |
| # appropriate schema automatically (http or https). | |
| <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # (1) | |
| RewriteEngine On | |
| # (2) | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| Options +FollowSymlinks | |
| # (3) | |
| # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch | |
| # (4) | |
| # RewriteBase / | |
| # (5) | |
| # RewriteOptions <options> | |
| # (6) | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:https] | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:http] | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Forcing `https://` | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL. | |
| # https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # The same content should never be available under two different | |
| # URLs, especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning. | |
| # This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, | |
| # you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other | |
| # one. | |
| # | |
| # By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated. | |
| # http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b | |
| # | |
| # If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the | |
| # lines from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`. | |
| # | |
| # (!) NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! | |
| # The two rules assume by default that both HTTP and HTTPS | |
| # environnements are available for redirection. | |
| # If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains | |
| # used during redirection, you should turn the condition on. | |
| # | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52 | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com | |
| #<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] | |
| # RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com | |
| # | |
| # Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real" | |
| # subdomains for certain parts of your website. | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC] | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1 | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1 | |
| # RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # IMPORTANT FOR [PHP] # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| #<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteRule .* - [env=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}] | |
| # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f | |
| # RewriteRule ^ index.php [QSA,L] | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # SECURITY # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | PHP | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict server-config | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the | |
| # language / framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting | |
| # `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`) | |
| ## https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php | |
| php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off | |
| php_flag register_globals off | |
| php_flag expose_php off | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Clickjacking | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Protect website against clickjacking. | |
| # | |
| # The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with | |
| # the value `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of | |
| # the web page in any frame. | |
| # | |
| # This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read | |
| # about the other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header | |
| # field can have: `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`. | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1. | |
| # | |
| # Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header | |
| # for all of your website’s pages, this has the potential downside that | |
| # it forbids even non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when | |
| # users visit your website using a Google Image Search results page). | |
| # | |
| # Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` | |
| # header for all pages that allow a user to make a state changing | |
| # operation (e.g: pages that contain one-click purchase links, checkout | |
| # or bank-transfer confirmation pages, pages that make permanent | |
| # configuration changes, etc.). | |
| # | |
| # Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website | |
| # against more than just clickjacking attacks: | |
| # https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf. | |
| # | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034 | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx | |
| # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY" | |
| Header set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-Frame-Options` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-Frame-Options | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Referrer-Policy | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # "Great for analytics, bad for your users’ privacy. At some point the web got woke and decided that maybe | |
| # it wasn’t a good idea to send it all the time." - https://blog.appcanary.com/2017/http-security-headers.html | |
| # | |
| # https://scotthelme.co.uk/a-new-security-header-referrer-policy/ | |
| # https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/Web_Security | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Referrer-Policy "origin-when-cross-origin" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Content Security Policy (CSP) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection | |
| # attacks. | |
| # | |
| # This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which | |
| # whitelists trusted sources of content for your website. | |
| # | |
| # The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from | |
| # the current website's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). | |
| # That almost certainly won't work as-is for your website! | |
| # | |
| # To make things easier, you can use an online CSP header generator | |
| # such as: http://cspisawesome.com/. | |
| # | |
| # http://content-security-policy.com/ | |
| # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/ | |
| # https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # | |
| # Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'" | |
| # | |
| # # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # # the `Content-Security-Policy` response header should be send | |
| # # only for HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| # | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| # Header unset Content-Security-Policy | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # Upgrading legacy sites to HTTPS | |
| # | |
| # Transitioning large collections of unmodifiable legacy web content to encrypted, authenticated HTTPS connections | |
| # can be challenging as the content frequently includes links to insecure resources, triggering mixed content warnings. | |
| # This release includes a new CSP directive, upgrade-insecure-resources, to upgrade insecure resource HTTPS more easily, | |
| # requests to HTTPS before fetching them. This change allows developers to serve their hard-to-update legacy content via | |
| # improving security for their users. | |
| # | |
| # https://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/upgrade/ | |
| # https://googlechrome.github.io/samples/csp-upgrade-insecure-requests/index.html | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Content-Security-Policy "upgrade-insecure-requests" env=HTTPS | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | File access | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Block access to directories without a default document. | |
