The Maybe nomad revisited from https://hackernoon.com/say-goodbye-to-null-checking-and-exceptions-using-the-maybe-monad-in-symfony/

Maybe.php

<?php

/**
 * @template T
 */
class Maybe
{
    /**
     * @param T|null $value
     */
    private function __construct(
        private readonly mixed $value
    ) {
    }

    /**
     * @param T|null $value
     * @return Maybe<T>
     */
    public static function just($value): Maybe
    {
        return new self($value);
    }

    /**
     * @return Maybe<T>
     */
    public static function nothing(): Maybe
    {
        return new self(null);
    }

    /**
     * @template U
     * @param callable(T):U $fn
     * @return Maybe<U>
     */
    public function pipe(callable $fn): Maybe
    {
        return match (true) {
            null === $this->value => $this,
            default => self::just($fn($this->value)),
        };
    }

    /**
     * @param T $defaultValue
     * @return T
     */
    public function value($defaultValue = null)
    {
        return $this->value ?? $defaultValue;
    }
}