UUID primary keys in Rails 3

Gemfile

# Gemfile
…
gem 'uuidtools' 
…

migrations.rb

# db/migrate/20110422210841_create_sites.rb
# 1.  :id => false
# 2.  :uuid 
#
class CreateSites < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def self.up
    create_table(:sites, :id => false) do |t|
      t.string :uuid, :limit => 36, :primary => true
      t.timestamps
    end
  end

  def self.down
    drop_table :sites
  end
end

site.rb

# app/models/site.rb
class Site < ActiveRecord::Base
  include Extensions::UUID
end

uuid.rb

# app/models/extensions/uuid.rb
#
module Extensions
  module UUID
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern

    included do
      # old rails versions 
      set_primary_key 'uuid'
      # later rails versions, untested:
      # self.primary_key = 'the_name'

      before_create :generate_uuid
      
      def generate_uuid
        self.id = UUIDTools::UUID.random_create.to_s
      end
    end
  end
end

You should add :null => false to the column definition.

@grosser
As the description explicitly says, this is for Rails 3. So why not use the framework features. If you want to do this in another Framework, feel free to fork.

@adrpac
To quote Wikipedia: "in the SQL Standard, primary keys may consist of one or multiple columns. Each column participating in the primary key is implicitly defined as NOT NULL" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_key

To quote MySQL manual: "A PRIMARY KEY is a unique index where all key columns must be defined as NOT NULL. If they are not explicitly declared as NOT NULL, MySQL declares them so implicitly (and silently). A table can have only one PRIMARY KEY. "

Why is this 'self.id' and not 'self.uuid'? "self.id = UUIDTools::UUID.random_create.to_s"

@rizenine

Because the primary key has been switched to uuid by set_primary_key 'uuid'. This renders the id column in the database redundant.

Rad gist.

This may be more efficient: t.binary :uuid, :limit => 16, :primary => true

Read this in the comments here: "UUID's are not strings, you should not store them as such in the DB. Your performance is going to be terrible with large datasets. In mysql, the proper way to store a UUID is as a 16-byte binary. If you need to convert it to 7 bit (for use in XML or REST for example) that should be done when the request is served."

What is the kind of problem you're trying to solve with UUIDs ?

To avoid incremental ids, you could keep using an integer field but generate the ids with rand(2**sizeof(int_column)). Then for display, use obj.id.to_s(16) to get a hex display.

I was exploring the usage of UUID's with MOM as distributed objects.

What happens when you generate your schema for your test Database? rake db:test:prepare

This will generate an ID column with INT(11) & auto increment to true.

Also, all ActiveRecord::Base methods like .find(1234), will be broken, since you no longer have an ID column?

I'm trying to solve this myself, but have reverted back to using INT IDs until I can better understand this.

My understanding is that the "set_primary_key 'uuid'" overrides the default behaviour of rails to use the uuid column instead of the id column. Nothing should break in the process.

That did not work for me.

My test DB was still loaded with ID column with INT(11).

I'm on Rails 2.3.4.

In Postgresql, you can have the database default null columns to a valid UUID, meaning you could do without any customization of rails beyond just writing a raw migration:

CREATE EXTENSION "uuid-ossp";

CREATE TABLE users (
    id VARCHAR(64) PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4()
);

If you're on postgres you want to look at https://github.com/dockyard/postgres_ext anyways :-)

Got this when i did run some spec:
DEPRECATION WARNING: Calling set_primary_key is deprecated. Please use self.primary_key = 'the_name' instead.

Haven't looked it up but i guess it's true. So please update folks ;)

This isn't the best idea to let rails handle the UUID's. Race conditions are possible and collisions are possible. It's probably best to let MySQL or Postgres handle it via the built in function UUID(). I'm going to do a write up about it soon and how to accomplish UUID's with rails.

I was using this approach for a long time, but now after upgrading it stops working. I also get

Got this when i did run some spec:
DEPRECATION WARNING: Calling set_primary_key is deprecated. Please use self.primary_key = 'the_name' instead.

and morover i get new error

uninitialized constant RSpec::Matchers::Extensions::UUID

in rspec tests when trying to use routing paths, which used to work.

Is there a update to this approach? (hopefully not radically different]

@warmwaffles you should probably read more about UUIDs and primary key uniqueness ;-)

When possible and you don't mind the database lock-in, do it in the database.

Sometimes, when you have an async API that pushes customer data e.g. on a MQ/redis. You need to generate and return the UUID on the customer-facing system. You can't wait/block for the full, async database round-trip.

If you are using Ruby 1.9.3+ you can just call SecureRandom.uuid. You also don't need gem 'uuidtools'.

Thanks for this.

For Rails 3.1+ check ActiveUUID