| # | |
| # You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow | |
| # anyone to surf through every directory on your server (which may | |
| # includes rather private places such as the CMS's directories). | |
| <IfModule mod_autoindex.c> | |
| # Prevent directory listing !!! | |
| # | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| # | |
| Options -Indexes | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of | |
| # the visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory. | |
| # | |
| # These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved | |
| # state of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for | |
| # example, the `.git` or `.svn` directories. | |
| # | |
| # The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path | |
| # prefix for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`, | |
| # `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible | |
| # content should not be blocked. | |
| # | |
| # https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785 | |
| <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| RewriteEngine On | |
| RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC] | |
| RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] | |
| RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f | |
| RewriteRule "(?:^|/)\." - [F] | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Block access to files that can expose sensitive information. | |
| # | |
| # By default, block access to backup and source files that may be | |
| # left by some text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone | |
| # has access to them. | |
| # | |
| # http://feross.org/cmsploit/ | |
| # | |
| # (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to | |
| # include any files that might end up on your production server and | |
| # can expose sensitive information about your website. These files may | |
| # include: configuration files, files that contain metadata about the | |
| # project (e.g.: project dependencies), build scripts, etc.. | |
| <FilesMatch "(?i:^\.|^#.*#|^(?:ChangeLog|ToDo|Readme|License)(?:\.md|\.txt)?|^package\.json|^composer\.(?:json|lock)|\.(?:bak|co?nf|config|cfg|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|orig|sh|sql|yml|db|twig|stxt(:?\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*)|env|svn|git|rb|sw[op]|ya?ml|ts|sql(?:\..*)?|git.*)|.*(?:~|rc))$"> | |
| # Apache < 2.3 | |
| <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Order allow,deny | |
| Deny from all | |
| Satisfy All | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Apache ≥ 2.3 | |
| <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Require all denied | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| # Deny access to vcs directories | |
| <IfModule mod_alias.c> | |
| RedirectMatch 404 /\.(?:git|svn|hg)/ | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Deny access to core dumps | |
| <FilesMatch "core\.\d+"> | |
| # Apache < 2.3 | |
| <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Order allow,deny | |
| Deny from all | |
| Satisfy All | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Apache ≥ 2.3 | |
| <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Require all denied | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Force client-side SSL redirection. | |
| # | |
| # If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server | |
| # redirects them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves | |
| # a window of opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker | |
| # to downgrade or redirect the request. | |
| # | |
| # The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your | |
| # server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's | |
| # address bar. | |
| # | |
| # (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the website's | |
| # subdomains are not using HTTPS. | |
| # | |
| # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/ | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1 | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/08/18/hsts-strict-transport-security-attacks-mitigations-deployment-https.aspx | |
| #<IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # Cache SSL redirection | |
| # | |
| # Using this header, any browser that accesses the site over HTTPS will not | |
| # be able to access the plain HTTP site for one day (86400 seconds). | |
| # One you begin using this, you should not stop using SSL on your site or | |
| # else your returning visitors will not be able to access your site at all. | |
| # | |
| # (!) Remove the `env=HTTPS` optional directive if you want to force | |
| # HTTP to HTTPS. | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=86400; includeSubDomains" env=HTTPS | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Reducing MIME type security risks | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response. | |
| # | |
| # This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin | |
| # data leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server | |
| # is serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be | |
| # treated as executable by the browser. | |
| # | |
| # http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx | |
| # https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/ | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built | |
| # into most web browsers. | |
| # | |
| # The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it | |
| # may be disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for | |
| # example, it can be re-enabled just by sending the | |
| # `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value of `1`. | |
| # | |
| # (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential | |
| # reflected (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the | |
| # filter. | |
| # | |
| # By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a | |
| # reflected XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack | |
| # by making the smallest possible modifications to the returned | |
| # web page. | |
| # | |
| # Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), | |
| # this default behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, | |
| # thereby, it's better to inform browsers to prevent the rendering | |
| # of the page altogether, instead of attempting to modify it. | |
| # | |
| # https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities | |
| # | |
| # (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that | |
| # you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the | |
| # most obvious being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs. | |
| # | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx | |
| # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29 | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # (1) (2) | |
| Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-XSS-Protection` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-XSS-Protection | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server-side technology information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that: | |
| # | |
| # * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages | |
| # (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP), and its value contains information | |
| # about them (e.g.: their name, version number) | |
| # | |
| # * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header | |
| # bloat, and in some cases, the information it provides can | |
| # expose vulnerabilities | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header unset X-Powered-By | |
