00_ex151220.md

## 00_ex151220.md

      
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              00_ex151220.md
            
          
    ex151220
see http://takatakamanbou.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/12/20/233232
source

ex151220.py see below

importing nnet151219.py https://gist.github.com/takatakamanbou/2471f7b4de908a601646


ex151220bn.py see below

importing nnet151219bn.py https://gist.github.com/takatakamanbou/2471f7b4de908a601646


experimental results

see below

BN:  Batch Normalization
C:   Conventional method


## BN_15layer.txt
$ time THEANO_FLAGS='device=gpu1' python ex151220bn.py
Using gpu device 1: Tesla K20c
# Layer 0 : Input ( 784 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 1 : ReLu ( 784 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 2 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 3 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 4 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 5 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 6 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 7 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 8 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 9 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 10 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 11 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 12 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 13 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 14 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 15 : linear ( 1000 x 10 ) dropout =  1.0
### training:   NL =  50000 NV =  10000  batchsize =  128
#               eta =  0.1 mu =  0.9 lam =  0.0
0 | 2.3026 90.14 | 2.3026 90.09
1 | 0.3051 5.57 | 0.3116 5.70  | eta = 0.1
2 | 0.0900 2.54 | 0.1193 3.34  | eta = 0.1
3 | 0.0621 1.75 | 0.0958 2.75  | eta = 0.1
4 | 0.0403 1.16 | 0.0829 2.15  | eta = 0.1
5 | 0.0429 1.12 | 0.0882 2.48  | eta = 0.1
6 | 0.0324 0.90 | 0.0865 2.34  | eta = 0.1
7 | 0.0283 0.72 | 0.0778 2.26  | eta = 0.1
8 | 0.0249 0.65 | 0.0811 2.09  | eta = 0.1
9 | 0.0164 0.42 | 0.0690 1.83  | eta = 0.1
10 | 0.0185 0.47 | 0.0785 2.16  | eta = 0.1
20 | 0.0046 0.07 | 0.0683 1.66  | eta = 0.1
30 | 0.0030 0.04 | 0.0626 1.45  | eta = 0.1
40 | 0.0016 0.03 | 0.0715 1.61  | eta = 0.1
# NT =  10000
50 | 0.0016 0.03 | 0.0715 1.61 | 0.0690 1.58

real	19m1.669s
user	11m13.904s
sys	7m23.208s

## BN_3layer.txt
$ time THEANO_FLAGS='device=gpu1' python ex151220bn.py
Using gpu device 1: Tesla K20c
# Layer 0 : Input ( 784 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 1 : ReLu ( 784 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 2 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 3 : linear ( 1000 x 10 ) dropout =  1.0
### training:   NL =  50000 NV =  10000  batchsize =  128
#               eta =  0.1 mu =  0.9 lam =  0.0
0 | 2.3023 90.29 | 2.3023 89.84
1 | 0.1206 3.75 | 0.1412 4.27  | eta = 0.1
2 | 0.0515 1.47 | 0.0815 2.47  | eta = 0.1
3 | 0.0348 0.98 | 0.0727 2.17  | eta = 0.1
4 | 0.0280 0.81 | 0.0748 2.25  | eta = 0.1
5 | 0.0190 0.54 | 0.0693 1.91  | eta = 0.1
6 | 0.0118 0.28 | 0.0591 1.65  | eta = 0.1
7 | 0.0097 0.26 | 0.0584 1.58  | eta = 0.1
8 | 0.0102 0.27 | 0.0640 1.89  | eta = 0.1
9 | 0.0050 0.10 | 0.0562 1.55  | eta = 0.1
10 | 0.0043 0.08 | 0.0568 1.55  | eta = 0.1
20 | 0.0009 0.02 | 0.0632 1.47  | eta = 0.1
30 | 0.0001 0.00 | 0.0510 1.20  | eta = 0.1
40 | 0.0001 0.00 | 0.0537 1.19  | eta = 0.1
# NT =  10000
50 | 0.0001 0.00 | 0.0537 1.19 | 0.0520 1.31

