Save the code below as a bookmarklet then open it in WhatsApp Web:
javascript:(function(){if(!window.Store||!window.Store.Chat)return window.alert("You need to open WhatsApp in order to continue");var c=window.Store.Chat.filter("active")[0];if(!c)return window.alert("You need to open a chat in order to continue");var b=window.prompt("Provide a Google Maps URL:");if(b){var a=/@(.*)\//g;if(!a.test(b))return window.alert("Please provide a valid URL");a=b.match(a)[0];a=a.slice(1,a.lastIndexOf(","));b=c.createMessageFromText("/9j/2wBDAAMCAgICAgMCAgIDAwMDBAYEBAQEBAgGBgUGCQgKCgkICQkKDA8MCgsOCwkJDRENDg8QEBEQCgwSExIQEw8QEBD/yQALCAABAAEBAREA/8wABgAQEAX/2gAIAQEAAD8A0s8g/9k=");
b.type="location";a=a.split(",");b.lat=parseFloat(a[0]);b.lng=parseFloat(a[1]);c.addAndSendMsg(b)}})();
Because as today WhatsApp Web lacks a feature that allows sending location. I expect they implement this feature without requiring this "hack", if possible also using the geolocation API.
URL parsing based on google-maps-coordinate-parser. JPEG Data URI from mathiasbynens/small