| Header always unset X-Powered-By | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server software information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing | |
| # information about the server to the server-generated documents | |
| # (e.g.: error messages, directory listings, etc.) | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature | |
| ServerSignature Off | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Prevent Apache from sending in the `Server` response header its | |
| # exact version number, the description of the generic OS-type or | |
| # information about its compiled-in modules. | |
| # | |
| # (!) The `ServerTokens` directive will only work in the main server | |
| # configuration file, so don't try to enable it in the `.htaccess` file! | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#servertokens | |
| # ServerTokens Prod | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Rewrite secure requests properly in order to prevent SSL certificate warnings. | |
| # E.g.: prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows | |
| # `https://secure.example.com`. | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 | |
| # RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server software information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Avoid displaying the exact Apache version number, the description of the | |
| # generic OS-type and the information about Apache's compiled-in modules. | |
| # IMPORTANT: The `ServerTokens` directive will not work in the `.htaccess` file, | |
| # so you will need to add the following in the main server configuration file. | |
| # ServerTokens Prod | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # WEB PERFORMANCE # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Compression | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| <IfModule mod_deflate.c> | |
| SetOutputFilter DEFLATE | |
| # Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers | |
| # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html | |
| <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding | |
| RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types. | |
| # | |
| # (!) For Apache versions below version 2.3.7 you don't need to | |
| # enable `mod_filter` and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` | |
| # and `</IfModule>` lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in | |
| # the core directives. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype | |
| <IfModule mod_filter.c> | |
| AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \ | |
| "application/javascript" \ | |
| "application/json" \ | |
| "application/ld+json" \ | |
| "application/manifest+json" \ | |
| "application/rdf+xml" \ | |
| "application/rss+xml" \ | |
| "application/schema+json" \ | |
| "application/geo+json" \ | |
| "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \ | |
| "application/wasm" \ | |
| "application/x-font-ttf" \ | |
| "application/x-javascript" \ | |
| "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \ | |
| "application/xhtml+xml" \ | |
| "application/xml" \ | |
| "font/eot" \ | |
| "font/opentype" \ | |
| "font/otf" \ | |
| "font/ttf" \ | |
| "image/bmp" \ | |
| "image/svg+xml" \ | |
| "image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \ | |
| "image/x-icon" \ | |
| "text/cache-manifest" \ | |
| "text/calendar" \ | |
| "text/css" \ | |
| "text/html" \ | |
| "text/javascript" \ | |
| "text/plain" \ | |
| "text/markdown" \ | |
| "text/vcard" \ | |
| "text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \ | |
| "text/vtt" \ | |
| "text/x-component" \ | |
| "text/x-cross-domain-policy" \ | |
| "text/xml" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Map the following filename extensions to the specified | |
| # encoding type in order to make Apache serve the file types | |
| # with the appropriate `Content-Encoding` response header | |
| # (do note that this will NOT make Apache compress them!). | |
| # | |
| # If these files types would be served without an appropriate | |
| # `Content-Enable` response header, client applications (e.g.: | |
| # browsers) wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress | |
| # the response, and thus, wouldn't be able to understand the | |
| # content. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| AddEncoding gzip svgz | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Content transformation | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent intermediate caches or proxies (e.g.: such as the ones | |
| # used by mobile network providers) from modifying the website's | |
| # content. | |
| # | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.5 | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you are using `mod_pagespeed`, please note that setting | |
| # the `Cache-Control: no-transform` response header will prevent | |
| # `PageSpeed` from rewriting `HTML` files, and, if the | |
| # `ModPagespeedDisableRewriteOnNoTransform` directive isn't set | |
| # to `off`, also from rewriting other resources. | |
| # | |
| # https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/module/configuration#notransform | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| ## Deny caching via proxies. | |
| # | |
| #<IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Cache-Control "private, max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate" | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | ETags | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers. | |
| # | |
| # Apache `ETags` might have an unexpected behavior if `DeflateAlterETag` | |
| # can't be changed (which is the case at `.htaccess` level). | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag | |
| # https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3 | |
| # `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases. | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header unset ETag | |
| </IfModule> | |
| FileETag None | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Expires headers | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve resources with far-future expires headers. | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you don't control versioning with filename-based | |
| # cache busting, you should consider lowering the cache times | |
| # to something like one week. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_expires.html | |
| <IfModule mod_expires.c> | |
| ExpiresActive on | |
| ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 year" | |
| # CSS | |
| ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Data interchange | |
| ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/rdf+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/schema+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/geo+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/calendar "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images | |
| ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "access plus 1 week" | |
| ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" | |
| # HTML | |
| ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # JavaScript | |
| ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Manifest files | |
| ExpiresByType application/manifest+json "access plus 1 week" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Markdown | |
| ExpiresByType text/markdown "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Media files | |
| ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/apng "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/avif "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/avif-sequence "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/bmp "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/jxl "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/webp "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 year" | |
