Transportation Routes

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Title: Transportation Routes
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My Notes
--------
April 18, 2018
At the Ottawa-Graph meetup last night[1], Barabási provided various examples of networks during his talk.
He mentioned at least two human U.S. transportation netorks - road and air.

Road - a random network
Air - a scale-free network, that contains a few major hubs

I'm interested in exploring what happens when you combine various transportation networks/modes - road, air, train, bus, bike, walk, hike, etc.
The nodes are common to all networks, but the edges are different.

In addition, you can have routes.
A route is a sequence of edges, where each edge involves one mode of transportation.
Google Maps and OCTranspo do this.
Each route might optimize some feature/requirement such as time, money, energy, etc.

Example of a route:
1:00 walk to bus stop 1234
1:05 take bus 73 to stop 5678
1:25 walk to 901 Main St.
1:30 arrive

There are several road networks:
- networks of long-distance divided highways (nodes are highway exits/entrances)
- networks of city streets (node are intersections)
- networks of rural roads
- others

In a road network:
- nodes are places with a single specific latitude and longitude
- edges connect two places, where each place is specified by lat and long

TODO
----
- generate nodes and edges in 2 seperate ways at the same time:
 - a random network
 - a scale-free network
- a separate major project would be to explore world transportation systems over human history

References
----------
(1) https://www.meetup.com/Ottawa-Graph/events/249816533/
    Albert-László Barabási: Taming Complexity

(2) http://barabasi.com/

(3) search: transportation networks

(4) search: transportation networks barabasi

(5) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_network
    For transportation network mathematical graph theory, see Flow network.
    A transport network, or transportation network is a realisation of a spatial network, describing a structure which permits either vehicular movement or flow of some commodity.
    Examples are network of roads and streets, railways, pipes, aqueducts, and power lines. One can distinguish land, sea and air transportation networks.

(6) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_network

(7) https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.0302
    Spatial Networks, Marc Barthelemy, (Submitted on 2 Oct 2010 (v1), last revised 4 Nov 2010 (this version, v2)), 86 pages
    Abstract
    Complex systems are very often organized under the form of networks where nodes and edges are embedded in space.
    Transportation and mobility networks, Internet, mobile phone networks, power grids, social and contact networks, neural networks,
    are all examples where space is relevant and where topology alone does not contain all the information.
    Characterizing and understanding the structure and the evolution of spatial networks is thus crucial for many different fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology.
    An important consequence of space on networks is that there is a cost associated to the length of edges which in turn has dramatic effects on the topological structure of these networks.
    We will expose thoroughly the current state of our understanding of how the spatial constraints affect the structure and properties of these networks.
    We will review the most recent empirical observations and the most important models of spatial networks.
    We will also discuss various processes which take place on these spatial networks, such as phase transitions, random walks, synchronization, navigation, resilience, and disease spread.

(8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_Transport_Network
    Interplanetary Transport Network
    something completely different, but interesting
    The Interplanetary Transport Network (ITN)[1] is a collection of gravitationally determined pathways through the Solar System that require very little energy for an object to follow.

(9) https://icon.colorado.edu/#!/
  ) https://icon.colorado.edu/#!/networks
    there are 35 or so Transportation networks, including:
    United States roads (2000)
    Contiguous states (USA)
    U.S. roads (CA, PA, TX)
    US airport network (top 500; 2002)
    US airport networks (2010)
    FAA Preferred Routes (2010)
    
(10) http://d.umn.edu/~watanabe/docs/net.pdf
    A Scale-Free Transportation Network Explains the City-Size Distribution

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