Adds the post ID's link to edit that page in the dashboard's at a glance widget.

custom-at-a-glance-item.php

<?php
/**
 * Plugin Name: Custom At a Glance Item
 * Description: Adds the post ID's link to edit that page in the dashboard's at a glance widget.
 * Plugin URI: https://gist.github.com/timelsass/345f810ded211fd6b3e9510bd56ebd9a
 * Author: Tim Elsass
 * Author URI: tim.ph
 */

/**
 * Add new link by post ID to dashboard's at a glance widget.
 *
 * @param int $id post ID to add link for.
 */
function custom_at_a_glance_item( $id ) {
	add_filter( 'dashboard_glance_items', function( $items ) use( $id ) {
		$title = get_the_title( $id );
		$items[] = '<a href="post.php?post=' . $id . '&action=edit">' . $title . '</a>';
		return $items;
	} );
}

// Replace 1 with the post ID of the page/post you want to have a link for in widget.
custom_at_a_glance_item( 1 );