e-c-testing.js

export default Component.extend({
  fooValue: 0,
  looper: task(function * () {
    while(true) {
      yield timeout(500, "x-foo#looper-tick");
      this.incrementProperty('fooValue');
    }
  }).on('init')
})

test('x-foo', function(assert) => {
  visit('/');

  return waitForTimer("x-foo#looper-tick").then((timer) => {
    assert.equal(find('.fooValue').text(), 0);
    return timer.fire();
  }).then(() => {
    assert.equal(find('.fooValue').text(), 1);
  });
});

Considering your example, could I use async/await?

test('x-foo', async function(assert) => {
  visit('/');

  let timer = await waitForTimer("x-foo#looper-tick");

  assert.equal(find('.fooValue').text(), 0);
  await timer.fire();
  assert.equal(find('.fooValue').text(), 1);
});

Adding to the thread. the following worked for me. Caveat: I used sinon.useFakeTimers during unit/integration testing and left as is during acceptance tests.

// Alternative to ember-concurrency's timeout which does not register test
// waiters (settled). Use this for polling tasks to avoid hung acceptance tests
const optOutSettledTimeout = (delay) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delay));

hooks.beforeEach(function () {
  this.clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
});

hooks.afterEach(function () {
  this.clock.restore();
});

test('…', async function (assert) {
  …
  await this.clock.nextAsync();
  …
});