'Gravity waves,' Mace said. 'Like a tractor beam.' Suddenly fear broke to the surface of Mace's hard features; his Eyes seemed even more incongruous, metal islands in a sea of human emotion. He pointed through the viewport, picking out a palm-sized patch of darkness. 'From the direction of the Virgo supercluster; although that's probably coincidence...' 'I caught an echo of the beam.' 'Kapur, I think I know how they did it.' 'The Snowmen?' 'Mach's principle. I think they can manipulate Mach's principle.' Kapur shook his head. With a kind of irritated patience, Mace said, 'The Spline is embedded in a Universe of matter. That matter tugs at the Spline with gravity fields — but the fields surround the ship uniformly; they are equal in all directions, isotropic and timeless.' Kapur frowned. 'And you think the Snowmen have a way of making the field — unequal?' Mace laughed uneasily. 'I guess you learn a lot in fourteen billion years.' -Vacuum Diagrams, "The Godel Sunflowers"