A Visual Studio 2017 offline installer can be created with the following command:
vs_Professional.exe --layout C:\vs2017offline --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.CoreEditor --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.ManagedDesktop --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.Azure --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.Data --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NetCoreTools --includeRecommended --lang en-US de-DE
It includes the workloads and language packs specific for this project. You can easily create your own custom offline installer if your project uses a different toolchain.