ID - a unique ID/name generator for JavaScript

ID.js

// Generate unique IDs for use as pseudo-private/protected names.
// Similar in concept to
// <http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:names>.
//
// The goals of this function are twofold:
// 
// * Provide a way to generate a string guaranteed to be unique when compared
//   to other strings generated by this function.
// * Make the string complex enough that it is highly unlikely to be
//   accidentally duplicated by hand (this is key if you're using `ID`
//   as a private/protected name on an object).
//
// Use:
//
//     var privateName = ID();
//     var o = { 'public': 'foo' };
//     o[privateName] = 'bar';
var ID = function () {
  // Math.random should be unique because of its seeding algorithm.
  // Convert it to base 36 (numbers + letters), and grab the first 9 characters
  // after the decimal.
  return '_' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
};

Thank you, it was helpful :)

Thanks, working great. :)

Thank you.

This doesn't always match /_\w{9}/ and I'm not sure why. If someone could help me understand why that is I'd be grateful.

@nikias-r
Sometimes .toString() returns a string representation with length shorter than 9. ie:

var number = Math.random() // 0.9394456857981651
number.toString(36); // '0.xtis06h6'
var id = number.toString(36).substr(2, 9); // 'xtis06h6'
id.length >= 9; // false

This doesn't happen in all browsers (this example can be replicated in firefox, but not in chrome).

Thanks!

Thank you! 👍

Excelent! Thank you!

Thanks!

Thanks

Works great! Thank!

Simple and sweet, thanks!

This is okay for generating less than 10 thousand unique IDs, but any more than 10 thousand and you are going to run into collisions.

I wrote a simple function to check for duplicates:

function checkDuplicates(generator, count){
  var hash = {};
  var dupe = [];
  for(var idx = 0; idx < count; ++idx){
    var gen = generator(idx); // generate our unique ID

    // if it already exists, then it has been duplicated
    if(typeof hash[gen] != 'undefined'){
      dupe.push({
        duplicate: gen,
        indexCreated: hash[gen],
        indexDuplicated: idx,
        duplicateCount: dupe.filter(function(cur){return cur.duplicate == gen}).length,
      });
    }
    hash[gen] = idx;
  }
  return dupe;
}

This function returns an array of duplicates. The format of a returned duplicate is as follows:

duplicate = {
  duplicate: "7srx2zt3zj2lnmi", // the generated id that was duplicated
  duplicateCount: 0,            // 0 is the first duplication, so 1 is the second duplication etc
  indexCreated: 133959,         // the index where the original ID was created
  indexDuplicated: 168948,      // the index where the original ID is duplicated
}

All you need to do is pass a function that returns your generated unique IDs, and the number of times you want to generate. The function is used like so:

function myUniqueID(){
  return Math.random().toString(36).slice(2);
}

checkDuplicates(myUniqueID, Math.pow(10, 4)); // Math.pow(10, 4) == 10'000 times

Calling the above returns an empty array. This means that no duplicates were found for less than 10 thousand iterations.

It you keep calling this, you keep getting 0 duplications. However, if you change the number of iterations to 100 thousand (or Math.pow(10, 5)), then you get between 0 and 3 duplicates. Change to 1 million and you get more than 100 duplicates. Change it to 10 million and you'll get thousands of duplicates.

Also, if you change it to 10 million you start to get multiple copies of duplicates! The same generated ID is not only duplicated once, but sometimes many times! If you run the following code, it will show you which keys were duplicated more than once (it may take a minute):

var duplicates = checkDuplicates(myUniqueID, Math.pow(10, 7)) // 10 MILLION

// now only show the duplicates that have a `duplicateCount` of more than 1
// (meaning they have been duplicated for a second time)
duplicates.filter(function(cur){
  return cur.duplicateCount > 0
});

When I run it with 10 million iterations, we get over 10 thousand duplicates, 10 of which have been duplicated twice

So as we can see, this function is okay for less than 10 thousand IDs, but any more and you are likely to run into collisions.

