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Save dziku86/51a69418f65cd243e1124ae85d3d99f0 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
rem execute as an Administrator | |
rem based on http://www.windowsdevcenter.com/pub/a/windows/2005/02/08/NTFS_Hacks.html | |
ram based on https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/cc938961(v=technet.10) | |
rem http://archive.oreilly.com/cs/user/view/cs_msg/95219 (some installers need 8dot3 filenames) | |
rem disable 8dot3 filenames | |
ram Warning: Some applications such as incremental backup utilities rely on this update information and do not function correctly without it. | |
fsutil behavior set disable8dot3 1 | |
rem increase ntfs mtz size | |
fsutil behavior set mftzone 2 | |
rem disable last access time on all files | |
fsutil behavior set disablelastaccess 1 | |
echo now you can reboot |
Evaluating Memory and Cache Usage
Article
09/11/2008
For virtual-memory support, Windows 2000 creates one paging file called Pagefile.sys on the disk or volume on which the operating system is installed. The default size is equal to 1.5 times the amount of physical memory. A small paging file limits what can be stored and might exhaust your virtual memory for applications. If you are short on RAM, more paging occurs, which generates extra activity for your disks and slows response times for the system.
Because the size and location of paging files can affect your systems performance, you might want to modify them. Also, because maintaining multiple files on multiple physical drives can improve performance, you might want to add a paging file. Figure 28.2 shows the Virtual Memory dialog box, which you use to change your paging file settings. See Windows 2000 Professional Help for specific instructions.
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Figure 28.2 Virtual Memory Dialog Box
The following guidelines describe how to optimize the paging file.
Set the Same Initial and Maximum Size
Setting the paging files initial size and maximum size to the same value increases efficiency because the operating system does not need to expand the file during processing. Setting different values for initial and maximum size can contribute to disk fragmentation.
Expand the Default Size
Expanding the default size of the paging file can increase performance if applications are consuming virtual memory and the full capacity of the existing file is being used. To determine how large your paging file needs to be based on your system workload, monitor the Process (_Total)\Page File Bytes counter. This indicates, in bytes, how much of the paging file is being used.
You can also determine the appropriate size of a paging file by multiplying the Paging File% Usage Peak counter value by the size of Pagefile.sys. The % Usage Peak counter indicates how much of the paging file is being used. Consider expanding the page file whenever either this counter reaches 70 percent of the total size in bytes of all paging files or the Memory% Committed Bytes In Use counter reaches 85 percent, whichever occurs first.
A large paging file uses disk storage space, so do not create a large paging file on a disk that is very active (for example, one that services heavy application or network activity) or one that has limited space. Change the file size gradually and test performance until you find the optimal balance between paging file and disk space usage. The operating system requires a minimum of 5 MB of free space on a disk. For more information, see Examining and Tuning Disk Usage in this book.
Move the Paging File
If disk space on your boot volume is limited, you can achieve better performance by moving the paging file to another volume. However, you might want to leave a smaller paging file on the boot volume and maintain a larger file on different volume with more capacity for the sake of recoverability. Depending on how you have configured your systems startup and recovery options, the configuration might require that you maintain a paging file of a certain size on the boot volume. Therefore, make sure to consider your startup and recovery settings when planning to move the paging file. For more information about startup and recovery options such as writing debugging information, see Windows 2000 Help.
Use Multiple Disks
Although Windows 2000 supports a limit of 4,095 MB for each paging file, you can supply large amounts of virtual memory to applications by maintaining multiple paging files. Spreading paging files across multiple disk drives and controllers improves performance on most modern disk systems because multiple disks can process input/output (I/O) requests concurrently in a round-robin fashion.
A mirrored or striped volume is a good candidate for the placement of a paging file. Placing the paging file on its own logical partition can prevent file fragmentation. Creating multiple paging files on a single logical volume or partition does not improve performance.
If you find that page writing and disk writing or page reading and disk reading are equivalent on a logical disk, splitting the paging file onto separate volumes is helpful.
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Note
To see how the paging file is used during memory shortages, start the LeakyApp tool on the Windows 2000 Resource Kit companion CD, which simulates memory leaks for monitoring purposes. While running LeakyApp, monitor Paging File% Usage Peak and Process(_Total)\Page File Bytes. Log these counters to get an idea of the rate of growth of the paging file.
Examining and Tuning Disk Performance
Article
09/11/2008
Windows 2000 has an internal structure called the master boot record (MBR) that limits the maximum number of hidden sectors to 63. (For more information about the master boot record, see Disk Concepts and Troubleshooting in this book.) This characteristic of the MBR causes the default starting sector for disks that report more than 63 sectors per track to be the 64th sector. As a result, when programs transfer data to or from disks that have more than 63 sectors per track, misalignment can occur at the track level, with allocations beginning at a sector other than the starting sector. This misalignment can defeat system optimizations of I/O operations designed to avoid crossing track boundaries.
Additional disk-design factors make proper alignment even more difficult to achieve. For example, track information reported by disks is not always accurate. In addition, many disks have different numbers of sectors on different tracks (as might be the case with the outer bands versus the inner bands). Diskpar.exe, a sample program on the Windows 2000 Resource Kit companion CD, shows how you can use Windows 2000 APIs to obtain and set partition information. By applying the same functions used in this tool, you can avoid performance loss due to disk misalignment on disks with large track sizes and alignment optimizations. For more information about using Diskpar.exe, see MicrosoftWindows 2000 Resource Kit Tools Help.