real    3m9.765s
user    2m9.004s
sys    0m57.476s

## C_15layer.txt
$ time THEANO_FLAGS='device=gpu1' python ex151220.py
Using gpu device 1: Tesla K20c
# Layer 0 : Input ( 784 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 1 : ReLu ( 784 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 2 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 3 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 4 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 5 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 6 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 7 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 8 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 9 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 10 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 11 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 12 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 13 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 14 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 15 : linear ( 1000 x 10 ) dropout =  1.0
### training:   NL =  50000 NV =  10000  batchsize =  128
#               eta =  0.1 mu =  0.9 lam =  0.0
0 | 2.3026 90.14 | 2.3026 90.09
1 | 2.3030 88.64 | 2.3046 89.36  | eta = 0.1
2 | 2.3028 90.06 | 2.3039 90.10  | eta = 0.1
3 | 2.3028 90.32 | 2.3032 89.91  | eta = 0.1
4 | 2.3044 88.64 | 2.3062 89.36  | eta = 0.1
5 | 2.3020 88.64 | 2.3035 89.36  | eta = 0.1
6 | 2.3029 88.64 | 2.3034 89.36  | eta = 0.1
7 | 2.3031 88.64 | 2.3039 89.36  | eta = 0.1
8 | 2.3021 88.64 | 2.3033 89.36  | eta = 0.1
9 | 2.3035 88.64 | 2.3060 89.36  | eta = 0.1
10 | 2.3031 88.64 | 2.3051 89.36  | eta = 0.1
20 | 2.3016 88.64 | 2.3031 89.36  | eta = 0.1
30 | 2.3021 88.64 | 2.3034 89.36  | eta = 0.1
40 | 2.3032 88.64 | 2.3038 89.36  | eta = 0.1
# NT =  10000
50 | 2.3032 88.64 | 2.3038 89.36 | 2.3029 88.65

real	9m6.693s
user	5m45.972s
sys	3m10.120s

## C_3layer.txt
$ time THEANO_FLAGS='device=gpu1' python ex151220.py
Using gpu device 1: Tesla K20c
# Layer 0 : Input ( 784 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 1 : ReLu ( 784 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 2 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout =  1.0
# Layer 3 : linear ( 1000 x 10 ) dropout =  1.0
### training:   NL =  50000 NV =  10000  batchsize =  128
#               eta =  0.1 mu =  0.9 lam =  0.0
0 | 2.3023 90.29 | 2.3023 89.84
1 | 0.1007 3.06 | 0.1128 3.31  | eta = 0.1
2 | 0.0617 1.83 | 0.0901 2.75  | eta = 0.1
3 | 0.0428 1.29 | 0.0842 2.49  | eta = 0.1
4 | 0.0302 0.88 | 0.0861 2.19  | eta = 0.1
5 | 0.0237 0.68 | 0.0834 2.13  | eta = 0.1
6 | 0.0140 0.42 | 0.0775 1.95  | eta = 0.1
7 | 0.0137 0.43 | 0.0866 2.03  | eta = 0.1
8 | 0.0099 0.32 | 0.0869 2.11  | eta = 0.1
9 | 0.0049 0.15 | 0.0806 1.78  | eta = 0.1
10 | 0.0024 0.05 | 0.0798 1.73  | eta = 0.1
20 | 0.0001 0.00 | 0.0869 1.62  | eta = 0.1
30 | 0.0000 0.00 | 0.0905 1.61  | eta = 0.1
40 | 0.0000 0.00 | 0.0929 1.62  | eta = 0.1
# NT =  10000
50 | 0.0000 0.00 | 0.0929 1.62 | 0.0862 1.56

real    2m16.864s
user    1m25.864s
sys    0m48.664s

## ex151220.py
import numpy as np
import scipy as sp
import mnist
import nnet151219 as nnet
import theano

def gendat( mnist, LT ):

    label = np.asarray( mnist.getLabel( LT ), dtype = np.int32 )
    X = np.array( mnist.getImage( LT ) / 255, dtype = np.float32 )  # => in [0,1]

    return X, label


def MLP( D, H, K, nHiddenLayer, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] ):

    rng = nnet.randomstreams( 0 )

    Layers = []
    Layers.append( nnet.InputLayer( D, rng = rng, dropout = dropout[0] ) )

    Layers.append( nnet.Layer( D, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

    for il in range( 1, nHiddenLayer ):
        Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

    Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, K, 'linear', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[2] ) )

    mlp = nnet.MLP( Layers )

    return mlp


def errorrate( mlp, X, label, batchsize ):

    N = X.shape[0]
    nbatch = int( np.ceil( float( N ) / batchsize ) )

