Move exceptions to compiler errors?

players.ml

(* I am a newbie and its quite probable that I am trying to achieve something
 * unnecessary or otherwise wrong.
 *
 * I have a program written in a dynamically typed language, where I have a lot
 * assert_X_consistency functions that will run after every state change, so any
 * inconsistency I thought of, will raise an exception. I heard that a good type
 * system allows you to encode the state in a way that doesn't allow the
 * inconsistencies at compile-time. 
 *
 * What I am trying to move to the compiler is: 'assert a is in team0'
 *
 * By selecting player1 for 'a' I have chosen team1 and this is known at
 * compile-time, if by accident I pass it to a function that expects team0 I
 * want a compiler-error.
 *
 * I know the code below is stupid, but my more elaborate ways to encode the
 * state, will confuse what I am trying to achieve. 
 *
 * For example I can use an option (Some / None), but in the end this is also a
 * runtime-error, not a compiler-error. Is it even possible/useful to get a
 * compiler-error?
 *
 * *)

(* Teams and players *)
type team0 = Player0 | Player2

type team1 = Player1 | Player3

type player = Team0 of team0 | Team1 of team1

(* Player shortcuts *)
let player0 = Team0 Player0

let player1 = Team1 Player1

let player2 = Team0 Player2

let player3 = Team1 Player3

(* This gives a warning *)
(* Warning 8: this pattern-matching is not exhaustive. *)
let get_team0 p = match p with Team0 t0 -> t0

(* Tests *)
let a = player1

(* But I want this to be a compiler error *)
(* Exception: Match_failure ("jazz.ml", 58, 18). *)
let (b : team0) = get_team0 a
(* Or rather something like let (b : team0) = a *)