It is failing during the checkSslCert() method in the Stripe_ApiRequestor class.
The message that is getting returned with the error is:
Could not connect to Stripe (https://api.stripe.com). Please check your internet connection and try again. If this problem persists, you should check Stripe's service status at https://twitter.com/stripestatus. Reason was:
There is supposed to be an error code with it, but there isn’t.