| # WebAssembly | |
| ExpiresByType application/wasm "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web fonts | |
| # Collection | |
| ExpiresByType font/collection "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Embedded OpenType (EOT) | |
| ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/eot "access plus 1 year" | |
| # OpenType | |
| ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/otf "access plus 1 year" | |
| # TrueType | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/ttf "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 1.0 | |
| ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 2.0 | |
| ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/woff2 "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Other | |
| ExpiresByType text/x-cross-domain-policy "access plus 1 week" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | File concatenation | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow concatenation from within specific files. | |
| # | |
| # e.g.: | |
| # | |
| # If you have the following lines in a file called, for | |
| # example, `main.combined.js`: | |
| # | |
| # <!--#include file="js/jquery.js" --> | |
| # <!--#include file="js/jquery.timer.js" --> | |
| # | |
| # Apache will replace those lines with the content of the | |
| # specified files. | |
| # <IfModule mod_include.c> | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$"> | |
| # Options +Includes | |
| # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript \ | |
| # application/x-javascript \ | |
| # text/javascript | |
| # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$"> | |
| # Options +Includes | |
| # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css | |
| # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Filename-based cache busting | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version | |
| # revving, you might want to consider enabling the following directives | |
| # to route all requests such as `/style.12345.css` to `/style.css`. | |
| # | |
| # To understand why this is important and even a better solution than | |
| # using something like `*.css?v231`, please see: | |
| # http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f | |
| # RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(bmp|css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|m?js|png|svgz?|webp|webmanifest)$ $1.$3 [L] | |
| # </IfModule> |
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| # Apache Server Configs v5.1.0 | MIT License | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache | |
| # (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have | |
| # access to the main server configuration file (which is usually | |
| # called `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # CROSS-ORIGIN # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin requests | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin requests. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS | |
| # https://enable-cors.org/ | |
| # https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ | |
| # (!) Do not use this without understanding the consequences. | |
| # This will permit access from any other website. | |
| # Instead of using this file, consider using a specific rule such as | |
| # allowing access based on (sub)domain: | |
| # | |
| # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "subdomain.example.com" | |
| # | |
| # (1) When `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` points to a specific rule rather | |
| # than `*`, then `Vary: Origin` should be sent along with the response. | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" | |
| # # (1) | |
| # # Header append Vary Origin | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin images | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image | |
| # https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html | |
| <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(avifs?|bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|jxl|a?png|svgz?|webp)$"> | |
| SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS | |
| Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin web fonts | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin access to web fonts. | |
| # | |
| # https://developers.google.com/fonts/docs/troubleshooting | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$"> | |
| Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Cross-origin resource timing | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources. | |
| # | |
| # If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that would | |
| # allow its timing information to be shared with the document, some of the | |
| # attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will be set to zero. | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Timing-Allow-Origin | |
| # https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/ | |
| # https://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # ERRORS # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Custom error messages/pages | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error. | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument | |
| #ErrorDocument 404 /404.html | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Error prevention | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Disable the pattern matching based on filenames. | |
| # | |
| # This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result | |
| # of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| Options -MultiViews | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # INTERNET EXPLORER # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Document modes | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode | |
| # available in the various cases when it may not. | |
| # | |
| # https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8 | |
| # | |
| # (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated. | |
| # If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were | |
| # designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to | |
| # consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company. | |
| # | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11.aspx | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-UA-Compatible` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-UA-Compatible | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Iframes cookies | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer. | |
| # | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx | |
| # http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Media types | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types). | |
| # | |
| # https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| # Data interchange | |
| AddType application/atom+xml atom | |
| AddType application/json json map topojson | |
| AddType application/ld+json jsonld | |
| AddType application/rss+xml rss | |
| AddType application/geo+json geojson | |
| AddType application/rdf+xml rdf | |
| AddType application/xml xml | |
| # JavaScript | |
| # Servers should use text/javascript for JavaScript resources. | |
| # https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#scriptingLanguages | |
| AddType text/javascript js mjs | |
| # Manifest files | |
| AddType application/manifest+json webmanifest | |
| AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp | |
| AddType text/cache-manifest appcache | |
| # Media files | |