    LL = 0.0
    cnt = 0
    for ib in range( nbatch - 1 ):
        ii = np.arange( ib*batchsize, (ib+1)*batchsize )
        Z  = mlp.output( X[ii] )
        LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
        cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )
    ib = nbatch - 1
    ii = np.arange( ib*batchsize, N )
    Z  = mlp.output( X[ii] )
    LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
    cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )

    return LL / N, float( cnt ) / N


if __name__ == "__main__":

    theano.config.floatX = 'float32'
    theano.config.fastmath = True

    np.random.seed( 1 )

    ##### setting the training data & the validation data
    #
    mn = mnist.MNIST( pathMNIST = '../150117-mnist' )
    K = mn.nclass
    X, label = gendat( mn, 'L' )
    xm = np.mean( X, axis = 0 )
    X -= xm
    XL, labelL = X[:50000], label[:50000]
    XV, labelV = X[50000:], label[50000:]
    NL, D = XL.shape
    NV, D = XV.shape


    ##### initializing
    #
    mlp = MLP( D, 1000, K, 14, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] )
    for i, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers ):
        if i == 0:
            print '# Layer 0 : Input (', layer.Din, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout
        else:
            print '# Layer', i, ':', layer.afunc, '(', layer.Din, 'x', layer.Nunit, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout

    ##### training
    #
    batchsize = 128
    nbatch = NL / batchsize
    eta, mu, lam = 0.1, 0.9, 0.0
    etaR = 1.0
    nepoch = 50

    print '### training:   NL = ', NL, 'NV = ', NV, ' batchsize = ', batchsize
    print '#               eta = ', eta, 'mu = ', mu, 'lam = ', lam

    i = 0
    mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
    mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
    print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 )

    for i in range( 1, nepoch ):

        # training
        for ib in range( nbatch ):
            ii = np.random.randint( 0, NL, batchsize )
            mlp.train( XL[ii], labelL[ii], eta, mu, lam )

        # inference & printing error rates
        if ( i < 10 ) or ( i % 10 == 0 ):
            mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
            mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
            print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 ),
            print ' | eta =', eta

        eta *= etaR

    i = nepoch

    ##### setting the test data
    #
    XT, labelT = gendat( mn, 'T' )
    XT -= xm
    NT, D = XT.shape
    print '# NT = ', NT
    mnLLT, erT = errorrate( mlp, XT, labelT, batchsize )
    print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100, mnLLT, erT * 100 )

## ex151220bn.py
import numpy as np
import scipy as sp
import mnist
import nnet151219bn as nnet
import theano


def gendat( mnist, LT ):

    label = np.asarray( mnist.getLabel( LT ), dtype = np.int32 )
    X = np.array( mnist.getImage( LT ) / 255, dtype = np.float32 )  # => in [0,1]

    return X, label


def MLP( D, H, K, nHiddenLayer, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] ):

    rng = nnet.randomstreams( 0 )

    Layers = []
    Layers.append( nnet.InputLayer( D, rng = rng, dropout = dropout[0] ) )

    Layers.append( nnet.Layer( D, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

    for il in range( 1, nHiddenLayer ):
        Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

    Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, K, 'linear', rng = rng, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[2] ) )

    mlp = nnet.MLP( Layers )

    return mlp


def errorrate( mlp, X, label, batchsize ):

    N = X.shape[0]
    nbatch = int( np.ceil( float( N ) / batchsize ) )

    LL = 0.0
    cnt = 0
    for ib in range( nbatch - 1 ):
        ii = np.arange( ib*batchsize, (ib+1)*batchsize )
        Z  = mlp.output( X[ii] )
        LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
        cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )
    ib = nbatch - 1
    ii = np.arange( ib*batchsize, N )
    Z  = mlp.output( X[ii] )
    LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
    cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )

    return LL / N, float( cnt ) / N


if __name__ == "__main__":

    theano.config.floatX = 'float32'
    theano.config.fastmath = True

    np.random.seed( 1 )

    ##### setting the training data & the validation data
    #
    mn = mnist.MNIST( pathMNIST = '../150117-mnist' )
    K = mn.nclass
    X, label = gendat( mn, 'L' )
    xm = np.mean( X, axis = 0 )
    X -= xm
    XL, labelL = X[:50000], label[:50000]
    XV, labelV = X[50000:], label[50000:]
    NL, D = XL.shape
    NV, D = XV.shape

