Reproduction for Proxy behavior moving from non-locker component to locker component

apiProxyConsumer39.cmp

<aura:component controller="DummyController">
    
    <aura:handler name="init" value="{!this}" action="{!c.doInit}" />
	
    <div class="slds-card">
    	API version 39:
        <c:apiProxyTest aura:id="proxyTest" />
    </div>
</aura:component>

apiProxyConsumer39.cmp-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<AuraDefinitionBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>39.0</apiVersion>
    <description>Service consumer on API version 39</description>
</AuraDefinitionBundle>

apiProxyConsumer39Controller.js

({
	doInit : function(component, event, helper) {
        component.find('proxyTest').invoke({
            action: component.get('c.getFalse')
        });
	}
})

apiProxyConsumer41.cmp

<aura:component controller="DummyController">
    
    <aura:handler name="init" value="{!this}" action="{!c.doInit}" />
	
    <div class="slds-card">
    	API version 41:
        <c:apiProxyTest aura:id="proxyTest" />
    </div>
</aura:component>

apiProxyConsumer41.cmp-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<AuraDefinitionBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>41.0</apiVersion>
    <description>Service consumer on API version 41</description>
</AuraDefinitionBundle>

apiProxyConsumer41Controller.js

({
	doInit : function(component, event, helper) {
        component.find('proxyTest').invoke({
            action: component.get('c.getFalse')
        });
	}
})

apiProxyTest.cmp

<aura:component access="PUBLIC">
    
    <aura:attribute name="filtered" type="Boolean" default="false" access="PRIVATE" description="True if the config parameter has been filtered (proxied)." />
    
    <aura:method name="invoke" action="{!c.invoke}">
        <aura:attribute name="config" type="Object" />
    </aura:method>
    
    <span>
        {!v.filtered}
    </span>
	
</aura:component>

apiProxyTest.cmp-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<AuraDefinitionBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>41.0</apiVersion>
    <description>Service level component to retrieve </description>
</AuraDefinitionBundle>

apiProxyTestController.js

({
	invoke : function(component, event, helper) {
		var args = event.getParam('arguments');
        console.log(args);
        var action = args.config.action;
        component.set('v.filtered', typeof action.setParams !== 'function');
	}
})

apiProxyTestTab.cmp

<aura:component implements="force:appHostable">
    
    <!-- note that on API version 39, the action parameter will be filtered -->
    <c:apiProxyConsumer39 />
    <c:apiProxyConsumer41 />
	
</aura:component>

apiProxyTestTab.cmp-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<AuraDefinitionBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>41.0</apiVersion>
    <description>Tab container for reproduction.</description>
</AuraDefinitionBundle>

DummyController.cls

public class DummyController {

    @auraEnabled
    public static Boolean getFalse() {
        return false;
    }
}