| AddType audio/mp4 f4a f4b m4a | |
| AddType audio/ogg oga ogg opus | |
| AddType image/avif avif | |
| AddType image/avif-sequence avifs | |
| AddType image/bmp bmp | |
| AddType image/jxl jxl | |
| AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz | |
| AddType image/webp webp | |
| AddType video/mp4 f4v f4p m4v mp4 | |
| AddType video/ogg ogv | |
| AddType video/webm webm | |
| AddType video/x-flv flv | |
| # Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type | |
| # prevents Internet Explorer from displaying them as images: | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee | |
| AddType image/x-icon cur ico | |
| # Web fonts | |
| AddType font/woff woff | |
| AddType font/woff2 woff2 | |
| AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot | |
| AddType font/ttf ttf | |
| AddType font/collection ttc | |
| AddType font/otf otf | |
| # Other | |
| AddType application/octet-stream safariextz | |
| AddType application/x-bb-appworld bbaw | |
| AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx | |
| AddType application/x-opera-extension oex | |
| AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi | |
| AddType text/calendar ics | |
| AddType text/markdown markdown md | |
| AddType text/vcard vcard vcf | |
| AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc xloc | |
| AddType text/vtt vtt | |
| AddType text/x-component htc | |
| # Adobe Illustrator | |
| AddType application/octet-stream ai | |
| # Encapsulated PostScript | |
| AddType application/octet-stream eps | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Character encodings | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain` | |
| # with the media type `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset | |
| AddDefaultCharset utf-8 | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Serve the following file types with the media type `charset` | |
| # parameter set to `UTF-8`. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| AddCharset utf-8 .appcache \ | |
| .atom \ | |
| .bbaw \ | |
| .css \ | |
| .geojson \ | |
| .ics \ | |
| .js \ | |
| .json \ | |
| .jsonld \ | |
| .manifest \ | |
| .markdown \ | |
| .md \ | |
| .mjs \ | |
| .rdf \ | |
| .rss \ | |
| .topojson \ | |
| .vtt \ | |
| .webapp \ | |
| .webmanifest \ | |
| .xloc \ | |
| .xml | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Index-File | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Set the default handler. | |
| DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm index.shtml | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # REWRITES # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Rewrite engine | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for | |
| # the `RewriteRule` directives to work). | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine | |
| # | |
| # (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options | |
| # | |
| # (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, | |
| # you need to comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment | |
| # the `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware | |
| # of the performance impact. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks | |
| # | |
| # (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`. | |
| # | |
| # https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase | |
| # | |
| # (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to | |
| # use the `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for | |
| # the rewrite engine. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions | |
| # | |
| # (6) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the | |
| # appropriate schema automatically (http or https). | |
| <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # (1) | |
| RewriteEngine On | |
| # (2) | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| Options +FollowSymlinks | |
| # (3) | |
| # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch | |
| # (4) | |
| # RewriteBase / | |
| # (5) | |
| # RewriteOptions <options> | |
| # (6) | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:https] | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:http] | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Forcing `https://` | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL. | |
| # https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on | |
| # RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # The same content should never be available under two different | |
| # URLs, especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning. | |
| # This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore, | |
| # you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other | |
| # one. | |
| # | |
| # By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated. | |
| # http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b | |
| # | |
| # If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the | |
| # lines from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`. | |
| # | |
| # (!) NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! | |
| # The two rules assume by default that both HTTP and HTTPS | |
| # environnements are available for redirection. | |
| # If your SSL certificate could not handle one of the domains | |
| # used during redirection, you should turn the condition on. | |
| # | |
| # https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache/issues/52 | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com | |
| #<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] | |
| # RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com | |
| # | |
| # Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real" | |
| # subdomains for certain parts of your website. | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC] | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1 | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1 | |
| # RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # IMPORTANT FOR [PHP] # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| #<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteRule .* - [env=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}] | |
| # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f | |
| # RewriteRule ^ index.php [QSA,L] | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # SECURITY # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | PHP | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict server-config | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the | |
| # language / framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting | |
| # `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`) | |
| ## https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php | |
| php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off | |
| php_flag register_globals off | |
| php_flag expose_php off | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Clickjacking | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Protect website against clickjacking. | |
| # | |
| # The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with | |
| # the value `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of | |
| # the web page in any frame. | |
| # | |
| # This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read | |
| # about the other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header | |
| # field can have: `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`. | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1. | |
| # | |
| # Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header | |
| # for all of your website’s pages, this has the potential downside that | |
| # it forbids even non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when | |
