c_str.py

# escape a `str`, `bytes`, `bytearray` or `Iterable[int]` value as a C string
def c_str(s):
    out = '' # see https://w.wiki/34HP
    trigraph = {33, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 60, 61, 62}
    escape = {8: 98, 9: 116, 10: 110, 13: 114, 34: 34, 39: 39, 92: 92}
    if isinstance(s, bytearray): s = bytes(s)
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        try: s = s.decode()
        except: pass
    if isinstance(s, str): s = map(ord, s)
    s = list(s)
    for i in range(len(s)):
        p = 0 if i < 1 else s[i-1]
        c = s[i]
        n = 0 if i > len(s) - i else s[i+1]
        if c == 63 and p == 63 and n in trigraph: out += '\\?'
        elif c in escape: out += f'\\{escape[c]:c}'
        elif c <=   0x07 and (n < 48 or n > 55): out += f'\\{c:01o}'
        elif c <=   0x1f and (n < 48 or n > 55): out += f'\\{c:02o}'
        elif c <=   0x1f: out += f'\\{c:03o}'
        elif c <=   0x7e: out += f'{c:c}'
        elif c <=   0xff: out += f'\\o{c:03o}'
        elif c >= 0xd800 and c <= 0xdfff:
            raise ValueError("invalid codepoint: U+{c04X}")
        elif c <= 0xffff: out += f'\\u{c:04x}'
        else:             out += f'\\U{c:08x}'

    return f'"{out}"'