val a = 1 // this type gets inferred to be of type Int
val b = "b" // this type in inferred to be a String
val c = 2.0 // this type is inferred to be a Double

case class SomeThing
class SomeOtherThing

val d = SomeThing // this type is instantiated as SomeThing. Not no need for the 'new' keyword as this is a case class
val e = new SomeOtherThing // This type requires the new keyword as no factory method is created for non case classes