Therefore, do not use this to generate unique IDs. There are much better ways to do it.

However, a simple fix to get a lot less collisions would be to append the current time (new Date).getTime() to the returned ID. However, this still gets a few collisions when checking duplications for 10 million (still better than thousands)

Just out of interest, I found this function. It also uses Math.random, however it uses it multiple times, effectively reducing the chance that Math.random will generate the same numbers in the same order. It outputs a string in the format of a UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier).

function uniqueID(){
  function chr4(){
    return Math.random().toString(16).slice(-4);
  }
  return chr4() + chr4() +
    '-' + chr4() +
    '-' + chr4() +
    '-' + chr4() +
    '-' + chr4() + chr4() + chr4();
}

uniqueID() // "e27881c4-f924-b8f7-59d9-525878c7a812"

// NOTE: This format of 8 chars, followed by 3 groups of 4 chars, followed by 12 chars
//       is known as a UUID and is defined in RFC4122 and is a standard for generating unique IDs.
//       This function DOES NOT implement this standard. It simply outputs a string
//       that looks similar. The standard is found here: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt

If you call checkDuplicates with this, you will see that even with 10 million generations (or Math.pow(10, 7)) a collision is not detected, so this appears pretty safe.

I tried to run Math.pow(10, 8) which is 100 million, but it took forever and never finished. You may want to run your own tests for more than 100 million

For unique you can use Date.now() plus a random:

(Date.now().toString(36) + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 5)).toUpperCase()

@marcosschlup How are you sure it'll be a random unique id?

thanks, very helpful

Really good

Excellent solution alexmorleyfinch ;) And thx author for original id ;)

Using it all the time! thank you

So cool. Thanks.

this is helpful

Thanks a lot alexmorleyfinch. This was really informative.

I'm writing this in the hopes that others may find this on Google.

I had an issue that I'm using a v-for in Vue.js on a component, but in Vue 2.2+ you required :key to be set with a unique identifier. In my case the Array that it iterates over doesn't have any, so I had to generate one on demand (imagine a Bootstrap alerts manager component, e.g.). This will do just fine.

#vuejs #v-for

Thanks!

Thanks

@devboxr :key must be unique inside the v-for loop, not for the entire vue component. in your case array has an index and that is enough

I think the first one still the best, if you don't want it run into a collision just make one more

'-' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9) + '-' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)

@devboxr iatsiuk's suggestion is more simple, for fun or other cases, you can get a unique id (without randomness) in a pretty effective way just by counting (Thanks to Javascript's single thread limitation).

You may take a reference on this demo:

export interface Counter {
  next(): number;
}

export function new_counter(init = 0): Counter {
  return {
    next: () => ++init
  };
}

export const Counter = new_counter(1);

cool

Thinks

Simplicity is key. Thanks.

good stuff

👍

Thanks

👍

Thanks

www.geezywap.info

Thnaks man!

Thanks. Great, simple script.

Thanks, it was of great help.

For any length IDs:

var ID = function (length) {
    if (!length) {
        length = 8
    }
    var str = ''
    for (var i = 1; i < length + 1; i = i + 8) {
        str += Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 10)
    }
    return ('_' + str).substr(0, length)
}

Thanks!!

Another way which uses a cryptographically secure random number generator, in UUID format.

var ID = () => {
  let array = new Uint32Array(8)
  window.crypto.getRandomValues(array)
  let str = ''
  for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    str += (i < 2 || i > 5 ? '' : '-') + array[i].toString(16).slice(-4)
  }
  return str
}

Great! Can we write a unit test for this function? I am unable to figure out how to approach this. Thanks 😄

Generating unique id's is a bigger headache than I thought. If there's anything to study its how to do this correctly because I've seen plenty of implementations that claim to work but are then quickly discredited.

