OpenGL 3.0+ Rendering Example - A complete and fairly minimal example of rendering with shaders

minimal.frag

// Fragment Shader – file "minimal.frag"

#version 130

precision highp float; // needed only for version 1.30

in  vec3 ex_Color;
out vec4 out_Color;

void main(void)
{
	out_Color = vec4(ex_Color,1.0);
	
	// Try replacing the above with the following:
	//vec3 tmp_Color;
	//tmp_Color = ex_Color.rrr;	
	//out_Color = vec4(tmp_Color,1.0);
}

minimal.vert

// Vertex Shader – file "minimal.vert"

#version 130

in  vec3 in_Position;
in  vec3 in_Color;
out vec3 ex_Color;

void main(void)
{
	ex_Color = in_Color;
	gl_Position = vec4(in_Position, 1.0);
}

Triangle_opengl_3_1.cpp

// Triangle_opengl_3_1
// A cross platform version of
// http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Tutorial:_OpenGL_3.1_The_First_Triangle_%28C%2B%2B/Win%29
// with some code from http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/glsl/index.php?oglexample1
// and from the book OpenGL Shading Language 3rd Edition, p215-216
// Daniel Livingstone, October 2010

#include <GL/glew.h>
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


// Globals
// Real programs don't use globals :-D
// Data would normally be read from files
GLfloat vertices[] = {	-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
						0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
						0.0f,0.0f,0.0f };
GLfloat colours[] = {	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
						0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
						0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
GLfloat vertices2[] = {	0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
						0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f,
						1.0f,0.0f,0.0f };

// two vertex array objects, one for each object drawn
unsigned int vertexArrayObjID[2];
// three vertex buffer objects in this example
unsigned int vertexBufferObjID[3];

// loadFile - loads text file into char* fname
// allocates memory - so need to delete after use
// size of file returned in fSize
char* loadFile(char *fname, GLint &fSize)
{
	ifstream::pos_type size;
	char * memblock;
	string text;

	// file read based on example in cplusplus.com tutorial
	ifstream file (fname, ios::in|ios::binary|ios::ate);
	if (file.is_open())
	{
		size = file.tellg();
		fSize = (GLuint) size;
		memblock = new char [size];
		file.seekg (0, ios::beg);
		file.read (memblock, size);
		file.close();
		cout << "file " << fname << " loaded" << endl;
		text.assign(memblock);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Unable to open file " << fname << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	return memblock;
}


// printShaderInfoLog
// From OpenGL Shading Language 3rd Edition, p215-216
// Display (hopefully) useful error messages if shader fails to compile
void printShaderInfoLog(GLint shader)
{
	int infoLogLen = 0;
	int charsWritten = 0;
	GLchar *infoLog;

	glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLen);

	// should additionally check for OpenGL errors here

	if (infoLogLen > 0)
	{
		infoLog = new GLchar[infoLogLen];
		// error check for fail to allocate memory omitted
		glGetShaderInfoLog(shader,infoLogLen, &charsWritten, infoLog);
		cout << "InfoLog:" << endl << infoLog << endl;
		delete [] infoLog;
	}

	// should additionally check for OpenGL errors here
}


void init(void)
{
	// Would load objects from file here - but using globals in this example	

	// Allocate Vertex Array Objects
	glGenVertexArrays(2, &vertexArrayObjID[0]);
	// Setup first Vertex Array Object
	glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayObjID[0]);
	glGenBuffers(2, vertexBufferObjID);
	
	// VBO for vertex data
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferObjID[0]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 9*sizeof(GLfloat), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); 
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	// VBO for colour data
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferObjID[1]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 9*sizeof(GLfloat), colours, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	// Setup second Vertex Array Object
	glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayObjID[1]);
	glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBufferObjID[2]);

	// VBO for vertex data
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBufferObjID[2]);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 9*sizeof(GLfloat), vertices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); 
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glBindVertexArray(0);
}



void initShaders(void)
{
	GLuint p, f, v;

	char *vs,*fs;

	v = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	f = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);	

	// load shaders & get length of each
	GLint vlen;
	GLint flen;
	vs = loadFile("minimal.vert",vlen);
	fs = loadFile("minimal.frag",flen);
	
	const char * vv = vs;
	const char * ff = fs;

	glShaderSource(v, 1, &vv,&vlen);
	glShaderSource(f, 1, &ff,&flen);
	
	GLint compiled;

	glCompileShader(v);
	glGetShaderiv(v, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
	if (!compiled)
	{
		cout << "Vertex shader not compiled." << endl;
		printShaderInfoLog(v);
	} 

	glCompileShader(f);
	glGetShaderiv(f, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
	if (!compiled)
	{
		cout << "Fragment shader not compiled." << endl;
		printShaderInfoLog(f);
	} 
	
	p = glCreateProgram();

	glBindAttribLocation(p,0, "in_Position");
	glBindAttribLocation(p,1, "in_Color");
		
	glAttachShader(p,v);
	glAttachShader(p,f);
	
	glLinkProgram(p);
	glUseProgram(p);

	delete [] vs; // dont forget to free allocated memory
	delete [] fs; // we allocated this in the loadFile function...
}

void display(void)
{
	// clear the screen
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

	glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayObjID[0]);	// First VAO
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);	// draw first object

	glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayObjID[1]);		// select second VAO
	glVertexAttrib3f((GLuint)1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); // set constant color attribute
	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);	// draw second object

	glBindVertexArray(0);

	glutSwapBuffers();
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
	glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
	glutInitWindowSize(600,600);
	glutCreateWindow("Triangle Test");
	glewInit();
	GLenum err = glewInit();
	if (GLEW_OK != err)
	{
		/* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */
		cout << "glewInit failed, aborting." << endl;
		exit (1);
	}
	cout << "Status: Using GLEW " << glewGetString(GLEW_VERSION) << endl;
	cout << "OpenGL version " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << " supported" << endl;

	init();
	initShaders();
	glutDisplayFunc(display);
	glutReshapeFunc(reshape);	

	glutMainLoop();
	return 0;

}

Thanks, this was really helpful -- I spent some time looking for a Linux GLEW hello world and this worked immediately.