script.js

"use strict";

function create(total) {
  var result = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < total; i++) {
    result.push(i + 1);
  }

  return result;
}

function move(arr, old_index, new_index) {
  while (old_index < 0) {
    old_index += arr.length;
  }

  while (new_index < 0) {
    new_index += arr.length;
  }

  if (new_index >= arr.length) {
    var k = new_index - arr.length;

    while (k-- + 1) {
      arr.push(undefined);
    }
  }

  arr.splice(new_index, 0, arr.splice(old_index, 1)[0]);
  return arr;
}

function pass(arr) {
  return arr.reduce(function(previousValue, currentValue, index, array) {
    if ((index + 1) & 1) {
      previousValue.push(currentValue);
    }

    return previousValue;
  }, []);
}

function cycle(number) {
  var result = create(number);
  var round = 1;

  while (result.length > 1) {
    var length = result.length;
    result = pass(result);
    round += 1;

    if (length & 1) {
      result = move(result, result.length - 1, 0);
    }
  }

  return result;
}

// code run
var result = cycle(42);
console.log(result);