Compilation of C program and flashing the ATmega328p microcontroller using free Linux tools

compilation_of_c_program.sh

# Step 1. Create a .bin file
# Arguments at the end: destination_bin_file.bin c_program.c
avr-gcc -Wall -g -Os -mmcu=atmega328p -o main.bin main.c

# Step 1.1 (optional) look up the .bin file
avr-size -C main.bin

# Step 2. Conversion of .bin file to .hex file
avr-objcopy -j .text -j .data -O ihex main.bin main.hex

flashing_the_mictocontroller.sh

# Using GPIO (e.g. Raspberry Pi)
# Configuration and wiring for Raspberry Pi:
# http://ozzmaker.com/program-avr-using-raspberry-pi-gpio/
sudo avrdude -p atmega328p -c linuxgpio -U flash:w:main.hex:i -F

# Using ISP programmer (e.g. Pololu USB AVR Programmer)
# Please note that the name of device /dev/ttyACM0 might differ.
# My suggestion is to check contents of /dev directory before and after plugging of programmer.
sudo avrdude -c avrisp2 -p atmega328p -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:main.hex:i -F


# More commands

# To verify the configuration:
sudo avrdude -c avrisp2 -p atmega328p -P /dev/ttyACM0 -v

# Reading contents of the chip:
sudo avrdude -c avrisp2 -p atmega328p -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:r:output_file.bin:r

