Minimal pairs for many languages, pronunciation written in call-script.
Last active
October 25, 2023 02:06
-
-
Save lancejpollard/985c901d8ab38e9ac3542578939df00d to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Minimal Pairs for French, English, Arabic, Punjabi, Russian, Finnish, Hebrew, Georgian, and more
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
| language | native | call-script | |
|---|---|---|---|
| arabic | سُؤَال | su'aal | |
| arabic | سُعَال | suQ~aal | |
| arabic | كشع | kaxuQ~Q~ | |
| arabic | كشغل | kaxuQl | |
| arabic | لدع | ladaQ~Q~a | |
| arabic | لدغا | ladaQaa | |
| arabic | معاز | maQ~Q~aaz | |
| arabic | معاص | maQ~aas~ | |
| arabic | سيفاصل | seIufaas~il | |
| arabic | سيفاضل | seIufaad~il | |
| arabic | سيناصر | seIunaas~ir | |
| arabic | سيناظر | seIunaaC~ir | |
| arabic | أخ | 'aH | |
| arabic | أق | 'aK | |
| arabic | أه | 'ah | |
| arabic | دا | daa | |
| arabic | ذا | Caa | |
| arabic | يا | yaa | |
| arabic | يح | yaH | |
| arabic | أعل | 'aQ~l | |
| arabic | أعو | 'aQ~w | |
| arabic | بوص | buus~ | |
| arabic | بوع | buuQ~ | |
| arabic | تأت | ta't | |
| arabic | تعت | taQ~t | |
| arabic | تنغ | tanQ | |
| arabic | تنو | tanw | |
| arabic | ثاغ | caaQ | |
| arabic | ثغر | caQr | |
| arabic | جت | djit | |
| arabic | جيت | djyt | |
| arabic | حسو | Hasw | |
| arabic | حشو | Haxw | |
| arabic | داع | daaQ~ | |
| arabic | داغ | daaQ | |
| arabic | شاي | xaay | |
| arabic | شي | xayy | |
| arabic | تشييد | taxyiid | |
| arabic | تشييع | taxyiiQ~ | |
| arabic | تصبأ | tas~ba' | |
| arabic | تصبع | tas~baQ~ | |
| arabic | تصبغ | tas~buQ | |
| arabic | تصبو | tas~buu | |
| arabic | تفقير | tafKiir | |
| arabic | تفكير | tafkiir | |
| arabic | تفريع | tafriiQ~ | |
| arabic | تفريغ | tafriiQ | |
| english | pan | pAn | |
| english | pen | pEn | |
| english | look | lOk | |
| english | luck | lUk | |
| english | sit | sIt | |
| english | seat | sit | |
| english | desk | dEsk | |
| english | disk | dIsk | |
| english | wet | wEt | |
| english | wait | weyt | |
| english | bat | bAt | |
| english | but | bUt | |
| english | so | sow | |
| english | saw | saw | |
| english | not | nat | |
| english | note | nowt | |
| english | bad | bAd | |
| english | bed | bEd | |
| english | fast | fAst | |
| english | first | fu#st | |
| english | had | hAd | |
| english | hard | hau#d | |
| english | man | mAn | |
| english | men | mEn | |
| english | know | now | |
| english | now | nAw | |
| english | berry | bEu#y | |
| english | very | vEu#y | |
| english | buy | bay | |
| english | pie | pay | |
| english | thin | cIn | |
| english | thing | ciq | |
| english | alive | Ulayv | |
| english | arrive | Uu#ayv | |
| english | catch | kAtx | |
| english | cat | kAt | |
| english | sea | si | |
| english | she | xi | |
| english | fan | fAn | |
| english | van | vAn | |
| english | fat | fAt | |
| english | hat | hAt | |
| english | free | fri | |
| english | three | cri | |
| english | sink | siqk | |
| english | think | ciqk | |
| english | with | wIc | |
| english | whizz | wIz | |
| english | page | peydj | |
| english | pays | peyz | |
| english | bad | bAd | |
| english | badge | bAdj | |
| english | coffee | cafi | |
| english | copy | capi | |
| english | quick | kwIk | |
| english | kick | kIk | |
| english | cheep | txip | |
