Install WinGet-CLI on Windows Server

Install-WinGetCli.ps1

function Get-FilesFromGithubLatestRelease {
    # original function from https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/issues/1861#issuecomment-1193136622
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string]$Project, # e.g. paintdotnet/release
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string[]]$Patterns, # regex
        [switch]$Prerelease
    )

    $releases = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/$Project/releases"
    $release  = $releases | Where-Object { $_.prerelease -eq $Prerelease } | Select-Object -First 1

    return $Patterns | ForEach-Object {
      $pattern = $_
      $release | ForEach-Object { $_.assets } | Where-Object { $_.name -match $pattern } | Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty "browser_download_url"
    }
}

function Install-PackageMsVcLibsDesktop {
  $PackageURL = "https://aka.ms/Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx"

  $WorkingDir = New-Item -Path $(Join-Path $env:TEMP $((New-Guid).Guid)) -ItemType Directory

  $PackagePath = Join-Path $WorkingDir $(Split-Path $PackageURL -Leaf)

  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $PackageURL -OutFile $PackagePath
  Add-AppxPackage -Path $PackagePath -Verbose

  Remove-Item -Path $PackagePath
  Remove-Item -Path $WorkingDir
}

function Install-PackageMsUiXaml {
  $ArchiveURL = "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/Microsoft.UI.Xaml/2.7.3"

  $WorkingDir = New-Item -Path $(Join-Path $env:TEMP $((New-Guid).Guid)) -ItemType Directory

  $ArchivePath = Join-Path $WorkingDir "Microsoft.UI.Xaml.$(Split-Path $ArchiveURL -Leaf).zip"
  $ExtractPath = Join-Path $WorkingDir "Microsoft.UI.Xaml.$(Split-Path $ArchiveURL -Leaf).extracted"
  $PackagePath = Join-Path $ExtractPath "tools/AppX/x64/Release/Microsoft.UI.Xaml.2.7.appx"

  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ArchiveURL -OutFile $ArchivePath
  Expand-Archive -Path $ArchivePath -Destination $ExtractPath
  Add-AppxPackage -Path $PackagePath -Verbose

  Remove-Item -Path $ExtractPath -Recurse
  Remove-Item -Path $ArchivePath
  Remove-Item -Path $WorkingDir
}

function Install-PackageMsDesktopAppInstaller {
  $FileURLs = Get-FilesFromGithubLatestRelease -Project microsoft/winget-cli -Patterns '_License1\.xml$','^Microsoft\.DesktopAppInstaller.+\.msixbundle$'
  if ($null -eq $FileURLs -or $FileURLs.Count -ne 2) {
    Write-Error "Unable to find expected files from GitHub release" -ErrorAction Stop
  }
  $LicenseURL = $FileURLs[0]
  $PackageURL = $FileURLs[1]

  $WorkingDir = New-Item -Path $(Join-Path $env:TEMP $((New-Guid).Guid)) -ItemType Directory

  $LicensePath = Join-Path $WorkingDir $(Split-Path $LicenseURL -Leaf)
  $PackagePath = Join-Path $WorkingDir $(Split-Path $PackageURL -Leaf)

  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $LicenseURL -OutFile $LicensePath
  Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $PackageURL -OutFile $PackagePath
  Add-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -PackagePath $PackagePath -LicensePath $LicensePath -Verbose
  Remove-Item -Path $LicensePath
  Remove-Item -Path $PackagePath
  Remove-Item -Path $WorkingDir
}

function Install-WinGetCli {
  Install-PackageMsVcLibsDesktop
  Install-PackageMsUiXaml
  Install-PackageMsDesktopAppInstaller

  if (-not (Get-Command winget -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
    Write-Host "winget doesn't appear to have been successfully installed, or it wasn't found yet; perhaps a session restart?"
    return 1
  }

  Write-Host "Now try something like this, with admin privileges:"
  Write-Host "winget install vscode --scope machine --accept-package-agreements --accept-source-agreements --silent"
  return 0
}

$ExitCode = Install-WinGetCli
exit $ExitCode