Math.random() is not unique. But time stamp generated ids could be.

a simple way to do this:

(new Date().getTime()).toString(36)

@Planeur Timestamp IDs are technically not unique because you could have the same ID if the IDs are generated within the same millisecond. Try combining timestamp and Math.random to make it even more unlikely for collisions

var ID = Date.now() + Math.random().toString().slice(2);

awesome thanks :D

Thankyou from the help.
My code:

function genID(){
    this.inner = [];
    this.unique = function( id ){
        for( var actID in this.inner ){
           if( actID === this.inner ){
                break;
               return false;
           }
        }
        return id;
    };
    this.gen = function( len ){
        len = typeof len !== "number" ? 36 : len;
        let id = false;
        while( !id ){
            id = this.unique('_' + (Date.now().toString( len ) + Math.random().toString( len ).substr(2, 5)).toUpperCase());
        }
         this.inner.push( id );
        console.log( this.inner );
        return id;
    };
    return this;
}

Use:

var foo = new genID();
console.log( foo.gen() );
console.log( foo.gen() );

Math.round((Math.random() * 36 ** 12)).toString(36);
// "u8dbda25zwik"

Thanks this is very helpful

random and timestamp based at milions request maybe it is not unic...
.. should be implemented using RFC4122

Using JavaScript the correct way it is using UUID4, based in random.
uuid-v4.js

Hello. Thank you for posting this.
I did some testing to see how often collisions will occur (because for my nodejs RPG game, low length id is required and well, have as less collisions as possible).
I was very surprised with results.
(HashMap is my container, written in typescript)

I am failing to force this stupid post GUI to style the code. Therefore: code starts here:

`
results:
//stats results:
//1000 ids generated: 0 collisions
//10000 ids generated: 0 collisions
//100000 ids generated: 0 collisions
//1 milion ids generated: 0 collisions
//10 milion ids generated: 0 collisions

it('Collision finding', (done) => {
var hm = new HashMap<string, number>();
var iterations = 10000000;
var collisionsFound = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
var id = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
while (hm.contains(id)) {
console.log('id ${id} collision');
id = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
collisionsFound++;
}
hm.insert(id, 2);
}
console.log('had ${collisionsFound} collisions in ${iterations} iterations');
});`

thanks !, it helped me....

Thanks, great solution.

For anonymous analytic collecting from a pool of 10's of thousands of active users, maybe 100's, OP's solution should be fine to use.

However, I decided to tinker with my own implementation and came up with this (piggybacking off of @Planeur):

'_' + (new Date().getUTCMilliseconds().toString() + new Date().getTime().toString()).toString();

// "_4511541719590451"

not sure the base it would take to convert this into an alphanumerical string

when you pick the substring, how can you be sure it is still unique?

Thanks

Thank you. This is simple and easy to use

Thank

thanks

var ID = () => {
let array = new Uint32Array(8)
window.crypto.getRandomValues(array)
let str = ''
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
str += (i < 2 || i > 5 ? '' : '-') + array[i].toString(16).slice(-4)
}
return str
}

Works great thank you!

Thank you :)

ty sir

Great! Thank you

Thank you! Simple yet reliable.

Amazing, I was having issues using Device.uuid as it somehow breaks the new privacy rules, thanks!

Thank you! worked great..!

Thanks :), It's helpful

function random_id() {
  return '_' + (
    Number(String(Math.random()).slice(2)) + 
    Date.now() + 
    Math.round(performance.now())
  ).toString(36);
}

thanks

@marcosschlup How are you sure it'll be a random unique id?

@abdulhannanali Date.now() will garentee that is unique :)

@reheem, thank you.

Thanks!

Thank you, clean and easily understand

Thanks...

You guys maybe want to use: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol

Hi! Great code! I wrapped arround the local storage just to make sure it doesn't generate a identical string (even though the posibilities tends arround 0.027 hehe)
const entities_array = window.localStorage.getItem('entities_array') || [];
do{
var ID = '_' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2);
} while(entities_array.find(entity => entity.ID === ID));
return ID;

You guys maybe want to use: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol

I don't see where this can help in the reported case. Any examples?