| english | jeep | djip | |
| english | chair | txEu# | |
| english | share | xEu# | |
| english | day | dey | |
| english | they | Cey | |
| english | tree | tri | |
| english | three | cri | |
| english | fast | fAst | |
| english | past | pAst | |
| english | came | keym | |
| english | game | geym | |
| english | two | tuw | |
| english | do | duw | |
| english | vow | vAw | |
| english | wow | wAw | |
| english | gate | geyt | |
| english | weight | weyt | |
| english | hat | hAt | |
| english | rat | rAt | |
| english | rich | u#Itx | |
| english | which | wItx | |
| english | where | wEu# | |
| english | air | Eu# | |
| english | hate | heyt | |
| english | eight | eyt | |
| english | back | bAk | |
| english | bag | bAg | |
| english | am | Am | |
| english | an | An | |
| english | hat | hAt | |
| english | had | hAd | |
| english | bus | bUs | |
| english | buzz | bUz | |
| english | think | ciqk | |
| english | thing | ciq | |
| english | edge | Edj | |
| english | edgy | Edjy | |
| english | catch | kAtx | |
| english | catchy | kAtxy | |
| english | cab | cAb | |
| english | cap | cAp | |
| punjabi | ਦਸ | dUs | |
| punjabi | ਦੱਸ | dUss | |
| punjabi | ਪਤਾ | pUta | |
| punjabi | ਪੱਤਾ | pUtta | |
| punjabi | ਕਲਾ | kUla | |
| punjabi | ਕੱਲਾ | kUlla | |
| russian | длина | dlYI'na | |
| russian | длинна | dlYI'nna | |
| hungarian | megy | mEgy | |
| hungarian | meggy | mEggy | |
| cockney-english | fought | fo#O' | |
| cockney-english | fault | fo#OO' | |
| estonian | saada | saaada | |
| estonian | saada | saada | |
| estonian | sada | sada | |
| hebrew | בְּאֵר | ve'eQ | |
| hebrew | בָּאר | va'Q | |
| hebrew | רַךְ | QaHe | |
| hebrew | רַק | Qak | |
| chinese | zì | tsi+i- | |
| chinese | zhì | TXi+i- | |
| chinese | qì | txhi+i- | |
| chinese | chì | TXhi+i- | |
| chinese | cì | tshi+i- | |
| chinese | shì | Xi+i- | |
| chinese | xì | xi+i- | |
| chinese | guì | kwei+i- | |
| chinese | kuì | khwei+i- | |
| chinese | dào | ta+a-u | |
| chinese | tào | tha+a-u | |
| chinese | bǐ | pi- | |
| chinese | pǐ | phi- | |
| chinese | jīng | txi+q | |
| chinese | qīng | txhi+q | |
| chinese | rì | ri+i- | |
| chinese | lì | li+i- | |
| chinese | xǐ | xi- | |
| chinese | xī | xi+ | |
| chinese | xí | xii+ | |
| chinese | xi | xi | |
| finnish | hä | hA | |
| finnish | ha | hɑ | |
| finnish | jää | jAA | |
| finnish | jaa | jɑɑ | |
| finnish | jöö | jøø | |
| finnish | joo | joo | |
| finnish | takka | tɑkkɑ | |
| finnish | taka | tɑkɑ | |
| danish | bunde | bo#nU | |
| danish | bundne | bo#nnU | |
| danish | mand | man' | |
| danish | mænd | mEn' | |
| danish | skåle | sgo#o#lU | |
| danish | skole | sgoolU | |
| danish | bur | bua' | |
| danish | bord | bo'a | |
| danish | hund | hun' | |
| danish | hånd | hʌn' | |
| danish | tønde | tønU | |
| danish | tænde | tEnU | |
| danish | løbe | la#a#bU | |
| danish | løve | la#a#vU | |
| danish | ruge | QuuU | |
| danish | ryge | QyyU | |
| danish | rede | QEECU | |
| danish | røde | Qe#C' | |
| swedish | mat | maat | |
| swedish | matt | matt | |
| swedish | damm | damm | |
| swedish | dam | daam | |
| swedish | kal | kaal | |
| swedish | kall | kall | |
| swedish | surra | ||
| swedish | sura | ||
| swedish | mål | mool | |
| swedish | moll | mo#ll | |
| swedish | väg | vEEg | |
| swedish | vägg | vEgg | |
| swedish | tjäna | ||
