Ecological Systems Theory

xholonWorkbook.xml

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<Notes><![CDATA[
Xholon
------
Title: Ecological Systems Theory
Description: 
Url: http://www.primordion.com/Xholon/gwt/
InternalName: cf4e6563ab2f77fb54f8180ce0728263
Keywords: 

My Notes
--------
January 29, 2019

Do a Xholon model based mostly on [4].
Link this with my work on the D4G BGCO project [5].

Terrminology used in [4]:
------------
system
focal indvidual
nested vs networked
nested vs overlapping but non-nested
structures or systems  see definitions in Table 1 on p.724
 Microsystem
 Mesosystem
 Exosystem
 Macrosystem
 Chronosystem
setting
  "a place where people can readily engage in face-to-face interaction" [4, 6]
  "the fundamental building block of EST" [4]
   spatial dimension vs interactional dimension [4 p.727]
    - ksw: this is a key concept to consider when I'm modeling with Xholon
   "a setting is a set of people engaged in social interaction, which necessarily occurs in, and is likely affected by the features of, a place" [4 p.727]
   "although our conception of a setting places primary attention on the patterns of social interaction, it does not reject that spatial factors may nonetheless play an important role" [4 p.727]
   settings are "sets of interacting people" [4 p.727]
dyad, triad
homophily
transitivity
clique

Graphviz
--------
/*
Automatically generated by Xholon version 0.9.1, using org.primordion.ef.Xholon2Graphviz.java
Tue Jan 29 15:30:20 GMT-500 2019 1548793820676
model: Ecological Systems Theory
www.primordion.com/Xholon

To view this file, use Graphviz dot|fdp|neato|twopi|circo|sfdp from http://www.graphviz.org/
For example, to generate an SVG file:
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Or use one of: -Tgif -Tjpg -Tpdf -Tpng -Txdot -Txlib
See also: http://www.webgraphviz.com/
See also: http://rise4fun.com/agl/

To repeat this Xholon export:
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References
----------
(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_systems_theory
    EST
    Ecological systems theory, also called development in context or human ecology theory, identifies five environmental systems with which an individual interacts.
    The theory offers a framework through which community psychologists examine individuals' relationships within communities and the wider society.
    Ecological systems theory was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. The theory is also commonly referred to as the ecological/systems framework.


(2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioecological_model
    The bioecological model is a theoretical model of gene–environment interactions in human development.
    This model, first proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner and Stephen J. Ceci, in 1994, is an extension of Bronfenbrenner's original theoretical model of human development,
    called ecological systems theory.
    Bronfenbrenner developed the bioecological model after recognizing that the individual was overlooked in other theories of human development,
    which were largely focused on the context of development (e.g., the environment).

    The bioecological model of human development can be applied to both children and maturing adults, and is thus a lifespan approach to development.
    The framework emphasizes the importance of understanding bidirectional influences between individuals’ development and their surrounding environmental contexts.
    In the bioecological model, in contrast to his earlier models, Bronfenbrenner also includes time (known as the chronosystem in his model)
    as an important component in the way that people and environments change.
    The bioecological model proposed a new method of conducting research which was heavily influential in developmental psychology and is still considered relevant today. 

(3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_youth_development
    Positive youth development (PYD) programs are designed to optimize youth developmental progress.
    PYD differs from other approaches to youth in that it rejects an emphasis on trying to correct what is "wrong" with children's behavior or development.
    Programs and practitioners seek to empathize with, educate, and engage children in productive activities.
    While not particularly common in use yet, PYD has been used across the world to address social divisions, such as gender and ethnic differences.

(4) Nested or Networked? Future Directions for Ecological Systems Theory
    by Jennifer Watling Neal and Zachary P. Neal, Michigan State University
    Social Development Vol 22 No. 4 722–737 November 2013
    Abstract
    Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (EST) is among the most widely adopted
    theoretical frameworks for studying individuals in ecological contexts. In its traditional
    formulation, different levels of ecological systems are viewed as nested within one
    another. In this article, we use Simmel’s notion of intersecting social circles and
    Bronfenbrenner’s earlier writing on social networks to develop an alternative ‘net-
    worked’ model that instead views ecological systems as an overlapping arrangement of
    structures, each directly or indirectly connected to the others by the direct and indirect
    social interactions of their participants. We redefine each of the systems discussed by
    EST—micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono—based on patterns of social interaction,
    and then illustrate how this alternative model might be applied in the classic context
    of the developing child. We conclude by discussing future directions for how the
    networked model of EST can be applied as a conceptual framework, arguing that this
    approach offers developmental researchers with a more precise and flexible way to
    think about ecological contexts. We also offer some initial suggestions for moving a
    networked EST model from theory to method.
    
    the whole of EST through the lens of networks of social interactions (p.726)

(5) https://www.primordion.com/Xholon/gwt/Bgco.html
    my work on the D4G BGCO project

(6) Bronfenbrenner

(7) Georg Simmel
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Simmel

(8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyad_(sociology)
    In sociology, a dyad is a group of two people, the smallest possible social group. As an adjective, "dyadic" describes their interaction.

(9) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(sociology)

(10) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network

(11) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociogram

]]></Notes> 

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Setting and Microsystem are the same
Should these have a class inheritence relationship (IH) or a containment relationship (CSH) ?
CSH is better; a Setting might need to move between a Microsystem and a Exosystem; using CSH provides more flexibility
the different types of Estsystem are a more formal scaffolding that settings can fit into
at the abstract IH level, Setting and Estsystem should be kept separate
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Setting and Estsystem should be able to evolve independently of each other
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