I don't see where this can help in the reported case. Any examples?

This depends on the exact use case of course. I landed on this gist after searching for "unique id javascript". I knew something like Symbol existed but did not know the name anymore and was looking for it again.

The page linked in the comment of this gist (http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:names) does not load for me at the moment, but this works for generating unique entries:

const privateName = Symbol();
const o = { 'public': 'foo' };
o[privateName] = 'bar';
const privateName2 = Symbol();
o[privateName2] = 'baz';

👍

Saved my life, thank you!

Thank you

Thank you :)

Thank you, it's very helpful!

Here's another method:

const createID = () => {
    return Array(16)
      .fill(0)
      .map(() => String.fromCharCode(Math.floor(Math.random() * 26) + 97))
      .join('') + 
      Date.now().toString(24);
}

thank you! :)

Just wanted to say that I've came here to use this snippet at least twice a month for the past couple years! Thanks :D

Great! Can we write a unit test for this function? I am unable to figure out how to approach this. Thanks 😄

@proishan11 A little late, but you could always just run a loop on it for a unit test.

var ID = function () {
  return '_' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
};

const unitTestWrittenWithoutAnyTestingFrameworkOops = () => {
  console.log('Testing ID() to ensure there are no duplicate IDs');
  
  const tests = 100000; // bigger the number the more accurate the results?
  const ids = [];
  
  for (let i = 0; i < tests; i++) {
    const newID = ID();
    
    if (ids.includes(newID)) return `Duplicate ID, test failed (${newID}).`;
    else ids.push(newID);
  }
  
  if (ids.length === tests) console.log('No duplicate IDs. Test passed.');
}

unitTestWrittenWithoutAnyTestingFrameworkOops();

Thanks you! God bless you!

Super helpful and works brilliantly, thank you for sharing 🌟

Cool..!

Nice snippet, thanks a lot!

Created another method with collision test.

const uid = () => {
  return String.fromCharCode(Math.floor(Math.random() * 26) + 97)
       + Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)
       + Date.now().toString(16).slice(4);
};

function collisionTest(iterations = 1e6) {
  let track = new Set();
  let count = -1;

  void console.time('Collision test');
  
  while (++count < iterations) {
    void track.add(uid());
  }
  
  void console.timeEnd('Collision test');
  void console.log('Total iterations:', iterations);
  void console.log('Total collisions:', iterations - track.size);
  void console.log('Total unique ids:', track.size);
}

Thanks to all of you

thanks

I strongly recommend using performance.now().toString(36) instead of Date.now - since it offers a higher precision date (ref: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Performance/now - you can get microsecond precision).

The advantage of a higher precision time is: the probability of users around the known universe generating their random ID in that exact same microsecond is very low.

Doing Math.random() in addition to this will result in randomization over-and-above an already extremely unique value.

function uid() {
  return (performance.now().toString(36)+Math.random().toString(36)).replace(/\./g,"");
};

Verified using @c0d3r111's Collision test
Collision test: 8391.403076171875ms
Total iterations: 1000000
Total collisions: 0
Total unique ids: 1000000

Unless your CPU can process more instructions in a microsecond, the value will likely never duplicate since you've moved into the next microsecond by the time the result comes out.

Window.crypto (ref https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/crypto ) as @lcherone also mentioned, provides high precision random numbers, that even inspires confidence in Cryptographic algorithms (and is thus assured to be more random than other randoms), which can be used as such:

function getRandomNumbers() {
  var array = new Uint32Array(10);
  window.crypto.getRandomValues(array);
 
  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    console.log(array[i] + " ");
  }
}

Combining the two, here's a final function:

function uid() {
 let a = new Uint32Array(3);
 window.crypto.getRandomValues(a);
 return (performance.now().toString(36)+Array.from(a).map(A => A.toString(36)).join("")).replace(/\./g,"");
};

Thank you, it was helpful :)
I have just used it in a real application.