| # users visit your website using a Google Image Search results page). | |
| # | |
| # Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` | |
| # header for all pages that allow a user to make a state changing | |
| # operation (e.g: pages that contain one-click purchase links, checkout | |
| # or bank-transfer confirmation pages, pages that make permanent | |
| # configuration changes, etc.). | |
| # | |
| # Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website | |
| # against more than just clickjacking attacks: | |
| # https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf. | |
| # | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034 | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx | |
| # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY" | |
| Header set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-Frame-Options` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-Frame-Options | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Referrer-Policy | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # "Great for analytics, bad for your users’ privacy. At some point the web got woke and decided that maybe | |
| # it wasn’t a good idea to send it all the time." - https://blog.appcanary.com/2017/http-security-headers.html | |
| # | |
| # https://scotthelme.co.uk/a-new-security-header-referrer-policy/ | |
| # https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/Web_Security | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Referrer-Policy "origin-when-cross-origin" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Content Security Policy (CSP) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection | |
| # attacks. | |
| # | |
| # This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which | |
| # whitelists trusted sources of content for your website. | |
| # | |
| # The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from | |
| # the current website's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). | |
| # That almost certainly won't work as-is for your website! | |
| # | |
| # To make things easier, you can use an online CSP header generator | |
| # such as: http://cspisawesome.com/. | |
| # | |
| # http://content-security-policy.com/ | |
| # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/ | |
| # https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # | |
| # Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'" | |
| # | |
| # # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # # the `Content-Security-Policy` response header should be send | |
| # # only for HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| # | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| # Header unset Content-Security-Policy | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # Upgrading legacy sites to HTTPS | |
| # | |
| # Transitioning large collections of unmodifiable legacy web content to encrypted, authenticated HTTPS connections | |
| # can be challenging as the content frequently includes links to insecure resources, triggering mixed content warnings. | |
| # This release includes a new CSP directive, upgrade-insecure-resources, to upgrade insecure resource HTTPS more easily, | |
| # requests to HTTPS before fetching them. This change allows developers to serve their hard-to-update legacy content via | |
| # improving security for their users. | |
| # | |
| # https://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/upgrade/ | |
| # https://googlechrome.github.io/samples/csp-upgrade-insecure-requests/index.html | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Content-Security-Policy "upgrade-insecure-requests" env=HTTPS | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | File access | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Block access to directories without a default document. | |
| # | |
| # You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow | |
| # anyone to surf through every directory on your server (which may | |
| # includes rather private places such as the CMS's directories). | |
| <IfModule mod_autoindex.c> | |
| # Prevent directory listing !!! | |
| # | |
| # WARNING: maybe this isn't allowed, because of a strict apache-config | |
| # | |
| Options -Indexes | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of | |
| # the visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory. | |
| # | |
| # These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved | |
| # state of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for | |
| # example, the `.git` or `.svn` directories. | |
| # | |
| # The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path | |
| # prefix for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`, | |
| # `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible | |
| # content should not be blocked. | |
| # | |
| # https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785 | |
| <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| RewriteEngine On | |
| RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC] | |
| RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] | |
| RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f | |
| RewriteRule "(?:^|/)\." - [F] | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Block access to files that can expose sensitive information. | |
| # | |
| # By default, block access to backup and source files that may be | |
| # left by some text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone | |
| # has access to them. | |
| # | |
| # http://feross.org/cmsploit/ | |
| # | |
| # (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to | |
| # include any files that might end up on your production server and | |
| # can expose sensitive information about your website. These files may | |
| # include: configuration files, files that contain metadata about the | |
| # project (e.g.: project dependencies), build scripts, etc.. | |
| <FilesMatch "(?i:^\.|^#.*#|^(?:ChangeLog|ToDo|Readme|License)(?:\.md|\.txt)?|^package\.json|^composer\.(?:json|lock)|\.(?:bak|co?nf|config|cfg|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|orig|sh|sql|yml|db|twig|stxt(:?\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*)|env|svn|git|rb|sw[op]|ya?ml|ts|sql(?:\..*)?|git.*)|.*(?:~|rc))$"> | |
| # Apache < 2.3 | |
| <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Order allow,deny | |
| Deny from all | |
| Satisfy All | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Apache ≥ 2.3 | |
| <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Require all denied | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| # Deny access to vcs directories | |
| <IfModule mod_alias.c> | |
| RedirectMatch 404 /\.(?:git|svn|hg)/ | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Deny access to core dumps | |
| <FilesMatch "core\.\d+"> | |
| # Apache < 2.3 | |
| <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Order allow,deny | |
| Deny from all | |
| Satisfy All | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # Apache ≥ 2.3 | |
| <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> | |
| Require all denied | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Force client-side SSL redirection. | |
| # | |
| # If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server | |
| # redirects them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves | |
| # a window of opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker | |
| # to downgrade or redirect the request. | |
| # | |
| # The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your | |
| # server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's | |
| # address bar. | |
| # | |
| # (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the website's | |