    ##### initializing
    #
    mlp = MLP( D, 1000, K, 14, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] )
    for i, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers ):
        if i == 0:
            print '# Layer 0 : Input (', layer.Din, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout
        else:
            print '# Layer', i, ':', layer.afunc, '(', layer.Din, 'x', layer.Nunit, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout

    ##### training
    #
    batchsize = 128
    nbatch = NL / batchsize
    eta, mu, lam = 0.1, 0.9, 0.0
    etaR = 1.0
    nepoch = 50

    print '### training:   NL = ', NL, 'NV = ', NV, ' batchsize = ', batchsize
    print '#               eta = ', eta, 'mu = ', mu, 'lam = ', lam

    i = 0
    mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
    mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
    print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 )

    BNmu   = np.empty( mlp.nlayer - 1, dtype = object )
    BNsig2 = np.empty( mlp.nlayer - 1, dtype = object )
    for i, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers[1:] ):
        BNmu[i]  = np.zeros( layer.Nunit, dtype = theano.config.floatX )
        BNsig2[i] = np.zeros( layer.Nunit, dtype = theano.config.floatX )

    for i in range( 1, nepoch ):

        for il in range( mlp.nlayer - 1 ):
            BNmu[il][:]   = 0.0
            BNsig2[il][:] = 0.0

        # training
        for ib in range( nbatch ):
            ii = np.random.randint( 0, NL, batchsize )
            mlp.train( XL[ii], labelL[ii], eta, mu, lam )
            for il, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers[1:] ):
                BNmu[il]   += layer.BNmu.get_value()
                BNsig2[il] += layer.BNsig2.get_value()

        for il, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers[1:] ):
            tmpBNmu   = BNmu[il] / nbatch
            tmpBNsig2 = BNsig2[il] / nbatch * batchsize / ( batchsize - 1 ) + layer.BNeps
            layer.BNmu.set_value( tmpBNmu )
            layer.BNsig2.set_value( tmpBNsig2 )


        # inference & printing error rates
        if ( i < 10 ) or ( i % 10 == 0 ):
            mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
            mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
            print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 ),
            print ' | eta =', eta

        eta *= etaR

    i = nepoch

    ##### setting the test data
    #
    XT, labelT = gendat( mn, 'T' )
    XT -= xm
    NT, D = XT.shape
    print '# NT = ', NT
    mnLLT, erT = errorrate( mlp, XT, labelT, batchsize )
    print '%d | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f | %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100, mnLLT, erT * 100 )
	$ time THEANO_FLAGS='device=gpu1' python ex151220bn.py
	Using gpu device 1: Tesla K20c
	# Layer 0 : Input ( 784 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 1 : ReLu ( 784 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 2 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 3 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 4 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 5 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 6 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 7 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 8 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 9 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 10 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 11 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 12 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 13 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 14 : ReLu ( 1000 x 1000 ) dropout = 1.0
	# Layer 15 : linear ( 1000 x 10 ) dropout = 1.0
	### training: NL = 50000 NV = 10000 batchsize = 128
	# eta = 0.1 mu = 0.9 lam = 0.0
	0 \| 2.3026 90.14 \| 2.3026 90.09
	1 \| 0.3051 5.57 \| 0.3116 5.70 \| eta = 0.1
	2 \| 0.0900 2.54 \| 0.1193 3.34 \| eta = 0.1
	3 \| 0.0621 1.75 \| 0.0958 2.75 \| eta = 0.1
	4 \| 0.0403 1.16 \| 0.0829 2.15 \| eta = 0.1
	5 \| 0.0429 1.12 \| 0.0882 2.48 \| eta = 0.1
	6 \| 0.0324 0.90 \| 0.0865 2.34 \| eta = 0.1
	7 \| 0.0283 0.72 \| 0.0778 2.26 \| eta = 0.1
	8 \| 0.0249 0.65 \| 0.0811 2.09 \| eta = 0.1
	9 \| 0.0164 0.42 \| 0.0690 1.83 \| eta = 0.1
	10 \| 0.0185 0.47 \| 0.0785 2.16 \| eta = 0.1
	20 \| 0.0046 0.07 \| 0.0683 1.66 \| eta = 0.1
	30 \| 0.0030 0.04 \| 0.0626 1.45 \| eta = 0.1
	40 \| 0.0016 0.03 \| 0.0715 1.61 \| eta = 0.1
	# NT = 10000
	50 \| 0.0016 0.03 \| 0.0715 1.61 \| 0.0690 1.58