programmer_devices.txt

  2232HIO          = FT2232H based generic programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:412]
  4232h            = FT4232H based generic programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:440]
  89isp            = Atmel at89isp cable            [/etc/avrdude.conf:1369]
  abcmini          = ABCmini Board, aka Dick Smith HOTCHIP [/etc/avrdude.conf:1268]
  alf              = Nightshade ALF-PgmAVR, http://nightshade.homeip.net/ [/etc/avrdude.conf:1228]
  arduino          = Arduino                        [/etc/avrdude.conf:360]
  arduino-ft232r   = Arduino: FT232R connected to ISP [/etc/avrdude.conf:764]
  atisp            = AT-ISP V1.1 programming cable for AVR-SDK1 from <http://micro-research.co.th/>  [/etc/avrdude.conf:1324]
  atmelice         = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in JTAG mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1114]
  atmelice_dw      = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in debugWIRE mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1130]
  atmelice_isp     = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in ISP mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1138]
  atmelice_pdi     = Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in PDI mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1122]
  avr109           = Atmel AppNote AVR109 Boot Loader [/etc/avrdude.conf:885]
  avr910           = Atmel Low Cost Serial Programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:721]
  avr911           = Atmel AppNote AVR911 AVROSP    [/etc/avrdude.conf:892]
  avrftdi          = FT2232D based generic programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:386]
  avrisp           = Atmel AVR ISP                  [/etc/avrdude.conf:608]
  avrisp2          = Atmel AVR ISP mkII             [/etc/avrdude.conf:628]
  avrispmkII       = Atmel AVR ISP mkII             [/etc/avrdude.conf:622]
  avrispv2         = Atmel AVR ISP V2               [/etc/avrdude.conf:615]
  bascom           = Bascom SAMPLE programming cable [/etc/avrdude.conf:1222]
  blaster          = Altera ByteBlaster             [/etc/avrdude.conf:1346]
  bsd              = Brian Dean's Programmer, http://www.bsdhome.com/avrdude/ [/etc/avrdude.conf:1177]
  buspirate        = The Bus Pirate                 [/etc/avrdude.conf:633]
  buspirate_bb     = The Bus Pirate (bitbang interface, supports TPI) [/etc/avrdude.conf:640]
  butterfly        = Atmel Butterfly Development Board [/etc/avrdude.conf:878]
  butterfly_mk     = Mikrokopter.de Butterfly       [/etc/avrdude.conf:906]
  bwmega           = BitWizard ftdi_atmega builtin programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:751]
  C232HM           = FT232H based module from FTDI and Glyn.com.au [/etc/avrdude.conf:509]
  c2n232i          = serial port banging, reset=dtr sck=!rts mosi=!txd miso=!cts [/etc/avrdude.conf:1474]
  dapa             = Direct AVR Parallel Access cable [/etc/avrdude.conf:1312]
  dasa             = serial port banging, reset=rts sck=dtr mosi=txd miso=cts [/etc/avrdude.conf:1446]
  dasa3            = serial port banging, reset=!dtr sck=rts mosi=txd miso=cts [/etc/avrdude.conf:1460]
  diecimila        = alias for arduino-ft232r       [/etc/avrdude.conf:775]
  dragon_dw        = Atmel AVR Dragon in debugWire mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1041]
  dragon_hvsp      = Atmel AVR Dragon in HVSP mode  [/etc/avrdude.conf:1032]
  dragon_isp       = Atmel AVR Dragon in ISP mode   [/etc/avrdude.conf:1014]
  dragon_jtag      = Atmel AVR Dragon in JTAG mode  [/etc/avrdude.conf:1005]
  dragon_pdi       = Atmel AVR Dragon in PDI mode   [/etc/avrdude.conf:1050]
  dragon_pp        = Atmel AVR Dragon in PP mode    [/etc/avrdude.conf:1023]
  dt006            = Dontronics DT006               [/etc/avrdude.conf:1212]
  ere-isp-avr      = ERE ISP-AVR <http://www.ere.co.th/download/sch050713.pdf> [/etc/avrdude.conf:1335]
  flip1            = FLIP USB DFU protocol version 1 (doc7618) [/etc/avrdude.conf:1161]
  flip2            = FLIP USB DFU protocol version 2 (AVR4023) [/etc/avrdude.conf:1168]
  frank-stk200     = Frank STK200                   [/etc/avrdude.conf:1359]
  ft232r           = FT232R Synchronous BitBang     [/etc/avrdude.conf:739]
  ft245r           = FT245R Synchronous BitBang     [/etc/avrdude.conf:728]
  futurlec         = Futurlec.com programming cable. [/etc/avrdude.conf:1279]
  jtag1            = Atmel JTAG ICE (mkI)           [/etc/avrdude.conf:919]
  jtag1slow        = Atmel JTAG ICE (mkI)           [/etc/avrdude.conf:924]
  jtag2            = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII            [/etc/avrdude.conf:954]
  jtag2avr32       = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII im AVR32 mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:987]
  jtag2dw          = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII in debugWire mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:969]
  jtag2fast        = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII            [/etc/avrdude.conf:948]
  jtag2isp         = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII in ISP mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:960]
  jtag2pdi         = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII PDI mode   [/etc/avrdude.conf:996]
  jtag2slow        = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII            [/etc/avrdude.conf:943]
  jtag3            = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 in JTAG mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1058]
  jtag3dw          = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 in debugWIRE mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1074]
  jtag3isp         = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 in ISP mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1082]
  jtag3pdi         = Atmel AVR JTAGICE3 in PDI mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1066]
  jtagkey          = Amontec JTAGKey, JTAGKey-Tiny and JTAGKey2 [/etc/avrdude.conf:447]
  jtagmkI          = Atmel JTAG ICE (mkI)           [/etc/avrdude.conf:911]
  jtagmkII         = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII            [/etc/avrdude.conf:935]
  jtagmkII_avr32   = Atmel JTAG ICE mkII im AVR32 mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:978]
  lm3s811          = Luminary Micro LM3S811 Eval Board (Rev. A) [/etc/avrdude.conf:570]
  mib510           = Crossbow MIB510 programming board [/etc/avrdude.conf:672]
  mkbutterfly      = Mikrokopter.de Butterfly       [/etc/avrdude.conf:900]
  nibobee          = NIBObee                        [/etc/avrdude.conf:847]
  o-link           = O-Link, OpenJTAG from www.100ask.net [/etc/avrdude.conf:541]
  openmoko         = Openmoko debug board (v3)      [/etc/avrdude.conf:552]
  pavr             = Jason Kyle's pAVR Serial Programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:1147]
  pickit2          = MicroChip's PICkit2 Programmer [/etc/avrdude.conf:1154]
  picoweb          = Picoweb Programming Cable, http://www.picoweb.net/ [/etc/avrdude.conf:1257]
  pony-stk200      = Pony Prog STK200               [/etc/avrdude.conf:1205]
  ponyser          = design ponyprog serial, reset=!txd sck=rts mosi=dtr miso=cts [/etc/avrdude.conf:1424]
  siprog           = Lancos SI-Prog <http://www.lancos.com/siprogsch.html> [/etc/avrdude.conf:1437]
  sp12             = Steve Bolt's Programmer        [/etc/avrdude.conf:1245]
  stk200           = STK200                         [/etc/avrdude.conf:1189]
  stk500           = Atmel STK500                   [/etc/avrdude.conf:658]
  stk500hvsp       = Atmel STK500 V2 in high-voltage serial programming mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:693]
  stk500pp         = Atmel STK500 V2 in parallel programming mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:686]
  stk500v1         = Atmel STK500 Version 1.x firmware [/etc/avrdude.conf:665]
  stk500v2         = Atmel STK500 Version 2.x firmware [/etc/avrdude.conf:679]
  stk600           = Atmel STK600                   [/etc/avrdude.conf:700]
  stk600hvsp       = Atmel STK600 in high-voltage serial programming mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:714]
  stk600pp         = Atmel STK600 in parallel programming mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:707]
  ttl232r          = FTDI TTL232R-5V with ICSP adapter [/etc/avrdude.conf:811]
  tumpa            = TIAO USB Multi-Protocol Adapter [/etc/avrdude.conf:591]
  UM232H           = FT232H based module from FTDI and Glyn.com.au [/etc/avrdude.conf:482]
  uncompatino      = uncompatino with all pairs of pins shorted [/etc/avrdude.conf:787]
  usbasp           = USBasp, http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/ [/etc/avrdude.conf:822]
  usbasp-clone     = Any usbasp clone with correct VID/PID [/etc/avrdude.conf:858]
  usbtiny          = USBtiny simple USB programmer, http://www.ladyada.net/make/usbtiny
/ [/etc/avrdude.conf:869]
  wiring           = Wiring                         [/etc/avrdude.conf:353]
  xil              = Xilinx JTAG cable              [/etc/avrdude.conf:1298]
  xplainedmini     = Atmel AVR XplainedMini in ISP mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1098]
  xplainedmini_dw  = Atmel AVR XplainedMini in debugWIRE mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1106]
  xplainedpro      = Atmel AVR XplainedPro in JTAG mode [/etc/avrdude.conf:1090]

sample_program.c

/*
 * Source:
 * http://codesforprogram.blogspot.com/2015/08/embedded-c-code-for-arduino-to-start-as.html
 */

#ifndef F_CPU
#define F_CPU 16000000UL // 16 MHz clock speed
#endif

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

int main(void)
{
  DDRB = 0xFF; //Nakes PORTC as Output
  while(1) //infinite loop
  {
    PORTB = 0xFF; //Turns ON All LEDs
    _delay_ms(1000); //1 second delay
    PORTB= 0x00; //Turns OFF All LEDs
    _delay_ms(1000); //1 second delay
  }
}