| swedish | känna | ||
| swedish | rönn | re#nn | |
| swedish | rön | ra#a#n | |
| swedish | sticka | st'ikka | |
| swedish | stycka | st'ykkar | |
| swedish | brun | bruun | |
| swedish | bryn | bryyn | |
| swedish | bank | baqqk | |
| swedish | bänk | beqqk | |
| swedish | sång | so#qq | |
| swedish | säng | seqq | |
| norwegian | løpe | la#a#'pU | |
| norwegian | løp | la#a#p | |
| norwegian | skjære | xAA'rU | |
| norwegian | kjære | hyAA'rU | |
| norwegian | bake | ||
| norwegian | bakke | ||
| norwegian | vane | ||
| norwegian | vanne | ||
| norwegian | bare | ||
| norwegian | barre | ||
| norwegian | same | ||
| norwegian | samme | ||
| norwegian | vase | ||
| norwegian | vasse | ||
| norwegian | haler | ||
| norwegian | haller | ||
| norwegian | sene | ||
| norwegian | sende | ||
| norwegian | byger | ||
| norwegian | bygger | ||
| norwegian | løker | ||
| norwegian | løkker | ||
| polish | leki | ||
| polish | lekki | ||
| polish | wał | ||
| polish | wył | ||
| polish | morda | ||
| polish | merda | ||
| polish | stół | ||
| polish | stał | ||
| polish | koś | ||
| polish | kosz | ||
| polish | ściera | ||
| polish | szczera | ||
| polish | bić | ||
| polish | bicz | ||
| polish | czysta | ||
| polish | trzysta | ||
| polish | dżem | ||
| polish | drzem | ||
| polish | Sofia | ||
| polish | Zofia | ||
| polish | car | ||
| polish | czar | ||
| polish | prosię | ||
| polish | proszę | ||
| polish | chcę | ||
| polish | chce | ||
| polish | maź | ||
| polish | mąż | ||
| polish | krowa | ||
| polish | krową | ||
| navajo | anii' | ||
| navajo | aníí' | ||
| navajo | ni | ||
| navajo | ní | ||
| navajo | 'aadi | ||
| navajo | 'áadi | ||
| navajo | 'ada' | ||
| navajo | 'ádá | ||
| navajo | lá | la+ | |
| navajo | łą́ | la~+ | |
| navajo | łą́ | Sa~+ | |
| navajo | łá | Sa' | |
| navajo | łah | Sah | |
| navajo | łahgo | Sahgo | |
| navajo | łahgóó | Sahgo+o+ | |
| navajo | łóódtsoh | So+o+dtsoh | |
| navajo | łóó'tsoh | So+o+'tsoh | |
| navajo | na' | na' | |
| navajo | naa | naa | |
| portuguese | dá | ||
| portuguese | da | ||
| portuguese | sé | ||
| portuguese | sê | ||
| portuguese | avó | ||
| portuguese | avô | ||
| portuguese | sei | ||
| portuguese | sem | ||
| portuguese | manha | ||
| portuguese | manhã | ||
| portuguese | meta | ||
| portuguese | menta | ||
| portuguese | si | ||
| portuguese | sim | ||
| portuguese | sou | ||
| portuguese | som | ||
| portuguese | pomba | ||
| portuguese | pumba | ||
| portuguese | entro | ||
| portuguese | antro | ||
| portuguese | mana | ||
| portuguese | manha | ||
| portuguese | caço | ||
| portuguese | caso | ||
| portuguese | assar | ||
| portuguese | azar | ||
| portuguese | rixa | ||
| portuguese | rija | ||
| portuguese | falo | ||
| portuguese | falho | ||
| portuguese | vaca | ||
| portuguese | faca | ||
| georgian | ფარი | pari | |
| georgian | პარი | p!ari | |
| georgian | თარი | tari | |
| georgian | ტარი | t!ari | |
| georgian | ქარი | kari | |
| georgian | კარი | k!ari | |
| georgian | ახ | aH | |
| georgian | აჰ | ah | |
| georgian | აწ | ats! | |
| georgian | აჭ | atx! | |
| georgian | აჩ | atxh | |
| georgian | აც | atsh | |
| georgian | დხ | dH | |
| georgian | დჰ | dh | |
| georgian | ეკ | Ek! | |
| georgian | ეყ | EK! | |
| georgian | ზო | zo# | |
| georgian | ზღ | zQ | |
| georgian | ით | ith | |
| georgian | იწ | its! | |
| georgian | მპ | mp! | |
| georgian | მფ | mph | |
| georgian | ოო | o#o# | |
| georgian | აო | ao# | |
| georgian | თხ | thH | |
| georgian | თჰ | thh | |
| georgian | სც | stsh | |
| georgian | სწ | sts! | |
| french | aï | ai | |
| french | aïe | ay | |
| french | an | aM | |
| french | âne | an | |
| french | are | aQ | |
| french | baud | bo | |
| french | beuh | ba# | |
| french | boue | bu | |
| french | bu | bi# | |
| french | dais | dE | |
| french | de | dU | |
| french | deux | da# | |
| french | feu | fa# | |
| french | fus | fi# | |
| french | E | a# | |
| french | heu | 'a# | |
| french | heur | e#Q | |
| french | eurent | a#Q | |
| french | jeu | ja# | |
| french | jus | ji# | |
| french | poignée | ||
| french | poignet | ||
| french | fée | ||
| french | fait | ||
| french | gué | ||
| french | guet | ||
| french | bête | ||
| french | bêtise | ||
| french | côte | ||
| french | cote | ||
| french | tache | ||
| french | tâche | ||
| french | jeune | je#n | |
| french | jeûne | ja#n | |
| french | roc | Qo#k | |
| french | rauque | Qok | |
| french | allait | alE | |
| french | allé | ale | |
| french | ban | baM | |
| french | bon | bo#M | |
| french | on | o#M | |
| french | or | o#Q | |
| french | ban | baM | |
| french | bar | baQ | |
| french | camp | kaM | |
| french | cane | kan | |
| french | douai | dwE | |
| french | doué | dwe | |
| french | foui | fwi | |
| french | fouille | fuy | |
| french | geins | jEM | |
| french | gère | jEQ | |
| quebec-french | tache | tax | |
| quebec-french | tâche | tɑx | |
| quebec-french | patte | pat | |
| quebec-french | pâte | pɑt | |
| thai | ข่า | kha-a | |
| thai | ขา | kha-a+a | |
| thai | ข่าง | kha-aq | |
| thai | ขัง | kha-a+q | |
| thai | ข้น | kho+o-n | |
| thai | ขน | kho-o+n | |
| thai | ข้อ | kho#+o#-k | |
| thai | ขอ | kho#-o#+k | |
| thai | ขา | kha-a+a | |
| thai | ขวา | khwa-a+a | |
| thai | ก๊ก | ko+k | |
| thai | กก | ko-k | |
| thai | ข้น | kho+o-n | |
| thai | ก้น | ko+o-n | |
| thai | งาม | qaam | |
| thai | ง่าม | qa+a-am | |
| thai | ง้าว | qa+aw | |
| thai | ง่าว | qa+a-aw | |
| thai | แงม | qEm | |
| thai | แง้ม | qE+m | |
| thai | จา | txyaa | |
| thai | จ่า | txya-a | |
| thai | จัว | txyuua | |
| thai | จั่ว | txyu-ua | |
| thai | อา | 'aa | |
| thai | อ่า | 'a-a | |
| korean | 고 | ko | |
| korean | 교 | kyo | |
| korean | 기우 | kiu | |
| korean | 길 | kiL | |
| korean | 시 | xyhi | |
| korean | 씨 | xyi | |
| korean | 아우 | au | |
| korean | 아으 | aO | |
| korean | 우 | u | |
| korean | 웃 | ut. | |
| korean | 으 | O | |
| korean | 읍 | Op. | |
| korean | 익 | ik. | |
| korean | 입 | ip. | |
| korean | 이 | i | |
| korean | 기이 | kii | |
| korean | 끼 | k@i | |
| korean | 두우 | tuu | |
| korean | 뚜 | t@u | |
| korean | 궤 | kwe | |
| korean | 구애 | kuE | |
| korean | 구어 | kuU | |
| korean | 국 | kuk. | |
| korean | 굽 | kup. | |
| korean | 굿 | kut. | |
| korean | 대우 | tEu | |
| korean | 더우 | tUu | |
| korean | 도 | to | |
| korean | 또 | t@o | |
| korean | 며 | myU | |
| korean | 무어 | muU | |
| japanese | バグ | bagu | |
| japanese | バッグ | baggu | |
| japanese | お | o | |
| japanese | ｏ | oo | |
| japanese | おう | oO | |
| japanese | ウォー | Ooo | |
| japanese | あ | a | |
| japanese | アー | aa | |
| japanese | え | e | |
| japanese | えー | ee | |
| japanese | ウィ | Oi | |
| japanese | おい | oi | |
| japanese | エア | ea | |
| japanese | エアー | eaa | |
| japanese | おい | oi | |
| japanese | おーい | ooi | |
| japanese | か | ka | |
| japanese | カー | kaa | |
| japanese | げ | ge | |
| japanese | げー | gee | |
| japanese | ショー | xyoo | |
| japanese | ショウ | xyoO | |
| japanese | ダウ | daO | |
| japanese | ダオ | dao | |
| japanese | ファー | Faa | |
| japanese | はあ | haa | |
| khmer | គឺ | ki#i# | |
| khmer | ជីរ | kyii | |
| khmer | ច | kyaa | |
| khmer | ចាស់ | kyah | |
| khmer | ព | po#o# | |
| khmer | ពណ៌ | poa | |
| khmer | រ | ro#o# | |
| khmer | ល | lo#o# | |
| khmer | អ៊ឹស | 'i#h | |
| khmer | អ៊ឺ | 'i#i# | |
| khmer | កាយ | kaai# | |
| khmer | កាស | kaah | |
| khmer | គេ | kee | |
| khmer | កេស | keeh | |
| khmer | ជូន | kyuun | |
| khmer | ជួន | kyuUn | |
| khmer | ខ្ចី | kkyUi# | |
| khmer | ជួយ | kyuUi# | |
| sanskrit | धान | dhaana | |
| sanskrit | दान | daana | |
| sanskrit | काण | kaaNa | |
| sanskrit | कान | kaana | |
| sanskrit | आर्ष | aarXa | |
| sanskrit | अर्श | arxa | |
| sanskrit | तात | thaata | |
| sanskrit | थाट | thaaTa | |
| sanskrit | बल् | bal | |
| sanskrit | भल् | bhal | |
| sanskrit | पल् | pal | |
| sanskrit | फल् | phal | |
| sanskrit | मड | maDa | |
| sanskrit | मद | mada | |
| sanskrit | माड | maaDa | |
| sanskrit | माडा | maaDaa | |
| sanskrit | ऋषि | RIXi | |
| sanskrit | ऋषिः | RIXih | |
| sanskrit | योगी | yogii | |
| sanskrit | योगि | yogi | |
| cree | ᐊᐦ | ah | |
| cree | ᐋᐦ | aah | |
| cree | ᐦᐁᐦ | heeh | |
| cree | ᐦᐁᕀ | heey | |
| spanish | baca | baka | |
| spanish | vaca | Vaka | |
| spanish | pero | pEro | |
| spanish | perro | pErro | |
| spanish | papa | p(a)pa | |
| spanish | papá | pap(a) | |
| tamil | ஆசு | aatxyu | |
| tamil | ஆசூ | aatxyuu | |
| tamil | ஆடை | aaTai | |
| tamil | ஆணை | aaNai | |
| tamil | இலை | ilai | |
| tamil | இளை | iLai | |
| tamil | ஈளை | iiLai | |
| tamil | இழை | irai | |
| tamil | இறை | irrai | |
| tamil | அடலை | aTalai | |
| tamil | அடளை | aTaLai | |
| tamil | அதலம் | atalam | |
| tamil | அடலம் | aTalam | |
| tamil | தோல் | tool | |
| tamil | டோல் | Tool | |
| tamil | தங்கல் | taqkal | |
| tamil | தங்கள் | taqkaL | |
| tamil | துனி | tuni | |
| tamil | துணி | tuNi | |
| tamil | ஶூ | xyuu | |
| tamil | ஷூ | Xuu | |
| tamil | ஓமான் | oomaan | |
| tamil | ஓணான் | ooNaan | |
| tamil | பாளம் | paaLam | |
| tamil | பாணன் | paaNan | |
| tamil | பாடை | paaTai | |
| tamil | பாரை | paarai | |
| tamil | பன்னை | pannai | |
| tamil | பண்ணை | paNNai | |
| tamil | வன்மை | vanmai | |
| tamil | வண்மை | vaNmai | |
| tamil | கரிமா | karimaa | |
| tamil | கழிமை | karimai | |
| tamil | குத்துணி | kuttuNi | |
| tamil | குட்டுணி | kuTTuNi | |
| tamil | மகரம் | makaram | |
| tamil | மகதம் | makatam | |
| tamil | மகுலம் | makulam | |
| tamil | மகுடம் | makuTam | |
| tamil | அம்மங்காள் | ammaqkaaL | |
| tamil | அம்மங்கார் | ammaqkaar | |
| tamil | ஆக்கு | aakku | |
| tamil | ஆங்கு | aaqku | |
| tamil | அகி | aki | |
| tamil | அக்கி | akki | |
| tamil | ஆகா | aakaa | |
| tamil | அக்கா | akkaa | |
| tamil | செங்கணான் | txyeqkaNaan | |
| tamil | செங்கண்ணன் | txyeqkaNNan | |
| hupa | na' | na' | |
| hupa | na: | naa | |
| inuttut | akkak | akkak | |
| inuttut | akKak | akKak | |
| cherokee | ᎪᎳ | koola | |
| cherokee | ᎪᎳ | khoola |
Sign up for free
to join this conversation on GitHub.
Already have an account?
Sign in to comment