	real 19m1.669s
	user 11m13.904s
	sys 7m23.208s
	import numpy as np
	import scipy as sp
	import mnist
	import nnet151219 as nnet
	import theano

	def gendat( mnist, LT ):

	label = np.asarray( mnist.getLabel( LT ), dtype = np.int32 )
	X = np.array( mnist.getImage( LT ) / 255, dtype = np.float32 ) # => in [0,1]

	return X, label


	def MLP( D, H, K, nHiddenLayer, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] ):

	rng = nnet.randomstreams( 0 )

	Layers = []
	Layers.append( nnet.InputLayer( D, rng = rng, dropout = dropout[0] ) )

	Layers.append( nnet.Layer( D, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

	for il in range( 1, nHiddenLayer ):
	Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, H, 'ReLu', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[1] ) )

	Layers.append( nnet.Layer( H, K, 'linear', rng = rng, withBias = True, Wini = 0.01, dropout = dropout[2] ) )

	mlp = nnet.MLP( Layers )

	return mlp


	def errorrate( mlp, X, label, batchsize ):

	N = X.shape[0]
	nbatch = int( np.ceil( float( N ) / batchsize ) )

	LL = 0.0
	cnt = 0
	for ib in range( nbatch - 1 ):
	ii = np.arange( ibbatchsize, (ib+1)batchsize )
	Z = mlp.output( X[ii] )
	LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
	cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )
	ib = nbatch - 1
	ii = np.arange( ib*batchsize, N )
	Z = mlp.output( X[ii] )
	LL += mlp.cost( Z, label[ii] ) * ii.shape[0]
	cnt += np.sum( label[ii] != np.argmax( Z, axis = 1 ) )

	return LL / N, float( cnt ) / N





	if __name__ == "__main__":

	theano.config.floatX = 'float32'
	theano.config.fastmath = True

	np.random.seed( 1 )

	##### setting the training data & the validation data
	#
	mn = mnist.MNIST( pathMNIST = '../150117-mnist' )
	K = mn.nclass
	X, label = gendat( mn, 'L' )
	xm = np.mean( X, axis = 0 )
	X -= xm
	XL, labelL = X[:50000], label[:50000]
	XV, labelV = X[50000:], label[50000:]
	NL, D = XL.shape
	NV, D = XV.shape


	##### initializing
	#
	mlp = MLP( D, 1000, K, 14, dropout = [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] )
	for i, layer in enumerate( mlp.Layers ):
	if i == 0:
	print '# Layer 0 : Input (', layer.Din, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout
	else:
	print '# Layer', i, ':', layer.afunc, '(', layer.Din, 'x', layer.Nunit, ') dropout = ', layer.dropout

	##### training
	#
	batchsize = 128
	nbatch = NL / batchsize
	eta, mu, lam = 0.1, 0.9, 0.0
	etaR = 1.0
	nepoch = 50

	print '### training: NL = ', NL, 'NV = ', NV, ' batchsize = ', batchsize
	print '# eta = ', eta, 'mu = ', mu, 'lam = ', lam

	i = 0
	mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
	mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
	print '%d \| %.4f %.2f \| %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 )

	for i in range( 1, nepoch ):

	# training
	for ib in range( nbatch ):
	ii = np.random.randint( 0, NL, batchsize )
	mlp.train( XL[ii], labelL[ii], eta, mu, lam )

	# inference & printing error rates
	if ( i < 10 ) or ( i % 10 == 0 ):
	mnLLL, erL = errorrate( mlp, XL, labelL, batchsize )
	mnLLV, erV = errorrate( mlp, XV, labelV, batchsize )
	print '%d \| %.4f %.2f \| %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100 ),
	print ' \| eta =', eta

	eta *= etaR

	i = nepoch

	##### setting the test data
	#
	XT, labelT = gendat( mn, 'T' )
	XT -= xm
	NT, D = XT.shape
	print '# NT = ', NT
	mnLLT, erT = errorrate( mlp, XT, labelT, batchsize )
	print '%d \| %.4f %.2f \| %.4f %.2f \| %.4f %.2f' % ( i, mnLLL, erL * 100, mnLLV, erV * 100, mnLLT, erT * 100 )