/*------------------------------------------------*/
//Uva Problem No: 299
//Problem Name  : Train Swapping
//Author        : Shohanur Rahaman
//University    : City University
//E-mail        : shohan4556@gmail.com
//Problem Type: Sorting
/*-----------------------------------------------*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,k,t_case,n,t,train[51],count;
      while(scanf("%d",&t_case)==1){
         for(k=0;k<t_case;k++){
    count=0;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        scanf("%d",&train[i]);

    for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
        for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++)
            if(train[j]>train[j+1]){
                count++;
                t=train[j];
                train[j]=train[j+1];
                train[j+1]=t;
                }
    printf("Optimal train swapping takes %d swaps.\n",count);
    }
}
return 0;
}