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graph TD
  a[("snaphsot3(active)")] --> b[("snaphsot2(committed)")]
  b --> c[("snaphsot1(committed)")]
  c --> d[("snaphsot0(committed)")]

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graph LR
    subgraph a[Clients]
        a1[kubectl]
        a2[docker]
        a3[ctr]
    end
    subgraph b[Container engine]
        b1[kubernetes]
 b2[dockerd]

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指令	儲存	能否並行
docker build	基於 containerd 的原始 content，透過 Dockerfile 定義去操作 content	layer by layer，無法並行建構
docker buildx build	基於 containerd 的 content 抽象層 snapshot，透過一個後端服務 (LLB) 來操作 snapshot，得益於 snapshot 的特性，可以拿來建構更複雜更有彈性的依賴結構	資料結構是 DAG，相同 parent 的 node 可以並行建構

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BuildKit Survey

experiment 1

1. Create a simple Dockerfile to build an apline image.
2. Use build and buildx build to build the same Dockerfile.
3. Examine the image layer.

Dockerfile

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Example Postmortem

Shakespeare Sonnet++ Postmortem (incident #465)

Date: 2015-10-21

Authors: jennifer, martym, agoogler

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Example Incident State Document

Shakespeare Sonnet++ Overload: 2015-10-21
Incident management info: https://incident-management-cheat-sheet

(Communications lead to keep summary updated.)
Summary: Shakespeare search service in cascading failure due to newly discovered sonnet not in search index.

Status: active, incident #465

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class EntityMeta(type):
  """Metaclass for business entities with validated fields"""
  
  def __init__(cls, name, bases, attr_dict):
    # handover to type.__init__
    super().__init__(name, bases, attr_dict)
    for key, attr in attr_dict.items():
        if isinstance(attr, Validated):
          type_name = type(attr).__name__
          attr.storage_name = f'_{type_name}#{key}'

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def record_factory(cls_name, field_names):
  try:
    field_names = field_names.replace(',', ' ').split()
  except AttributeError:
    pass
  filed_names = tuple(field_names)
  
  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    attrs = dict(zip(self.__slots__, args))
    attrs.update(kwargs)

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class Quantity:
  __counter = 0
  
  def __init__(self):
    cls = self.__class__
    self.storage_name = f'_{cls.__name__}#{cls.__counter}'
    cls.__counter += 1
    
  def __get__(self, instance, owner):  # `owner` is the ref of the managed class 
    if instance is None: