blog-post.md

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    Reference an existing IAM role from a CloudFormation template in AWS
So I was looking for a way to remove keys from our servers, Amazon itself suggest that you use IAM instead, so I tried that.
How
Under Resources define
"Testing": {
  "Type": "AWS::IAM::InstanceProfile",
  "Properties": {
    "Path": "/",
    "Roles": ["my-role"]
  }
}
Testing here is just a reference to this roles declaration, it can be named whatever you want, what is important is that you bind it under Launchconfig.Properties like so
"LaunchConfig": {                                                                    
  "Properties": {
    "IamInstanceProfile": { 
      "Ref": "Testing"
    },           
    // ...
  },
  // ...
}
In this way you will have my-role policies active on the provisioned server.
I've found the relevant information buried in this piece of documentation where it talks about "Example LaunchConfig with IAM Instance Profile", have a look at the referenced template.
Why
Not having keys around is a great benefit per se, because if you start distributing them it's easy to lose track of all places you put them in.

Attaching (or removing) a new policy to a role instead is really easy to do and it works right away, from the moment you save your changes.