| # subdomains are not using HTTPS. | |
| # | |
| # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/ | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1 | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/08/18/hsts-strict-transport-security-attacks-mitigations-deployment-https.aspx | |
| #<IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # Cache SSL redirection | |
| # | |
| # Using this header, any browser that accesses the site over HTTPS will not | |
| # be able to access the plain HTTP site for one day (86400 seconds). | |
| # One you begin using this, you should not stop using SSL on your site or | |
| # else your returning visitors will not be able to access your site at all. | |
| # | |
| # (!) Remove the `env=HTTPS` optional directive if you want to force | |
| # HTTP to HTTPS. | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=86400; includeSubDomains" env=HTTPS | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Reducing MIME type security risks | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response. | |
| # | |
| # This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin | |
| # data leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server | |
| # is serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be | |
| # treated as executable by the browser. | |
| # | |
| # http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx | |
| # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx | |
| # https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/ | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built | |
| # into most web browsers. | |
| # | |
| # The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it | |
| # may be disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for | |
| # example, it can be re-enabled just by sending the | |
| # `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value of `1`. | |
| # | |
| # (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential | |
| # reflected (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the | |
| # filter. | |
| # | |
| # By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a | |
| # reflected XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack | |
| # by making the smallest possible modifications to the returned | |
| # web page. | |
| # | |
| # Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), | |
| # this default behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, | |
| # thereby, it's better to inform browsers to prevent the rendering | |
| # of the page altogether, instead of attempting to modify it. | |
| # | |
| # https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities | |
| # | |
| # (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that | |
| # you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the | |
| # most obvious being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs. | |
| # | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx | |
| # http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx | |
| # https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29 | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # (1) (2) | |
| Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" | |
| # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, | |
| # the `X-XSS-Protection` response header should be send only for | |
| # HTML documents and not for the other resources. | |
| <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|ics|jpe?g|m?js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|markdown|md|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$"> | |
| Header unset X-XSS-Protection | |
| </FilesMatch> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server-side technology information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that: | |
| # | |
| # * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages | |
| # (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP), and its value contains information | |
| # about them (e.g.: their name, version number) | |
| # | |
| # * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header | |
| # bloat, and in some cases, the information it provides can | |
| # expose vulnerabilities | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header unset X-Powered-By | |
| Header always unset X-Powered-By | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server software information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing | |
| # information about the server to the server-generated documents | |
| # (e.g.: error messages, directory listings, etc.) | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature | |
| ServerSignature Off | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Prevent Apache from sending in the `Server` response header its | |
| # exact version number, the description of the generic OS-type or | |
| # information about its compiled-in modules. | |
| # | |
| # (!) The `ServerTokens` directive will only work in the main server | |
| # configuration file, so don't try to enable it in the `.htaccess` file! | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#servertokens | |
| # ServerTokens Prod | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Rewrite secure requests properly in order to prevent SSL certificate warnings. | |
| # E.g.: prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows | |
| # `https://secure.example.com`. | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 | |
| # RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Server software information | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Avoid displaying the exact Apache version number, the description of the | |
| # generic OS-type and the information about Apache's compiled-in modules. | |
| # IMPORTANT: The `ServerTokens` directive will not work in the `.htaccess` file, | |
| # so you will need to add the following in the main server configuration file. | |
| # ServerTokens Prod | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # # WEB PERFORMANCE # | |
| # ###################################################################### | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Compression | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| <IfModule mod_deflate.c> | |
| SetOutputFilter DEFLATE | |
| # Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers | |
| # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html | |
| <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding | |
| RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types. | |
| # | |
| # (!) For Apache versions below version 2.3.7 you don't need to | |
| # enable `mod_filter` and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` | |
| # and `</IfModule>` lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in | |
| # the core directives. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype | |
| <IfModule mod_filter.c> | |
| AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \ | |
| "application/javascript" \ | |
| "application/json" \ | |
| "application/ld+json" \ | |
| "application/manifest+json" \ | |
| "application/rdf+xml" \ | |
| "application/rss+xml" \ | |
| "application/schema+json" \ | |
| "application/geo+json" \ | |
| "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \ | |
| "application/wasm" \ | |
| "application/x-font-ttf" \ | |
| "application/x-javascript" \ | |
| "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \ | |
| "application/xhtml+xml" \ | |
| "application/xml" \ | |
| "font/eot" \ | |
| "font/opentype" \ | |
| "font/otf" \ | |
| "font/ttf" \ | |
| "image/bmp" \ | |
| "image/svg+xml" \ | |
| "image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \ | |
| "image/x-icon" \ | |
