Add one line to your C/C++ source to make it executable.

executable.c

///bin/true;COMPILER_OPTIONS="-g -Wall -Wextra --std=c99 -O1 -fsanitize=address,undefined";THIS_FILE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd -P)/$(basename "$0")";OUT_FILE="/tmp/build-cache/$THIS_FILE";mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUT_FILE")";test "$THIS_FILE" -ot "$OUT_FILE" || $(which clang || which gcc) $COMPILER_OPTIONS -xc "$THIS_FILE" -o "$OUT_FILE" || exit;exec "$OUT_FILE" "$@"
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  printf("Hello world!\n");
  return 0;
}

executable.cpp

///bin/true;COMPILER_OPTIONS="-g -Wall -Wextra --std=c++14 -O1 -fsanitize=address,undefined";THIS_FILE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd -P)/$(basename "$0")";OUT_FILE="/tmp/build-cache/$THIS_FILE";mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUT_FILE")";test "$THIS_FILE" -ot "$OUT_FILE" || $(which clang++ || which g++) -xc++ $COMPILER_OPTIONS "$THIS_FILE" -o "$OUT_FILE" || exit;exec "$OUT_FILE" "$@"
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cerr << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

with-shebang.shc

#!/bin/bash
///bin/true;COMPILER_OPTIONS="-g -Wall -Wextra --std=c99 -O1 -fsanitize=address,undefined";THIS_FILE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"; pwd -P)/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")";OUT_FILE="/tmp/build-cache/$THIS_FILE";mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUT_FILE")";test "$THIS_FILE" -ot "$OUT_FILE" || tail -c +12 "$0" | $(which clang || which gcc) -xc $COMPILER_OPTIONS -o "$OUT_FILE" - || exit $?;exec -a "$0" "$OUT_FILE" "$@"
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  printf("Hello world!\n");
  return 0;
}

with-shebang.shcpp

#!/bin/bash
///bin/true;COMPILER_OPTIONS="-g -Wall -Wextra --std=c++14 -O1 -fsanitize=address,undefined";THIS_FILE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"; pwd -P)/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")";OUT_FILE="/tmp/build-cache/$THIS_FILE";mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUT_FILE")";test "$THIS_FILE" -ot "$OUT_FILE" || tail -c +12 "$0" | $(which clang++ || which g++) -xc++ $COMPILER_OPTIONS -o "$OUT_FILE" - || exit $?;exec -a "$0" "$OUT_FILE" "$@"
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cerr << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

gcc does not like the option -fsanitize=address,undefined on my machine; I had to delete that part, in order to make it work.

what's apply scenarios?

nice hack, and fun, but just fun

And Perl?

#ifndef C
$_=$0,s/\.c$//,print`gcc -DC -o $_ $0 && ./$_; rm -f $_`;
__END__
#endif
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    puts("Hello World!");
    return 0;
}

//usr/bin/env clang++ $0 -o ${o=`mktemp`} && exec $o $*
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("Hello World!\n");
    return 0;
}

Due to an issue described here there is a warning printed on macOS that can be remedied using

///$(which true);export MallocNanoZone=0;COMPILER_OPTIONS="-g -Wall -Wextra --std=c++17 -O1 -fsanitize=address,undefined";THIS_FILE="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; pwd -P)/$(basename "$0")";OUT_FILE="/tmp/build-cache/$THIS_FILE";mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUT_FILE")";test "$THIS_FILE" -ot "$OUT_FILE" ||$(which clang++ || which g++) -xc++ $COMPILER_OPTIONS "$THIS_FILE" -o "$OUT_FILE" || exit;exec "$OUT_FILE" "$@"
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::cerr << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}