Node.js is a server-side platform built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript runtime. It uses non-blocking I/O and asynchronous events. It's lightweight, efficient, and commonly used for real-time web applications.
Node.js was released by Ryan Dahl in 2009. Ryan didn't set out to create a server-side JavaScript implementation. It was the asynchronous, non-blocking part that he was interested in. Ryan originally tried to accomplish this using C, Lua, and Haskell. Ryan turned his attention to JavaScript when Google open-sourced its V8 JavaScript engine.