| "text/cache-manifest" \ | |
| "text/calendar" \ | |
| "text/css" \ | |
| "text/html" \ | |
| "text/javascript" \ | |
| "text/plain" \ | |
| "text/markdown" \ | |
| "text/vcard" \ | |
| "text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \ | |
| "text/vtt" \ | |
| "text/x-component" \ | |
| "text/x-cross-domain-policy" \ | |
| "text/xml" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| # Map the following filename extensions to the specified | |
| # encoding type in order to make Apache serve the file types | |
| # with the appropriate `Content-Encoding` response header | |
| # (do note that this will NOT make Apache compress them!). | |
| # | |
| # If these files types would be served without an appropriate | |
| # `Content-Enable` response header, client applications (e.g.: | |
| # browsers) wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress | |
| # the response, and thus, wouldn't be able to understand the | |
| # content. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding | |
| <IfModule mod_mime.c> | |
| AddEncoding gzip svgz | |
| </IfModule> | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Content transformation | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Prevent intermediate caches or proxies (e.g.: such as the ones | |
| # used by mobile network providers) from modifying the website's | |
| # content. | |
| # | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.5 | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you are using `mod_pagespeed`, please note that setting | |
| # the `Cache-Control: no-transform` response header will prevent | |
| # `PageSpeed` from rewriting `HTML` files, and, if the | |
| # `ModPagespeedDisableRewriteOnNoTransform` directive isn't set | |
| # to `off`, also from rewriting other resources. | |
| # | |
| # https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/module/configuration#notransform | |
| # <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform" | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| ## Deny caching via proxies. | |
| # | |
| #<IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| # Header set Cache-Control "private, max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate" | |
| #</IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | ETags | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers. | |
| # | |
| # Apache `ETags` might have an unexpected behavior if `DeflateAlterETag` | |
| # can't be changed (which is the case at `.htaccess` level). | |
| # | |
| # https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/ETag | |
| # https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags | |
| # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3 | |
| # `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases. | |
| <IfModule mod_headers.c> | |
| Header unset ETag | |
| </IfModule> | |
| FileETag None | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Expires headers | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Serve resources with far-future expires headers. | |
| # | |
| # (!) If you don't control versioning with filename-based | |
| # cache busting, you should consider lowering the cache times | |
| # to something like one week. | |
| # | |
| # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_expires.html | |
| <IfModule mod_expires.c> | |
| ExpiresActive on | |
| ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 year" | |
| # CSS | |
| ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Data interchange | |
| ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/rdf+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" | |
| ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/ld+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/schema+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/geo+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/calendar "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images | |
| ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "access plus 1 week" | |
| ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" | |
| # HTML | |
| ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # JavaScript | |
| ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Manifest files | |
| ExpiresByType application/manifest+json "access plus 1 week" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Markdown | |
| ExpiresByType text/markdown "access plus 0 seconds" | |
| # Media files | |
| ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/apng "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/avif "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/avif-sequence "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/bmp "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/jxl "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType image/webp "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 year" | |
| # WebAssembly | |
| ExpiresByType application/wasm "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web fonts | |
| # Collection | |
| ExpiresByType font/collection "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Embedded OpenType (EOT) | |
| ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/eot "access plus 1 year" | |
| # OpenType | |
| ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/otf "access plus 1 year" | |
| # TrueType | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/ttf "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 1.0 | |
| ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/woff "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 2.0 | |
| ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 year" | |
| ExpiresByType font/woff2 "access plus 1 year" | |
| # Other | |
| ExpiresByType text/x-cross-domain-policy "access plus 1 week" | |
| </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | File concatenation | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # Allow concatenation from within specific files. | |
| # | |
| # e.g.: | |
| # | |
| # If you have the following lines in a file called, for | |
| # example, `main.combined.js`: | |
| # | |
| # <!--#include file="js/jquery.js" --> | |
| # <!--#include file="js/jquery.timer.js" --> | |
| # | |
| # Apache will replace those lines with the content of the | |
| # specified files. | |
| # <IfModule mod_include.c> | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$"> | |
| # Options +Includes | |
| # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript \ | |
| # application/x-javascript \ | |
| # text/javascript | |
| # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$"> | |
| # Options +Includes | |
| # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css | |
| # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES | |
| # </FilesMatch> | |
| # </IfModule> | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # | Filename-based cache busting | | |
| # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| # If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version | |
| # revving, you might want to consider enabling the following directives | |
| # to route all requests such as `/style.12345.css` to `/style.css`. | |
| # | |
| # To understand why this is important and even a better solution than | |
| # using something like `*.css?v231`, please see: | |
| # http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ | |
| # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> | |
| # RewriteEngine On | |
| # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f | |
| # RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(bmp|css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|m?js|png|svgz?|webp|webmanifest)$ $1.$3 [L] | |
| # </IfModule> |
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